Admiral

Highest rank of naval officer

For other uses, see Admiral (disambiguation).

Comparative military ranks

| |  Armies,
air forces
(non-Commonwealth)|  Navies,
coast guards|  Air forces
(Commonwealth system)

|
|
|

General officers, Flag officers, Air officers
|  Marshal or
field marshal|  Admiral of the fleet|  Marshal of the air force
|  General or
colonel general or
army general|  Admiral|  Air chief marshal
|  Lieutenant general or
army corps general|  Vice admiral|  Air marshal
|  Major general or
divisional general|  Rear admiral or
counter admiral|  Air vice-marshal
|  Brigadier or
brigadier general|  Commodore or
flotilla admiral|  Air commodore
Senior officers
|  Colonel|  (Ship-of-the-line)
Captain|  Group captain
|  Lieutenant colonel|  Commander or
frigate captain|  Wing commander
|  Major or
commandant|  Lieutenant
commander or corvette captain|  Squadron leader
Junior officers
|  Captain|  Lieutenant|  Flight lieutenant
|  First lieutenant or
lieutenant|  Lieutenant
junior grade or
sub-lieutenant|  Flying officer
|  Second lieutenant or
junior lieutenant|  Ensign or
midshipman|  Pilot officer
Non-commissioned officers
|  Warrant officer or
sergeant major|  Warrant officer or
chief petty officer|  Warrant officer
|  Sergeant|  Petty officer|  Sergeant
|  Corporal or
bombardier|  Leading seaman|  Corporal
Enlisted ranks
|  Lance corporal or
Lance bombardier or
specialist|  Able seaman|  Leading aircraftman or
Air specialist
|  Private or
gunner or
trooper or
sapper|  Seaman|  Aircraftman or
airman or
aviator

* v
* t
* e

Naval officer ranks

Flag officers

* Admiral of the fleet
* Grand admiral
* Admiral
* General admiral
* Vice admiral
* Squadron admiral
* Lieutenant admiral
* Rear admiral
* Admiral-superintendent
* Port admiral
* Counter admiral
* Divisional admiral
* Commodore
* Flotilla admiral
* Schout-bij-nacht

Senior officers

* Captain
* Captain at sea
* Captain of sea and war
* Flag captain
* Fleet captain
* Post-captain
* Ship-of-the-line captain
* Commander
* Frigate captain
* Corvette captain

Junior officers

* Captain lieutenant
* Lieutenant commander
* Lieutenant
* Ship-of-the-line lieutenant
* Frigate lieutenant
* Lieutenant junior-grade
* Sub-lieutenant
* Corvette lieutenant
* Ensign
* Midshipman

* v
* t
* e

Admiral is one of the highest ranks in many navies. In the Commonwealth nations and the United States, a "full" admiral is equivalent to a "full" general in the army or the air force. Admiral is ranked above vice admiral and below admiral of the fleet, or fleet admiral.

## Etymology

[edit]

The word admiral in Middle English comes from Anglo-French amiral, "commander", from Medieval Latin admiralis, admirallus. These evolved from the Arabic amīral (أمير الـ) – amīr (أمير) [ʔmjr] (listenⓘ), "king, prince, chief, leader, nobleman, lord, a governor, commander, or person who rules over a number of people" and al (الـ), the Arabic definite article meaning "the." In Arabic, admiral is also represented as Amīr al-Baḥr (أمير البحر), where al-Baḥr (البحر) means the sea.[1][2][3]

The 1818 edition of Samuel Johnson's A Dictionary of the English Language, edited and revised by the Rev. Henry John Todd, states that the term "has been traced to the Arab. emir or amir, lord or commander, and the Gr. ἄλιος, the sea, q. d. prince of the sea. The word is written both with and without the d, in other languages, as well as our own. Barb. Lat. admirallus and amiralius. V. Ducange. Barb. Græc. ἄμηραλιος. V. Meursii Gloss. Græco-Barbarum, edit. 1610. p. 29. Fr. admiral and amiral. Dan. the same. Germ. ammiral. Dutch, admirael or ammirael. Ital. ammiraglio. Sp. almirante. Minsheu, in his Spanish Dictionary, says 'almiralle is a king in the Arabian language.' Amrayl is used by Robert of Gloucester, in the sense of a prince, or governour."[4]

