Adirondack Mountains

Mountain range in northeastern New York, United States

For the state park that covers the same area, see Adirondack Park.

Adirondack Mountains

The Adirondack Mountains seen in winter

Highest point
Peak| Mount Marcy
Elevation| 1,629 m (5,344 ft)
Listing|

* Canadian Shield

Coordinates| 44°06′45″N 73°55′26″W﻿ / ﻿44.11250°N 73.92389°W﻿ / 44.11250; -73.92389
Geography

The Adirondack province of the Appalachian Highlands physiographic region, based on USGS classification.

Country| United States
State| New York
Geology
Orogeny| Grenville Orogeny
Age of rock| Tonian

The Adirondack Mountains (/ædəˈrɒndæk/; a-də-RÄN-dak)[1] are a massif of mountains in Northeastern New York which form a circular dome approximately 160 miles (260 km) wide and covering about 5,000 square miles (13,000 km2).[2] The region contains more than 100 peaks, including Mount Marcy, which is the highest point in New York at 5,344 feet (1,629 m). The Adirondack High Peaks, a traditional list of 46 peaks over 4,000 feet (1,200 m), are popular hiking destinations. There are over 200 named lakes with the number of smaller lakes, ponds, and other bodies of water reaching over 3,000. Among the named lakes around the mountains are Lake George, Lake Placid, and Lake Tear of the Clouds. The region has over 1,200 miles (1,900 km) of river.[3]

Although the mountains are formed from ancient rocks more than 1 billion years old, geologically, the mountains are relatively young and were created during recent periods of glaciation. Because of this, the Adirondacks have been referred to as "new mountains from old rocks." It is theorized that there is a hotspot beneath the region, which causes continued uplift at the rate of 1.5–3 centimetres (0.59–1.18 in) annually.[4]

The Adirondack mountain range has such unusual characteristics compared to the area around it that it is divided into its own province within the Appalachian Highlands physiographic division.[5] It is bounded by three other provinces - the St. Lawrence (Champlain) on the north, northeast; the Appalachian Plateau to the south, southwest; and the Valley and Ridge to the southeast.

The entire region lies within Adirondack Park, a New York state protected area of over 6,000,000 acres (2,400,000 ha). The park was established in 1892 by the state legislature to protect the region’s natural resources and to provide recreational opportunities for the public. It covers over 20 percent of New York state's land area.[6]

## Etymology[edit]

The word Adirondack is thought to come from the Mohawk word ha-de-ron-dah meaning "eaters of trees". The earliest written use of the name was in 1635 by Harmen Meyndertsz van den Bogaert in his Mohawk to Dutch glossary, found in his Journey into Mohawk Country. He spelled it Adirondakx and said that it stood for Frenchmen, meaning the Algonquians who allied with the French.[7] Another early use of the name, spelled Rontaks, was in 1729 by French missionary Joseph-François Lafitau. He explained that the word was used by the Iroquois as a derogatory term for groups of Algonquians who did not practice agriculture and therefore sometimes had to eat tree bark to survive harsh winters.[8]

The Mohawks had no written language, so Europeans used various phonetic spellings of the word, including Achkokx, Rondaxe, and Adirondax.[8] Such words were strongly associated with the region, but they were not yet considered a place name; an English map from 1761 labels the area simply Deer Hunting Country. In 1837, the mountains were named Adirondacks by Ebenezer Emmons.[9]

## Human history[edit]

A 1876 map of the Adirondacks, showing many of the now obsolete names for many of the peaks, lakes, and communities

Humans have lived in the region of the Adirondack Mountains since the Paleo-Indian period (15,000 to 7,000 BC), shortly after the last ice age. The first group to move into the area came south from the St. Lawrence River Valley and settled along the shores of the Champlain Sea around 13,000 BC.[10] These Archaic period people, known as the Laurentian culture, were semi-nomadic hunter-gatherers. Evidence for their presence in the Adirondacks includes a projectile point of red-brown chert found in 2007 at the edge of Tupper Lake.[10]

