Activating transcription factor

Class of DNA-binding proteins that regulate gene transcription

Activating transcription factor, ATF, is a group of bZIP transcription factors, which act as homodimers or heterodimers with a range of other bZIP factors.[1] First, they have been described as members of the CREB/ATF family,[2] whereas it turned out later that some of them might be more similar to AP-1-like factors such as c-Jun or c-Fos.[3] In general, ATFs are known to respond to extracellular signals and this suggests an important role that they have in maintaining homeostasis. Some of these ATFs, such as ATF3, ATF4, and ATF6 are known to play a role in stress responses.[4] Another example of ATFs function would be ATFx that can suppress apoptosis.[5]

Genes include ATF1, ATF2, ATF3, ATF4, ATF5, ATF6, ATF7, ATFx.

## References

[edit]

1. ^ van Dam H, Castellazzi M (2001). "Distinct roles of Jun : Fos and Jun : ATF dimers in oncogenesis". Oncogene. 20 (19): 2453–64. doi:10.1038/sj.onc.1204239. PMID 11402340.
2. ^ Karin M1, Smeal T (1992). "Control of transcription factors by signal transduction pathways: the beginning of the end". Trends Biochem Sci. 17 (10): 418–22. doi:10.1016/0968-0004(92)90012-x. PMID 1455510.`{{cite journal}}`: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
3. ^ "Classification of Human Transcription Factors (TFClass)". Archived from the original on 2014-04-07.
4. ^ Hai, Tsonwin; Hartman, Matthew G. (2001-07-25). "The molecular biology and nomenclature of the activating transcription factor/cAMP responsive element binding family of transcription factors: activating transcription factor proteins and homeostasis". Gene. 273 (1): 1–11. doi:10.1016/S0378-1119(01)00551-0. ISSN 0378-1119. PMID 11483355.
5. ^ Green, M. R.; Persengiev, S. P. (2003-06-01). "The role of ATF/CREB family members in cell growth, survival and apoptosis". Apoptosis. 8 (3): 225–228. doi:10.1023/A:1023633704132. ISSN 1573-675X. PMID 12766482. S2CID 20838853.

## External links

[edit]

* Activating+Transcription+Factors at the U.S. National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)