The quote from John Minsheu's Dictionarie in Spanish and English (1599), given in Johnson's Dictionary, has been confirmed as being accurate.[5] Additionally, the definition of Amīr (أمير), as given in Edward William Lane's Arabic-English Lexicon, concurs, in part, with Minsheu's definition, stating that the term means "One having, holding, or possessing, command; a commander; a governor; a lord; a prince, or king."[3]

While other Greek words of the period existed to indicate "belonging to the sea," or "of the sea," the now obsolete Gr. ἄλιος mentioned in Johnson's Dictionary is expressly defined as "of the sea, Lat. marinus, epith. of sea-gods, nymphs, etc."[6]

Though there are multiple meanings for the Arabic Amīr (أمير), the literal meaning of the phrase Amīr al-Baḥr (أمير البحر) is "Prince of the Sea."[7][8] This position, versus "commander of the sea," is demonstrated by legal practices prevailing in the Ottoman Empire, whereas it was only possible for Phanariots to qualify for attaining four princely positions, those being grand dragoman, dragoman of the fleet, and the voivodees of Moldavia and Wallachia. Those Phanariots who attained the princely position of dragoman of the fleet served under the Ottoman admiral having administration of the Aegean islands and the Anatolian coast.[9]

Modern acknowledgement of the phrase Amīr-al-Baḥr (أمير البحر) meaning "Prince of the Sea" includes a speech made in an official U.S. military ceremony conducted in an Arabic port, and a news article published by an Arabic news outlet: On 24 May 2012, in a change of command ceremony aboard aircraft carrier USS Enterprise (CVN 65), while docked at Khalifa Bin Salman Port, Bahrain, U.S. Marine Corps Gen. James Mattis, Commander, U.S. Central Command, introduced Vice Admiral Mark I. Fox as "Admiral Fox, the prince of the sea, emir of the sea – to translate 'admiral' from the Arabic to English;"[10] On 04 Feb 2021, in an announcement of his coronavirus-related death, the Arabic news website Saudi 24 News referred to Admiral Edmond Chagoury by the title "Prince of the Sea."[11]

One alternate etymology proposes that the term admiral evolved, instead, from the title of Amīr al-Umarāʾ (أمير الأمراء). Under the reign of the Buyid dynasty (934 to 1062) of Iraq and Iran, the title of Amīr al-Umarāʾ, which means prince of princes,[2] came to denote the heir-apparent, or crown prince.

This alternate etymology states that the term was in use for the Greco-Arab naval leaders (e.g. Christodulus) in the Norman-Arab-Byzantine culture of Norman Sicily, which had formerly been ruled by Arabs, at least by the early 11th century. During this time, the Norman Roger II of Sicily (1095–1154) employed a Greek Christian, known as George of Antioch, who previously had served as a naval commander for several North African Muslim rulers. Roger styled George in Abbasid fashion as Amir of Amirs, or Amīr al-Umarāʾ, with the title becoming Latinized in the 13th century as ammiratus ammiratorum.[12]

The Sicilians and later the Genoese took the first two parts of the term from their Aragon opponents and used them as one word, amiral. .[13] The French gave their sea commanders similar titles while in Portuguese and Spanish the word changed to almirante.[14] As the word was used by people speaking Latin or Latin-based languages it gained the "d" and endured a series of different endings and spellings leading to the English spelling admyrall in the 14th century and to admiral by the 16th century.[15][16]

It is important to note that the etymology of a word does not suggest the antiquity of the word as it may have appeared in other languages with entirely different pronunciations. The Greek ναύαρχος, for instance, which is pronounced "naúarkhos", existed from very ancient times in Greece. While ναύαρχος may be defined as "admiral" as used by Plutarch in his Parallel Lives, the very pronunciation of ναύαρχος demonstrates that it is not a part of the etymology for the English word "admiral."

## History

[edit]

The word "admiral" has come to be almost exclusively associated with the highest naval rank in most of the world's navies, equivalent to the army rank of general. However, this was not always the case; for example, in some European countries prior to the end of World War II, admiral was the third highest naval rank after general admiral and grand admiral.[17]

The rank of admiral has also been subdivided into various grades, several of which are historically extinct while others remain in use in most present-day navies. The Royal Navy used the colours red, white, and blue, in descending order to indicate seniority of its admirals until 1864; for example, Horatio Nelson's highest rank was vice-admiral of the white. The generic term for these naval equivalents of army generals is flag officer.[18] Some navies have also used army-type titles for them, such as the Cromwellian "general at sea".[19]

## NATO code

[edit]

While the rank is used in most of NATO countries, it is ranked differently depending on the country.