Over the next 11,000 or so years, the region's climate slowly warmed, and forests began to replace the original tundra.[10] Transitioning from the Archaic Period to the Woodland period, multiple different cultures— Sylvan Lake, River, Middlesex, Point Peninsula, and Owasco cultures— replaced the Laurentian culture over time.[11] By the time of the Owasco culture, around 0 AD, maize and beans were being cultivated in the Adirondack uplands.[10]

The first Iroquoian peoples, the Mohawk (or Kanyengehaga) and the Oneida (or Oneyotdehaga), arrived in the Adirondack region between 4,000 and 1,200 years ago. Both groups claimed the Adirondack Mountains as hunting grounds. According to Haudenosaunee historian Rick Hill, the region was considered a 'Dish with One Spoon,' symbolizing shared hunting resources between the groups. A group of Algonquian people, known as the Mahicans, also occupied the region, particularly the Hudson River Valley.[11]

These were the groups that the first European explorers of the area encountered. European presence in the area began with a battle between Samuel de Champlain and a group of Mohawks, in what is now Ticonderoga in 1609. The Jesuit missionary Isaac Jogues became the first recorded European to travel through the center of the Adirondacks, as the captive of a Mohawk hunting party, in 1642.[8]

The early European perception of the Adirondacks was of a vast, inhospitable wilderness. One map of the area from 1771 shows the region as a blank space in the northeastern corner of New York. In 1784, Thomas Pownhall wrote that the Native Americans referred to the area as "the Dismal Wilderness, or the Habitation of Winter," and that the area was "either not much known to them, or, if known, very wisely by them kept from the Knowledge of the Europeans."[12] He clearly had the impression that native people did not live within the Adirondack mountains.[10]

Because local Iroquoian and Algonquian tribes had been decimated first by smallpox and measles in the 1600s, then by wars with encroaching European settlers, there likely were very few people living in the region by the time Pownhall wrote his description. It is only relatively recently that numerous archaeological finds have definitively shown that Native Americans were indeed very present in the Adirondacks before European contact, hunting, making pottery, and practicing agriculture.[10]

The European impression of a wild region devoid of human connection set up a narrative about wilderness that would persist through the next 200-some years of the region's history. While society's perception of the Adirondacks' value changed, they were always seen as a land of natural resources and physical beauty, not of human history.[10] First the area was an inhospitable tangle, then a lucrative store of lumber.[12] After the American Revolutionary War, New York State gained ownership of most of the land in the region.[13]

Needing money to discharge war debts, the government sold nearly all the original public acreage about 7 million acres for pennies an acre. Lumbermen were welcomed to the interior, with few restraints, resulting in massive deforestation.[13] Later, the wilderness character of the region became popular with the rise of the Romantic movement, and the Adirondacks became a destination for those wishing to escape the evils of city life. Rising concern over water quality and deforestation led to the creation of the Adirondack Park in 1885.[12] In 1989, part of the Adirondack region was designated by UNESCO as the Champlain-Adirondack Biosphere Reserve.[14]

For the more recent human history of the Adirondack region, see Adirondack Park.

## Geology[edit]

The rocks of the Adirondack mountains originated about two billion years ago as 50,000 feet (ca. 15,240 m) thick sediments at the bottom of a sea located near the equator.[15] Because of plate tectonics these collided with Laurentia (the precursor of modern North America) in a mountain building episode known as the Grenville orogeny. During this time the sedimentary rock was changed into metamorphic rock. It is these Proterozoic minerals and lithologies that make up the core of the massif. Minerals of interest include:

* wollastonite, mined near Harrisville
* magnetite and hematite, formerly mined at the Benson Mines,[16] Lyon Mountain, Mineville, Tahawus, and Witherbee.
* graphite, mined near Hague and Ticonderoga.
* garnet, mined at the Barton Mine, north of Gore Mountain.
* anorthosite, visible in road cuts on the New York State Route 3 between Saranac Lake and Tupper Lake.[17]
* marble
* zinc: The Balmat-Edwards district on the northwest flank of the massif also in St. Lawrence County was a major zinc ore deposit
* titanium was mined at Tahawus.