* v
* t
* e

Tumor suppressor genes and Oncogenes

Ligand|

| Growth factors|

| ONCO|

* c-Sis/PDGF
* HGF

|

Receptor|

| Wnt signaling pathway|

| TSP|

* CDH1

|

Hedgehog signaling pathway|

| TSP|

* PTCH1

|

TGF beta signaling pathway|

| TSP|

* TGF beta receptor 2

|

Receptor tyrosine kinase|

| ONCO|

* ErbB/c-ErbB
* HER2/neu
* Her 3
* c-Met
* c-Ret

|

JAK-STAT signaling pathway|

| ONCO|

* c-Kit
* Flt3

|

Intracellular signaling P+Ps|

| Wnt signaling pathway|

| ONCO|

* Beta-catenin

|

TSP|

* APC

TGF beta signaling pathway|

| TSP|

* SMAD2
* SMAD4

|

Akt/PKB signaling pathway|

| ONCO|

* c-Akt

|

TSP|

* PTEN

Hippo signaling pathway|

| TSP|

* Neurofibromin 2/Merlin

|

MAPK/ERK pathway|

| ONCO|

* c-Ras
* HRAS
* c-Raf

|

TSP|

* Neurofibromin 1

Other/unknown|

| ONCO|

* c-Src

|

TSP|

* Maspin

Nucleus|

| Cell cycle|

| ONCO|

* CDK4
* Cyclin D
* Cyclin E

|

TSP|

* p53
* pRb
* WT1
* p16/p14arf

DNA repair/Fanconi|

| TSP|

* BRCA1
* BRCA2

|

Ubiquitin ligase|

| ONCO|

* CBL
* MDM2

|

TSP|

* VHL

Transcription factor|

| ONCO|

* AP-1
* c-Fos
* c-Jun
* c-Myc

|

TSP|

* KLF6

Mitochondrion|

| Apoptosis inhibitor|

* SDHB
* SDHD

|

Other/ungrouped|

* c-Bcl-2
* Notch
* Stathmin

* v
* t
* e

Transcription factors and intracellular receptors

(1) Basic domains

| (1.1) Basic leucine zipper (bZIP)|

* Activating transcription factor
* AATF
* 1
* 2
* 3
* 4
* 5
* 6
* 7
* AP-1
* c-Fos
* FOSB
* FOSL1
* FOSL2
* JDP2
* c-Jun
* JUNB
* JunD
* BACH
* 1
* 2
* BATF
* BLZF1
* C/EBP
* α
* β
* γ
* δ
* ε
* ζ
* CREB
* 1
* 3
* L1
* CREM
* DBP
* DDIT3
* GABPA
* GCN4
* HLF
* MAF
* B
* F
* G
* K
* NFE
* 2
* L1
* L2
* L3
* NFIL3
* NRL
* NRF
* 1
* 2
* 3
* XBP1

|

(1.2) Basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH)|

| Group A|

* AS-C
* ASCL1
* ASCL2
* ATOH1
* HAND
* 1
* 2
* MESP2
* Myogenic regulatory factors
* MyoD
* Myogenin
* MYF5
* MYF6
* NeuroD
* 1
* 2
* Neurogenins
* 1
* 2
* 3
* OLIG
* 1
* 2
* Paraxis
* TCF15
* Scleraxis
* SLC
* LYL1
* TAL
* 1
* 2
* Twist

|

Group B|

* FIGLA
* Myc
* c-Myc
* l-Myc
* n-Myc
* MXD4
* TCF4

Group C
bHLH-PAS|

* AhR
* AHRR
* ARNT
* ARNTL
* ARNTL2
* CLOCK
* HIF
* 1A
* EPAS1
* 3A
* NPAS
* 1
* 2
* 3
* PER
* 1
* 2
* 3
* Period
* SIM
* 1
* 2

Group D|

* BHLH
* 2
* 3
* 9
* Pho4
* ID
* 1
* 2
* 3
* 4

Group E|

* HES
* 1
* 2
* 3
* 4
* 5
* 6
* 7
* HEY
* 1
* 2
* L

Group F
bHLH-COE|

* EBF1

(1.3) bHLH-ZIP|

* AP-4
* MAX
* MXD1
* MXD3
* MITF
* MNT
* MLX
* MLXIPL
* MXI1
* Myc
* SREBP
* 1
* 2
* USF1

(1.4) NF-1|

* NFI
* A
* B
* C
* X
* SMAD
* R-SMAD
* 1
* 2
* 3
* 5
* 9
* I-SMAD
* 6
* 7
* 4)

(1.5) RF-X|

* RFX
* 1
* 2
* 3
* 4
* 5
* 6
* ANK

(1.6) Basic helix-span-helix (bHSH)|

* AP-2
* α
* β
* γ
* δ
* ε

(2) Zinc finger DNA-binding domains

| (2.1) Nuclear receptor (Cys4)|

| subfamily 1|

* Thyroid hormone
* α
* β
* CAR
* FXR
* LXR
* α
* β
* PPAR
* α
* β/δ
* γ
* PXR
* RAR
* α
* β
* γ
* ROR
* α
* β
* γ
* Rev-ErbA
* α
* β
* VDR

|

subfamily 2|

* COUP-TF
* (I
* II
* Ear-2
* HNF4
* α
* γ
* PNR
* RXR
* α
* β
* γ
* Testicular receptor
* 2
* 4
* TLX

subfamily 3|

* Steroid hormone
* Androgen
* Estrogen
* α
* β
* Glucocorticoid
* Mineralocorticoid
* Progesterone
* Estrogen related
* α
* β
* γ

subfamily 4|

* NUR
* NGFIB
* NOR1
* NURR1

subfamily 5|

* LRH-1
* SF1

subfamily 6|

* GCNF

subfamily 0|

* DAX1
* SHP

(2.2) Other Cys4|

* GATA
* 1
* 2
* 3
* 4
* 5
* 6
* MTA
* 1
* 2
* 3
* TRPS1

(2.3) Cys2His2|

* General transcription factors
* TFIIA
* TFIIB
* TFIID
* TFIIE
* 1
* 2
* TFIIF
* 1
* 2
* TFIIH
* 1
* 2
* 4
* 2I
* 3A
* 3C1
* 3C2