NATO code  | Country[20] | English equivalent

|
|

UK  | US
OF-9  | Belgium, Bulgaria, Canada, Croatia, Denmark, Estonia, France, Germany, Italy, Montenegro, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovenia, Turkey,  | Admiral | Admiral
OF-8  | Albania, Spain  | Vice admiral | Vice admiral

## Admiral insignia by country

[edit]

* Admiral
Albanian Navy[21][22]

* Almirante
Argentine Navy[23]

* Admiral
Royal Australian Navy[24]

* Admiral
Azerbaijani Navy[25]

* Admiral
Bangladesh Navy[26]

* Admiraal
Amiral
Belgian Navy

* Almirante
Bolivian Naval Force[27]

* Almirante
Brazilian Navy[28]

* Адмирал
Admiral
Bulgarian Navy[29]

* Admiral
Amiral
Royal Canadian Navy[30]

* Almirante
Chilean Navy[31]

* Almirante
Colombian Navy

* Amiral
Navy of DR of Congo

* Admiral
Croatian Navy[32]

* Almirante
Cuban Revolutionary Navy[33]

* Admiral
Royal Danish Navy[34]

* Almirante
Dominican Navy[35]

* Almirante
Ecuadorian Navy[36]

* Admiral
Estonian Navy[37]

* Amiraali
(Swedish: Amiral)
Finnish Navy[38]

* Amiral
French Navy[39]

* Amiral
Gabonese Navy

* Admiral
German Navy[40]

* Admiral
Ghana Navy

* Admiral
एडमिरल
Indian Navy[41]

* Ammiraglio
Italian Navy

* Amiral
Navy of Ivory Coast[42]

* Адмирал
Admïral
Kazakh Naval Forces[43]

* Amiral
Madagascar Navy[44]

* Almirante
Mexican Navy[45]

* Amiral
Montenegrin Navy

* Amiral
Royal Moroccan Navy

* Almirante
Mozambique Naval Command

* Admiral
Nigerian Navy

* Admiral
Royal Norwegian Navy[46]

* Admiral
Pakistan Navy

* Almirante
Paraguayan Navy

* Almirante
Peruvian Navy[47]

* Admiral
Philippine Navy

* Admirał
Polish Navy[48]

* Almirante
Portuguese Navy[49]

* Amiral
Romanian Naval Forces[50]

* Адмирал
Admiral
Russian Navy

* Адмирал
Admiral
Serbian River Flotilla[51]

* Admiral
Slovenian Navy[52]

* Admiral
South African Navy[53]

* Almirante
Spanish Navy[54]

* Admiral
Sri Lanka Navy[55]

* Amiral
Swedish Navy[56]

* Amiral
(Arabic: فريق أول بالبحرية, romanized: Fariq 'awal bialbahria)
Tunisia Navy[57]

* Admiral
Turkmen Naval Forces[58]

* Адмірал
Admiral
Ukrainian Navy[59]

* Admiral
Royal Navy[60]

* Admiral
United States Navy[61]

* Admiral
United States Coast Guard[61]

* Almirante
National Navy of Uruguay[62]

* Almirante
Bolivarian Navy of Venezuela[63]

## National ranks

[edit]

* Admiral (Australia)
* Admiral (Bangladesh)
* Admiral (Canada)
* Admiral (Denmark)
* Admiral (Germany)
* Admiral (India)
* Admiral (Netherlands)
* Admiral (Pakistan)
* Admiral (Russia)
* Admiral of Castile
* Admiral (Sri Lanka)
* Admiral (Sweden)
* Admiral (Ukraine)
* Admiral (United Kingdom)
* Admiral (United States)

## See also

[edit]

* Admiralissimo
* Admiralty
* Comparative military ranks
* Artemisia I, earliest known female admiral in ancient world
* Isabel Barreto, first female admiral in modern world
* Laksamana, native title for naval leaders in Indonesia and Malaysia
* Keumalahayati, earliest female admiral (the first female Laksamana) in modern world
* Nebraska Admiral
* Ranks and insignia of NATO navies' officers

## References

[edit]

