Acquired hemolytic anemia

Medical condition

Acquired hemolytic anemia

Specialty| Hematology

Acquired hemolytic anemia can be divided into immune and non-immune mediated forms of hemolytic anemia.[1]

## Classification

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### Immune

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* Autoimmune hemolytic anemia[1]
* Warm antibody autoimmune hemolytic anemia[1]
* Idiopathic[2]
* Linked with primary immunodeficiency/immunodysregulation syndrome.[2]
* Lymphoma or chronic lymphocytic leukemia associated.[2]
* Secondary to other malignancies.[2]
* Associated with SLE or other collagen-vascular disorders.[2]
* Secondary to viral infection.[2]
* Cold antibody autoimmune hemolytic anemia[2]
* Paroxysmal cold hemoglobinuria[2]
* Drug-induced autoimmune hemolytic anemia[2]
* Alloimmune hemolytic anemia[1]
* Hemolytic disease of the newborn (HDN)[1]
* Rh disease (Rh D)[1]
* ABO hemolytic disease of the newborn[1]
* Anti-Kell hemolytic disease of the newborn[1]
* Rhesus c hemolytic disease of the newborn[1]
* Rhesus E hemolytic disease of the newborn[1]
* Other blood group incompatibility (RhC, Rhe, Kidd, Duffy, MN, P and others)[1]
* Alloimmune hemolytic blood transfusion reactions (i.e., from a non-compatible blood type)[1]

### Non-immune

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* Traumatic hemolytic anemia[2]
* Impact[2]
* Macrovascular defects-prostheses[2]
* Microvascular causes[2]
* Disseminated intravascular hemolysis[2]
* Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura[2]
* Typical and atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome[2]
* Other microvascular abnormalities
* Hypersplenism[2]
* Hemolytic anemia due to toxic effects on the membrane
* Spur cell anemia
* External toxins
* Animal or spider bites[2]
* Metals
* Organic compounds[2]
* Infectious agents
* Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH)

## History

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The term 'acquired hemolytic anemia' originally appeared in the early 1900s.[3]

## References

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1. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l Arnold, Dm; Nazi, I; Moore, Jc; Heddle, Nm; Kelton, Jg (2011). "Acquired hemolytic anemia". Blood and Bone Marrow Pathology. Elsevier. p. 157–172. doi:10.1016/b978-0-7020-3147-2.00010-9. ISBN 978-0-7020-3147-2.
2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s Kalfa, Theodosia A. (2019). "Acquired Hemolytic Anemias". Concise Guide to Hematology. Cham: Springer International Publishing. p. 67–79. doi:10.1007/978-3-319-97873-4_9. ISBN 978-3-319-97872-7.
3. ^ MACK, P; FREEDMAN, J (2000). "Autoimmune hemolytic anemia: A history*". Transfusion Medicine Reviews. 14 (3). Elsevier BV: 223–233. doi:10.1053/tm.2000.7392. ISSN 0887-7963.

## Further reading

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* Frewin, Rebecca (2014). "Biochemical aspects of anaemia". Clinical Biochemistry: Metabolic and Clinical Aspects. Elsevier. doi:10.1016/b978-0-7020-5140-1.00027-4. ISBN 978-0-7020-5140-1.

## External links

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Classification|

* ICD-10: D59
* ICD-9-CM: 283

|

* v
* t
* e

Diseases of red blood cells

| Polycythemia|

* Polycythemia vera

|

| Anemia|

| Nutritional|

* Micro-: Iron-deficiency anemia
* Plummer–Vinson syndrome

* Macro-: Megaloblastic anemia
* Pernicious anemia

|

Hemolytic
(mostly normo-)|

| Hereditary|

* enzymopathy: Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency
* glycolysis
* pyruvate kinase deficiency
* triosephosphate isomerase deficiency
* hexokinase deficiency

* hemoglobinopathy: Thalassemia
* alpha
* beta
* delta
* Sickle cell disease/trait
* Hemoglobin C disease
* membrane: Hereditary spherocytosis
* Minkowski–Chauffard syndrome
* Hereditary elliptocytosis
* Southeast Asian ovalocytosis
* Hereditary stomatocytosis

|

Acquired|

| AIHA|

* Warm antibody autoimmune hemolytic anemia
* Cold agglutinin disease
* Donath–Landsteiner hemolytic anemia
* Paroxysmal cold hemoglobinuria
* Mixed autoimmune hemolytic anemia

|

* membrane
* paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria

* Microangiopathic hemolytic anemia
* Thrombotic microangiopathy
* Hemolytic–uremic syndrome

* Drug-induced autoimmune
* Drug-induced nonautoimmune

* Hemolytic disease of the newborn

Aplastic
(mostly normo-)|

* Hereditary: Fanconi anemia
* Diamond–Blackfan anemia

* Acquired: Pure red cell aplasia
* Sideroblastic anemia
* Myelophthisic

Blood tests|

* Mean corpuscular volume
* normocytic
* microcytic
* macrocytic
* Mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration
* normochromic
* hypochromic

Other|

* Methemoglobinemia
* Sulfhemoglobinemia
* Reticulocytopenia
* Hereditary persistence of fetal hemoglobin

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