* ATBF1
* BCL
* 6
* 11A
* 11B
* CTCF
* E4F1
* EGR
* 1
* 2
* 3
* 4
* ERV3
* GFI1
* GLI family
* 1
* 2
* 3
* REST
* S1
* S2
* YY1
* HIC
* 1
* 2
* HIVEP
* 1
* 2
* 3
* IKZF
* 1
* 2
* 3
* ILF
* 2
* 3
* Sp/KLF family
* KLF
* 1
* 2
* 3
* 4
* 5
* 6
* 7
* 8
* 9
* 10
* 11
* 12
* 13
* 14
* 15
* 17
* SP
* 1
* 2
* 4
* 7
* 8
* MTF1
* MYT1
* OSR1
* PRDM9
* SALL
* 1
* 2
* 3
* 4
* TSHZ3
* WT1
* Zbtb7
* 7A
* 7B
* ZBTB
* 11
* 16
* 17
* 20
* 21
* 32
* 33
* 40
* zinc finger
* 3
* 7
* 9
* 10
* 19
* 22
* 24
* 33B
* 34
* 35
* 41
* 43
* 44
* 51
* 74
* 143
* 146
* 148
* 165
* 202
* 217
* 219
* 238
* 239
* 259
* 267
* 268
* 281
* 300
* 318
* 330
* 346
* 350
* 365
* 366
* 384
* 423
* 451
* 452
* 471
* 593
* 638
* 644
* 649
* 655
* 804A

(2.4) Cys6|

* HIVEP1

(2.5) Alternating composition|

* AIRE
* DIDO1
* GRLF1
* ING
* 1
* 2
* 4
* JARID
* 1A
* 1B
* 1C
* 1D
* 2
* JMJD1B

(2.6) WRKY|

* WRKY

(3) Helix-turn-helix domains

| (3.1) Homeodomain|

| Antennapedia
ANTP class|

| protoHOX
Hox-like|

* ParaHox
* Gsx
* 1
* 2
* Xlox
* PDX1
* Cdx
* 1
* 2
* 4
* extended Hox: Evx1
* Evx2
* MEOX1
* MEOX2
* Homeobox
* A1
* A2
* A3
* A4
* A5
* A7
* A9
* A10
* A11
* A13
* B1
* B2
* B3
* B4
* B5
* B6
* B7
* B8
* B9
* B13
* C4
* C5
* C6
* C8
* C9
* C10
* C11
* C12
* C13
* D1
* D3
* D4
* D8
* D9
* D10
* D11
* D12
* D13
* GBX1
* GBX2
* MNX1

|

metaHOX
NK-like|

* BARHL1
* BARHL2
* BARX1
* BARX2
* BSX
* DBX
* 1
* 2
* DLX
* 1
* 2
* 3
* 4
* 5
* 6
* EMX
* 1
* 2
* EN
* 1
* 2
* HHEX
* HLX
* LBX1
* LBX2
* MSX
* 1
* 2
* NANOG
* NKX
* 2-1
* 2-2
* 2-3
* 2-5
* 3-1
* 3-2
* HMX1
* HMX2
* HMX3
* 6-1
* 6-2
* NATO
* TLX1
* TLX2
* TLX3
* VAX1
* VAX2

other|

* ARX
* CRX
* CUTL1
* FHL
* 1
* 2
* 3
* HESX1
* HOPX
* LMX
* 1A
* 1B
* NOBOX
* TALE
* IRX
* 1
* 2
* 3
* 4
* 5
* 6
* MKX
* MEIS
* 1
* 2
* PBX
* 1
* 2
* 3
* PKNOX
* 1
* 2
* SIX
* 1
* 2
* 3
* 4
* 5
* PHF
* 1
* 3
* 6
* 8
* 10
* 16
* 17
* 20
* 21A
* POU domain
* PIT-1
* BRN-3: A
* B
* C
* Octamer transcription factor: 1
* 2
* 3/4
* 6
* 7
* 11
* SATB2
* ZEB
* 1
* 2