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2. ^ a b Catafago, Joseph (1858). An English and Arabic Dictionary, In Two Parts, Arabic and English, and English and Arabic. Bernard Quaritch, Oriental and Philological Bookseller. London. pp. 26, 30, 324.
3. ^ a b Lane, Edward William (1968). Arabic-English Lexicon, in Eight Parts. Part 1. Librairie du Liban. Beirut, Lebanon. p. 97.
4. ^ Johnson, Samuel and H. J. Todd, ed. (1818). "Definition of Admiral." A Dictionary of the English Language in which the words are deduced from their originals; and illustrated in their different significations, by examples from the best writers: together with A History of the Language, and an English Grammar. In Four Volumes. Vol. 1. Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, and Brown. London.
5. ^ Minsheu, John (1599). Dictionarie in Spanish and English. p. 20.
6. ^ Liddell, Henry George and Robert Scott (1883). Greek-English Lexicon. Seventh Edition. Harper & Brothers. New York. p. 62.
7. ^ Khalilieh, Hassan S. (2019). "Glossary of Non-English Terms." Islamic Law of the Sea. Cambridge University Press. Cambridge, UK. p. 11\. ISBN 978-1-108-48145-8.
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36. ^ "Officerer". armada.mil.ec (in Spanish). Ecuadorian Navy. 8 April 2019. Retrieved 28 May 2021.
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38. ^ "Sotilasarvot Puolustusvoimissa". puolustusvoimat.fi (in Finnish). Finnish Defence Forces. Retrieved 26 May 2021.
39. ^ "Instruction n°1 DEF/EMM/RH/CPM relative aux uniformes et tenues dans la Marine du 15 juin 2004" (in French). 15 June 2004. pp. 3793–3867\. Archived from the original on 2007-06-15. Retrieved 4 June 2021.
40. ^ "Dienstgradabzeichen Marine". bundeswehr.de (in German). Bundeswehr. Retrieved 30 May 2021.
41. ^ "Ranks & Insignia". Join Indian Navy. Retrieved 12 April 2021.
42. ^ "GRADES / APPELLATIONS / DISTINCTIONS". defense.gouv.ci (in French). Ministère de la Défense. Archived from the original on 1 October 2022. Retrieved 23 September 2020.
43. ^ "Қазақстан Республикасының Қарулы Күштері, басқа да әскерлері мен әскери құралымдары әскери қызметшілерінің әскери киім нысаны және айырым белгілері туралы". adilet.zan.kz (in Kazakh). Ministry of Justice (Kazakhstan). 25 August 2011. Retrieved 29 May 2021.
44. ^ "LOI N° 96-029 portant Statut Général des Militaires" (PDF). defense.gov.mg (in French). Ministry of Defence (Madagascar). 15 November 1996. p. 2\. Archived from the original (PDF) on July 10, 2021. Retrieved 10 July 2021.
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63. ^ "Grados de Generales y Almirantes". ejercito.mil.ve. Government of Venezuela. 28 August 2017. Archived from the original on 17 July 2019.

## External links

[edit]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Admirals.

* "Admiral" . Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed.). 1911.
* "Admiral" . New International Encyclopedia. 1905.

* v
* t
* e

Military ranks and insignia by country

* List of comparative military ranks

Africa|

* Algeria
* Angola
* Benin
* Botswana
* Burkina Faso
* Burundi
* Cameroon
* Cape Verde
* Central African Republic
* Chad
* Comoros
* DR Congo
* Republic of the Congo
* Djibouti
* Egypt
* Equatorial Guinea
* Eritrea
* Eswatini
* Ethiopia
* Gabon
* Gambia
* Ghana
* Guinea
* Guinea-Bissau
* Ivory Coast
* Kenya
* Lesotho
* Liberia
* Libya
* Madagascar
* Malawi
* Mali
* Mauritania
* Morocco
* Mozambique
* Namibia
* Niger
* Nigeria
* Rwanda
* São Tomé and Príncipe
* Senegal
* Seychelles
* Sierra Leone
* Somalia
* South Africa
* South Sudan
* Sudan
* Tanzania
* Togo
* Tunisia
* Uganda
* Zambia
* Zimbabwe

States with
limited recognition|

* Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic
* Somaliland

Former|

* People's Republic of Angola
* Biafra
* Bophuthatswana
* Ciskei
* Kingdom of Egypt
* Ethiopian Empire
* Katanga
* People's Republic of Mozambique
* Rhodesia
* South West Africa
* Transkei
* Venda
* Zaire

Comparative|

* Army
* Officers
* Enlisted
* Navy
* Officers
* Enlisted
* Air force
* Officers
* Enlisted
* Apartheid States in Southern Africa