Note: the Adirondacks are uplifted by a hot spot in the Canadian Shield in contrast to other mountain ranges in New York which are a part of the Appalachian chain (not to be confused with the cultural region of Appalachia).[18]

Around 600 million years ago, as Laurentia drifted away from Baltica (European Craton), the area began to be pulled apart forming the Iapetus Ocean. Faults developed, running north to northeast which formed valleys and deep lakes. Examples visible today include the grabens Lake George and Schroon Lake. By this time the Grenville mountains had been eroded away and the area was covered by a shallow sea. Several thousand feet of sediment accumulated on the sea bed. Trilobites were the principal life-form of the sea bed, and fossil tracks can be seen in the Potsdam sandstone floor of the Paul Smiths Visitor Interpretive Center.[17]

About 10 million years ago, the region began to be uplifted. It has been lifted about 7000 feet (ca. 2,134 meters) and is continuing at about 2 millimeters per year, which is greater than the rate of denudation. The cause of the uplift is unknown, but geologists theorize that it is caused by a hot spot in the Earth's crust.[17] A recent study has revealed a column of seismically slow materials about 50–80 km deep beneath the Adirondack Mountains,[19] which was interpreted to be the upwelling asthenosphere contributing to the uplift of the mountains. The occurrence of earthquake swarms near the center of the massif at Blue Mountain Lake may be evidence of this. Some of the earthquakes have exceeded 5 on the Richter magnitude scale.

Whiteface Mountain is the fifth-highest mountain in New York, and one of the High Peaks of the Adirondack Mountains.

Starting about 2.5 million years ago, a cycle of Pleistocene glacial and interglacial periods began which covered the area in ice. During the most recent episode, the Laurentide Ice Sheet covered most of northern North America between about 95,000 and c. 20,000 years ago.[20] After this the climate warmed, but it took nearly 10,000 years for a 10,000 feet (ca. 3,048 m) thick layer of ice to completely melt. Evidence of this period includes:

* Eskers: the Rainbow Lake esker bisects the eponymous lake and extends discontinuously for 85 miles (ca. 137 km). Another long discontinuous esker extends from Mountain Pond through Keese Mill, passing between Upper St. Regis Lake and the Spectacle Ponds, and continuing to Ochre, Fish, and Lydia Ponds in the St. Regis Canoe Area. A 150-foot-high esker bisects the Five Ponds Wilderness Area.[21]
* Glacial erratics: there is a large one at the Newcomb Visitor Information Center next to the Rich Lake Trail.
* Kames
* Moraines
* The cirques that characterize the Whiteface Mountain.
* Outwash plains: St. Regis Canoe Area is an outwash plain pitted with kettle holes.

Soils in the area are generally thin, sandy, acidic, and infertile, having developed since the glacial retreat.

## Climate[edit]

The climate is strongly continental, with high humidity and precipitation year-round. The Adirondacks typically experience pleasantly warm, rainy weather in the summer (June–August), with temperatures in the range of 66–73 °F (19–23 °C), cooler than the rest of New York State due to the higher elevation. Summer evenings in the Adirondacks are chilly, with temperatures ranging on average between 45–54 °F (7–12 °C). Winters (December–March) are long, cold, snowy and harsh, with temperatures ranging from 18 to 23 °F (−8 to −5 °C). Winter nights are frigid, with temperatures between −2 and 4 °F (−19 and −16 °C).[citation needed] Spring (April–May) and fall (September–November) are short transitional seasons.

Climate data for Lake Placid, NY. Elevation: 2,054 ft (626 m)