(3.2) Paired box|

* PAX
* 1
* 2
* 3
* 4
* 5
* 6
* 7
* 8
* 9
* PRRX
* 1
* 2
* PROP1
* PHOX
* 2A
* 2B
* RAX
* SHOX
* SHOX2
* VSX1
* VSX2
* Bicoid
* GSC
* BICD2
* OTX
* 1
* 2
* PITX
* 1
* 2
* 3

(3.3) Fork head / winged helix|

* E2F
* 1
* 2
* 3
* 4
* 5
* FOX proteins
* A1
* A2
* A3
* B1
* B2
* C1
* C2
* D1
* D2
* D3
* D4
* D4L1
* D4L3
* D4L4
* D4L5
* D4L6
* E1
* E3
* F1
* F2
* G1
* H1
* I1
* I2
* I3
* J1
* J2
* J3
* K1
* K2
* L1
* L2
* M1
* N1
* N2
* N3
* N4
* O1
* O3
* O4
* O6
* P1
* P2
* P3
* P4
* Q1
* R1
* R2
* S1

(3.4) Heat shock factors|

* HSF
* 1
* 2
* 4

(3.5) Tryptophan clusters|

* ELF
* 2
* 4
* 5
* EGF
* ELK
* 1
* 3
* 4
* ERF
* ETS
* 1
* 2
* ERG
* SPIB
* ETV
* 1
* 4
* 5
* 6
* FLI1
* Interferon regulatory factors
* 1
* 2
* 3
* 4
* 5
* 6
* 7
* 8
* MYB
* MYBL2

(3.6) TEA domain|

* transcriptional enhancer factor
* 1
* 2
* 3
* 4

(4) β-Scaffold factors with minor groove contacts

| (4.1) Rel homology region|

* NF-κB
* NFKB1
* NFKB2
* REL
* RELA
* RELB
* NFAT
* C1
* C2
* C3
* C4
* 5

|

(4.2) STAT|

* STAT
* 1
* 2
* 3
* 4
* 5
* 6

(4.3) p53-like|

* p53 p63 p73 family
* p53
* TP63
* p73
* TBX
* 1
* 2
* 3
* 5
* 19
* 21
* 22
* TBR1
* TBR2
* TFT
* MYRF

(4.4) MADS box|

* Mef2
* A
* B
* C
* D
* SRF

(4.6) TATA-binding proteins|

* TBP
* TBPL1

(4.7) High-mobility group|

* BBX
* HMGB
* 1
* 2
* 3
* 4
* HMGN
* 1
* 2
* 3
* 4
* HNF
* 1A
* 1B
* SOX
* 1
* 2
* 3
* 4
* 5
* 6
* 8
* 9
* 10
* 11
* 12
* 13
* 14
* 15
* 18
* 21
* SRY
* SSRP1
* TCF/LEF
* TCF
* 1
* 3
* 4
* LEF1
* TOX
* 1
* 2
* 3
* 4

(4.9) Grainyhead|

* TFCP2

(4.10) Cold-shock domain|

* CSDA
* YBX1

(4.11) Runt|

* CBF
* CBFA2T2
* CBFA2T3
* RUNX1
* RUNX2
* RUNX3
* RUNX1T1

(0) Other transcription factors

| (0.2) HMGI(Y)|

* HMGA
* 1
* 2
* HBP1

|

(0.3) Pocket domain|

* Rb
* RBL1
* RBL2

(0.5) AP-2/EREBP-related factors|

* Apetala 2
* EREBP
* B3

(0.6) Miscellaneous|

* ARID
* 1A
* 1B
* 2
* 3A
* 3B
* 4A
* CAP
* IFI
* 16
* 35
* MLL
* 2
* 3
* T1
* MNDA
* NFY
* A
* B
* C
* Rho/Sigma

see also transcription factor/coregulator deficiencies

This protein-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.

|

* v
* t
* e

*[v]: View this template
*[t]: Discuss this template
*[e]: Edit this template