Month  | Jan  | Feb  | Mar  | Apr  | May  | Jun  | Jul  | Aug  | Sep  | Oct  | Nov  | Dec  | Year
Mean daily maximum °F (°C)  | 23.4
(−4.8)  | 24.6
(−4.1)  | 30.7
(−0.7)  | 44.8
(7.1)  | 60.5
(15.8)  | 67.9
(19.9)  | 71.6
(22.0)  | 70.6
(21.4)  | 63.7
(17.6)  | 50.3
(10.2)  | 40.1
(4.5)  | 30.6
(−0.8)  | 50.3
(10.2)
Daily mean °F (°C)  | 17.5
(−8.1)  | 20.6
(−6.3)  | 25.0
(−3.9)  | 38.4
(3.6)  | 49.9
(9.9)  | 58.4
(14.7)  | 62.3
(16.8)  | 61.3
(16.3)  | 54.7
(12.6)  | 44.1
(6.7)  | 34.5
(1.4)  | 23.4
(−4.8)  | 41.4
(5.2)
Mean daily minimum °F (°C)  | 2.9
(−16.2)  | 3.7
(−15.7)  | 15.9
(−8.9)  | 27.9
(−2.3)  | 38.9
(3.8)  | 48.9
(9.4)  | 52.9
(11.6)  | 52.0
(11.1)  | 44.7
(7.1)  | 32.6
(0.3)  | 24.7
(−4.1)  | 13.9
(−10.1)  | 32.4
(0.2)
Average precipitation inches (mm)  | 4.56
(116)  | 3.98
(101)  | 5.31
(135)  | 5.40
(137)  | 5.59
(142)  | 5.79
(147)  | 6.13
(156)  | 5.29
(134)  | 6.22
(158)  | 6.97
(177)  | 5.83
(148)  | 5.22
(133)  | 66.29
(1,684)
Average relative humidity (%)  | 71.1  | 66.2  | 62.4  | 60.1  | 63.8  | 70.4  | 70.8  | 72.8  | 73.0  | 70.7  | 69.9  | 72.0  | 68.6
Average dew point °F (°C)  | 10.7
(−11.8)  | 11.1
(−11.6)  | 16.8
(−8.4)  | 26.5
(−3.1)  | 38.3
(3.5)  | 48.8
(9.3)  | 52.7
(11.5)  | 52.5
(11.4)  | 46.2
(7.9)  | 35.2
(1.8)  | 25.7
(−3.5)  | 15.7
(−9.1)  | 31.7
(−0.2)
Source: PRISM Climate Group[22]

## Ecology[edit]

A spotted turtle at the Wild Center.

The Adirondack Mountains form the southernmost part of the Eastern forest-boreal transition ecoregion.[23] They are heavily forested, and contain one of the southernmost distributions of the taiga ecotype in North America. The forests of the Adirondacks include spruce, pine and deciduous trees. Lumbering, once an important industry, has been much restricted by the creation of state forest preserve.[24]

The mountains include many wetlands, of which there are three kinds:[17]

* swamps, any wetland including trees and shrubs.
* marshes, wetlands with water stagnation. These may support bullfrogs, spring peepers, spotted salamanders, great blue herons, American bitterns, and painted turtles. Pickerel weed often forms large colonies.
* bogs, characterized by plants like sphagnum moss, orchids, and pitcher plants.

Breeding birds include northern forest specialists not found anywhere else in the state, such as boreal chickadees, Canada jays, spruce grouse, black-backed woodpeckers, common loons and crossbills.[25] Mammals include raccoons, beavers, river otters, bobcats, moose, black bears, and coyotes. Extirpated or extinct mammals that formerly roamed the Adirondacks include the eastern cougar, eastern elk, wolverine, caribou, eastern wolf, and the Canada lynx.[26] Attempted reintroductions of elk and lynx in the 20th century failed for numerous reasons, including poaching, vehicle collisions, and conservation incompetence.[27][28]

Nearly 60 percent of the park is covered with northern hardwood forest. Above 2,600 feet (790 meters), conditions are too poor for hardwoods to thrive, and the trees become mixed with or replaced by balsam fir and red spruce. Above 3,500 feet (1,100 meters) black spruce replace red. Higher still, only trees short enough to be covered in snow during the winter can survive.

A small area on the highest peaks exists above the tree line and has an alpine climate. These areas are covered by plants which occupied a large lowland tundra following the most recent period of glaciation. The amount of area covered by this ecosystem changes from year to year due to local climate changes, and has been estimated to only cover between 65–85 acres (26–34 hectares). The alpine ecosystem is considered extremely fragile, and was damaged by hikers prior to a 1970s campaign by the Adirondack Mountain Club to preserve it.[29]

Scenes from the Adirondacks

* The Adirondack Mountains of Upstate New York form the southernmost zone in the Eastern forest-boreal transition ecoregion of North America.

* The hydrologic source of the Hudson River is near or at Lake Tear of the Clouds, a small tarn in the Adirondacks.

* Lake George, one of numerous oligotrophic lakes in the Adirondack region, is nicknamed the Queen of American Lakes.

* Mirror Lake in the Village of Lake Placid in the Adirondacks, site of the 1932 and the 1980 Winter Olympics.

* Lake Flower in the Village of Saranac Lake, nicknamed the Capital of the Adirondacks.

* Big Slide Mountain in the Adirondack High Peaks region.

## References[edit]

1. ^ https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/Adirondack Mountains. Merriam-webster.com
2. ^ The Young people's encyclopedia of the United States. Shapiro, William E. Brookfield, Conn.: Millbrook Press. 1993. ISBN 1-56294-514-9. OCLC 30932823.`{{cite book}}`: CS1 maint: others (link)
3. ^ "Adirondack Mountains". visitadirondacks.com. Retrieved 2023-09-08.
4. ^ "Adirondack Mountains". visitadirondacks.com. Retrieved 2023-09-08.
5. ^ "Physiographic divisions of the conterminous U. S." water.usgs.gov. Retrieved 2023-09-17.
6. ^ "About the Adirondack Park". www.adirondackcouncil.org. Retrieved 2023-09-08.
7. ^ Journey Into Mohawk Country, 1635, Harmen Meyndertsz Van Den Bogaert
8. ^ a b c Sulavik, Stephen B. (2007). Adirondack : of Indians and mountains, 1535–1838. Fleischmanns, N.Y.: Purple Mountain Press. pp. 21–51. ISBN 978-1930098794.
9. ^ Cherniak, D. J. "Ebenezer Emmons (1799–1863)". Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute. Archived from the original on May 27, 2012. Retrieved June 23, 2015.
10. ^ a b c d e f g Stager, Curt (May 2017). "Hidden Heritage" (PDF). Adirondack Life. Retrieved 30 October 2019.
11. ^ a b "Adirondacks: Native Americans". National Park Service. 2019. Retrieved 30 October 2019.
12. ^ a b c Terrie, Philip (1999). Contested Terrain. Syracuse: Syracuse University Press.
13. ^ a b "History of the Adirondack Park". New York State Adirondack Park Agency. Retrieved June 23, 2015.
14. ^ "UNESCO – MAB Biosphere Reserves Directory". www.unesco.org. Retrieved 2016-05-21.
15. ^ "Ancient 'bones' of the Adirondacks". NCPR. Retrieved 2020-11-30.
16. ^ Ridge, J. D. (1968). Ore Deposits of the United States, 1933–1967. New York: The American Institute of Mining, Metallurgical, and Petroleum Engineers, Inc.
17. ^ a b c d Storey, Mike (2006). Why the Adirondacks look the way they do : a natural history (2 ed.). [S.l.]: Storey. p. 22\. ISBN 978-0-9777172-0-0.
18. ^ "Convergent Plate Boundaries—Collisional Mountain Ranges - Geology (U.S. National Park Service)". www.nps.gov. Retrieved 2020-12-01.
19. ^ Yang, Xiaotao; Gao, Haiying (June 6, 2018). "Full-Wave Seismic Tomography in the Northeastern United States: New Insights Into the Uplift Mechanism of the Adirondack Mountains". Geophysical Research Letters. 45 (12): 5992–6000. Bibcode:2018GeoRL..45.5992Y. doi:10.1029/2018GL078438.
20. ^ Dyke, A. S.; Prest, V. K. (1987). "Late Wisconsinan and Holocene History of the Laurentide Ice Sheet". Géographie Physique et Quaternaire. 41 (2): 237–263. doi:10.7202/032681ar.
21. ^ "Sea Serpents in the Adirondacks? You Bet!". Adirondack Almanack. 7 November 2009. Retrieved 2015-07-30.
22. ^ "PRISM Climate Group, Oregon State University". www.prism.oregonstate.edu. Retrieved July 9, 2019.
23. ^ Olson; D. M.; E. Dinerstein; et al. (2001), "Terrestrial Ecoregions of the World: A New Map of Life on Earth", BioScience, 51 (11): 933–938, doi:10.1641/0006-3568(2001)051[0933:TEOTWA]2.0.CO;2.
24. ^ Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Adirondacks" . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 1 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 193.
25. ^ "Breeding Bird 2000-2005 Atlas". www.dec.ny.gov. New York State Department of Environmental Conservation.
26. ^ "Facts About Coyotes In The Adirondacks". Adirondack.net.
27. ^ Omohundro, John; Harris, Glenn R. (2012). An environmental history of New York's north country : the Adirondack Mountains and the St. Lawrence River Valley : case studies and neglected topics (1 ed.). Lewiston, New York: Edwin Mellen Press. pp. 99–111. ISBN 978-0773426283.
28. ^ "Canada Lynx - NYS Dept. of Environmental Conservation". www.dec.ny.gov. Retrieved 2021-07-03.
29. ^ Carlson, Bradley Z.; Munroe, Jeffrey S.; Hegman, Bill (2011). "Distribution of Alpine Tundra in the Adirondack Mountains of New York, U.S.A." Arctic, Antarctic, and Alpine Research. 43 (3): 331–342. doi:10.1657/1938-4246-43.3.331. S2CID 53579861.

## External links[edit]

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* Potic Creek
* Quassaick Creek
* Roeliff Jansen Kill
* Rondout Creek
* Sacandaga River
* Sauquoit Creek
* Saw Kill
* Saw Mill River
* Sawyer Kill
* Schoharie Creek
* Schroon River
* Shawangunk Kill
* Sparkill Creek
* Sprout Creek
* Steele Creek
* Stockport Creek
* Stony Clove Creek
* Taghkanic Creek
* Tenmile Creek
* Tin Brook
* Titicus River
* Verkeerder Kill
* Vloman Kill
* Wallkill River
* Walloomsac River
* Wappinger Creek
* Wawayanda Creek
* West Branch Papakating Creek
* West Branch Sacandaga River
* West Canada Creek
* West Kill
* Wynants Kill

Lakes|

* Alcove Reservoir
* Ashokan Reservoir
* Basic Creek Reservoir
* Beacon Reservoir
* Bog Brook Reservoir
* Cedar Lake
* Chadwick Lake
* Chub Lake
* Cross River Reservoir
* Croton Falls Reservoir
* Dyken Pond
* East Branch Reservoir
* East Caroga Lake
* Fall Lake
* Franklinton Vlaie
* Garnet Lake
* Glenmere Lake
* Great Sacandaga Lake
* Great Vlaie
* Henderson Lake
* Honnedaga Lake
* Indian Lake
* Lizard Pond
* Lake Maratanza
* Muscoot Reservoir
* Lake Neepaulin
* New Croton Reservoir
* Notch Lake
* Piseco Lake
* Lake Pleasant
* Queechy Lake
* Rondout Reservoir
* Sacandaga Lake
* Saratoga Lake
* Sturgeon Pool
* Surprise Lake
* Sylvan Lake
* Lake Tear of the Clouds
* Thompson Pond
* Titicus Reservoir
* Trout Lake
* West Caroga Lake
* Whaley Lake
* Winnisook Lake

Towns|

| New York|

* Albany
* Amsterdam
* Beacon
* Bedford
* Beekman
* Bennington
* Bethlehem
* Blooming Grove
* Briarcliff Manor
* Carmel
* Catskill
* Clifton Park
* Cohoes
* Colonie
* Cortlandt
* East Fishkill
* East Greenbush
* Fishkill
* Glenville
* Gloversville
* Greenburgh
* Guilderland
* Halfmoon
* Herkimer
* Haverstraw
* Hyde Park
* Kingston
* Kirkland
* LaGrange
* Lloyd
* Malta
* Middletown
* Milton
* Monroe
* Montgomery
* Moreau
* Mount Pleasant
* New Castle
* New Hartford
* New Paltz
* New Windsor
* New York City
* Newburgh
* Niskayuna
* North Adams
* Nyack
* Ossining
* Peekskill
* Plattekill
* Poughkeepsie
* Queensbury
* Rome
* Rotterdam
* Saugerties
* Schenectady
* Shawangunk
* Sleepy Hollow
* Somers
* Southeast
* Troy
* Utica
* Wallkill
* Wappinger
* Warwick
* West Point
* Whitestown
* Wilton
* Yonkers
* Yorktown

|

New Jersey|

* Alpine
* Bayonne
* Cliffside Park
* Edgewater
* Englewood Cliffs
* Fort Lee
* Hoboken
* Jersey City
* North Bergen
* Sparta
* Tenafly
* Weehawken
* West New York

Landmarks|

* Adirondack Mountains
* Adirondack Park
* Ashokan Bridge
* Blenheim Bridge
* Buskirk Bridge
* Catskill Mountains
* Champlain Canal
* Cohoes Falls
* Copeland Bridge
* Delaware and Hudson Canal
* Eagleville Bridge
* East River
* Erie Canal
* George Washington Bridge
* Harlem River
* Helderberg Escarpment
* Holland Tunnel
* Hudson Highlands State Park
* Kaaterskill Clove
* Kaaterskill Falls
* Kill Van Kull
* Kingston–Rhinecliff Bridge
* Lincoln Tunnel
* Mid-Hudson Bridge
* Newburgh–Beacon Bridge
* Tappan Zee Bridge (2017–present)
* The Palisades
* Perrine's Bridge
* Plotter Kill Preserve
* Pollepel Island
* Popolopen
* Rexleigh Bridge
* Rip Van Winkle Bridge
* Salisbury Center Bridge
* Schoharie Bridge
* Shushan Bridge
* Statue of Liberty
* Taconic Mountains
* Verkeerder Kill Falls
* Walkway over the Hudson
* Wallkill River National Wildlife Refuge
* West Canada Lake Wilderness Area

* v
* t
* e

Mountains of New York

Adirondack Mountains|

| Dix Range|

* Dix Mountain
* Grace Peak
* Hough Peak
* Macomb Mountain
* South Dix

|

Great Range|

* Armstrong Mountain
* Basin Mountain
* Gothics
* Lower Wolfjaw Mountain
* Saddleback Mountain
* Sawteeth
* Upper Wolfjaw Mountain

MacIntyre Mountains|

* Algonquin Peak
* Iroquois Peak
* Mount Marshall
* Wright Peak

Marcy Group|

* Allen Mountain
* Cliff Mountain
* Gray Peak
* Mount Colden
* Mount Haystack
* Mount Marcy
* Mount Redfield
* Mount Skylight

Street Range|

* MacNaughton Mountain
* Nye Mountain
* Street Mountain

Others|

* Ampersand Mountain
* Azure Mountain
* Baker Mountain
* Bald Mountain (Herkimer County)
* Bald Mountain (Lewis County)
* Belfry Mountain
* Bell Mountain
* Big Slide Mountain
* Bitch Mountain
* Black Mountain
* Blake Peak
* Blue Mountain
* Boreas Mountain
* Cascade Mountain
* Catamount Mountain
* Cathead Mountain
* Coney Mountain
* Couchsachraga Peak
* Crane Mountain
* Debar Mountain
* Dewey Mountain
* Dial Mountain
* Donaldson Mountain
* Dun Brook Mountain
* Esther Mountain
* Fort Noble Mountain
* Giant Mountain
* Goodnow Mountain
* Gore Mountain
* Hadley Mountain
* Hamilton Mountain
* Hurricane Mountain
* Jay Mountain
* Kempshall Mountain
* Loon Lake Mountains
* Lyon Mountain
* Makomis Mountain
* McCauley Mountain
* McKenzie Mountain
* Meenahga Mountain
* Moose River Mountain
* Mount Adams
* Mount Arab
* Mount Colvin
* Mount Electra
* Mount Emmons
* Mount Jo
* Mount McGregor
* Mount Morris
* Mount Pisgah
* Mount Van Hoevenberg
* Nippletop
* Noonmark Mountain
* Ohmer Mountain
* Owls Head Mountain
* Palmer Hill
* Panther Peak
* Phelps Mountain
* Pitchoff Mountain
* Poke-O-Moonshine Mountain
* Porter Mountain
* Prospect Mountain
* Rocky Peak Ridge
* Saint Regis Mountain
* Salmon Lake Mountain
* Santanoni Peak
* Seward Mountain
* Seymour Mountain
* Silver Lake Mountain
* Snowy Mountain
* Spruce Mountain
* Stillwater Mountain
* Swede Mountain
* T Lake Mountain
* Table Top Mountain
* Titus Mountain
* Tomany Mountain
* Vanderwhacker Mountain
* Wallface Mountain
* West Mountain
* Whiteface Mountain
* Whites Hill
* Woodhull Mountain
* Yard Mountain

Catskill Mountains|

| Blackhead Mountains|

* Black Dome
* Blackhead
* Thomas Cole Mountain

|

Burroughs Range|

* Wittenberg Mountain
* Cornell Mountain
* Slide Mountain

Devil's Path|

* Hunter Mountain
* Indian Head Mountain
* Plateau Mountain
* Southwest Hunter Mountain
* Sugarloaf Mountain (Greene County)
* Twin Mountain
* West Kill Mountain

Others|

* Ashland Pinnacle
* Ashokan High Point
* Balsam Cap
* Balsam Lake Mountain
* Balsam Mountain
* Bearpen Mountain
* Big Indian Mountain
* Bramley Mountain
* Bump Mountain
* Chapin Hill
* Doubletop Mountain
* Eagle Mountain
* Evergreen Mountain
* Fir Mountain
* Friday Mountain
* Gallis Hill
* Graham Mountain
* Halcott Mountain
* Huntersfield Mountain
* Irish Mountain
* Kaaterskill High Peak
* The Knob
* Leonard Hill
* Lone Mountain
* Mount Jefferson
* Mount Sherrill
* Mount Tremper
* North Dome
* North Mountain
* Old Clump Mountain
* Overlook Mountain
* Panther Mountain
* Peekamoose Mountain
* Mount Pisgah
* Plattekill Mountain
* Red Hill
* Richmond Mountain
* Richtmyer Peak
* Rocky Mountain
* Rusk Mountain
* Table Mountain
* Tower Mountain
* Twadell Mountain
* Utsayantha Mountain
* Van Loan Hill
* Vly Mountain
* Windham High Peak

Hudson Highlands|

* Anthony's Nose
* Beacon Mountain
* Bear Mountain
* Breakneck Ridge
* Buckberg
* Bull Hill
* Crow's Nest
* Dunderberg Mountain
* Hook Mountain
* Jackie Jones Mountain
* Popolopen
* South Mountain
* Mount Nimham
* Storm King Mountain
* Sugarloaf Mountain (Dutchess County)
* Sugarloaf Hill
* Tallman Mountain

Taconic Mountains|

* Alander Mountain
* Berlin Mountain
* Brace Mountain
* Misery Mountain
* Mount Raimer
* Rounds Mountain
* Washburn Mountain
* White Rock

Others|

* Algerine Hill
* Alma Hill
* Angel Hill
* Badeau Hill
* Bellvale Mountain
* Bristol Mountain (Worden Hill)
* Calder Hill
* Castor Hill
* Clove Mountain
* Cornell Hill
* Cornish Hill
* Crumhorn Mountain
* Cumorah
* Dairy Hill
* Darling Hill
* Dog Hill
* Elliot Hill
* Filer Hill
* Fitch Hill
* Franklin Mountain
* Frost Hill
* Gifford Hill
* Gomer Hill
* Hartzfelt Mountain
* Hawk Hill
* Honey Hill
* Hooker Mountain
* Ingraham Hill
* Jersey Hill
* Joppenbergh Mountain
* Kilkenny Hill
* Klock Hill
* Marlboro Mountains
* McCarty Hill
* Metcalf Hill
* Morgan Hill
* Morrow Mountain
* Mount Colfax
* Mount Defiance
* Mount Irvine
* Mount Peter
* Mount Tuscarora
* Mount Wellington
* Mount Zion
* Noahs Rump
* Page Pond Hill
* Panther Mountain
* Penn Mountain
* Petersburg Mountain
* Pigeon Hill
* Pine Hill
* Pine Mountain
* Ramapo Mountains
* Red House Hill
* Rice Hill
* Round Top (Burlington)
* Round Top (East Winfield)
* Rum Hill
* Schunemunk Mountain
* Science Hill
* Shankley Mountain
* Shawangunk Ridge
* South Hill
* Sproul Hill
* Stone Quarry Hill
* Strain Mountain
* Todt Hill
* Tunnicliff Hill
* Virgil Mountain
* Weaver Hill
* Windham Mountain

Authority control databases

International|

* VIAF

National|

* Germany
* Israel
* United States

Other|

* NARA

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