Americas|

* Antigua and Barbuda
* Argentina
* Bahamas
* Barbados
* Belize
* Bolivia
* Brazil
* Canada
* Chile
* Colombia
* Cuba
* Dominican Republic
* Ecuador
* El Salvador
* Guatemala
* Guyana
* Haiti
* Honduras
* Jamaica
* Mexico
* Nicaragua
* Paraguay
* Peru
* Saint Kitts and Nevis
* Suriname
* Trinidad and Tobago
* United States
* Officers:
* Army
* Navy
* Air Force
* Coast Guard
* Enlisted:
* Army
* Navy
* Air Force
* Coast Guard
* Other:
* Marine Corps
* Space Force
* Warrant officer
* Opposing forces
* Uruguay
* Venezuela

Former|

* Canada (pre-Unification)
* Confederate States of America
* Union
* Army
* Navy
* Costa Rica
* Republic of Cuba
* Empire of Brazil
* Panama
* Republic of Texas
* Army
* Navy
* United States Army enlisted
* World War I
* World War II

Comparative|

* Army
* Officers
* Enlisted
* Navy
* Officers
* Enlisted
* Air force
* Officers
* Enlisted

Asia|

* Afghanistan
* Bahrain
* Bangladesh
* Bhutan
* Brunei
* Cambodia
* PR of China
* Army
* Navy
* Air Force
* Rocket Force
* Armed Police
* India
* Army
* Air Force
* Navy
* Coast Guard
* Border Roads Organisation
* Paramilitary forces
* Indonesia
* Iran
* Iraq
* Israel
* Japan
* Jordan
* Kazakhstan
* Korea
* North
* South
* Kuwait
* Kyrgyzstan
* Laos
* Lebanon
* Malaysia
* Maldives
* Mongolia
* Myanmar
* Nepal
* Oman
* Pakistan
* Army
* Navy
* Air Force
* Marines
* Civil Armed Forces
* Maritime Security Agency
* Philippines
* Qatar
* Saudi Arabia
* Singapore
* Sri Lanka
* Army
* Navy
* Air Force
* Coast Guard
* Syria
* Tajikistan
* Thailand
* Timor-Leste
* Turkmenistan
* United Arab Emirates
* Uzbekistan
* Vietnam
* Yemen

States with
limited recognition|

* Abkhazia
* Palestine
* South Ossetia
* Taiwan (Republic of China)

Former|

* Artsakh
* China
* Empire
* Republic (1912–1949)
* Dutch East Indies
* East Turkestan (Second Republic)
* People's Republic of Kampuchea
* Imperial Iran
* Imperial Japan
* Army
* Navy
* Korea
* Empire
* Liberation Army
* Kingdom of Laos
* Manchukuo
* Mengjiang
* Mongolian People's Republic
* Vietnam
* State
* South
* South Yemen
* Tibet
* Tuva

Comparative|

* Army
* Officers
* Enlisted
* Navy
* Officers
* Enlisted
* Air force
* Officers
* Enlisted

Europe|

* Albania
* Armenia
* Austria
* Azerbaijan
* Belarus
* Belgium
* Bosnia and Herzegovina
* Bulgaria
* Croatia
* Cyprus
* Czech Republic
* Denmark
* Army
* Navy
* Air Force
* Home Guard
* Estonia
* Finland
* France
* Army
* Navy
* Gendarmerie
* Air and Space Force
* Foresters
* Germany
* Georgia
* Greece
* Hungary
* Iceland
* Land Forces
* Coast Guard
* Ireland
* Italy
* Army
* Navy
* Air Force
* Carabinieri
* Finance Guard
* Latvia
* Lithuania
* Luxembourg
* North Macedonia
* Malta
* Moldova
* Monaco
* Montenegro
* Netherlands
* Norway
* Poland
* Portugal
* Romania
* Russia
* Army
* Navy
* Air Force
* Cossacks
* Between 1994 and 2010
* San Marino
* Serbia
* Slovakia
* Slovenia
* Spain
* Sweden
* Switzerland
* Turkey
* Ukraine
* United Kingdom
* Officers:
* Army
* Navy
* Air Force
* Other:
* Army
* Navy
* Air Force
* Vatican

States with
limited recognition|

* Kosovo
* Northern Cyprus
* Transnistria

Former|

* Albania
* Kingdom
* People's Socialist Republic
* Austria–Hungary
* Army
* Navy
* Bulgaria
* Kingdom
* People's Republic
* Independent State of Croatia
* Czechoslovakia
* German Empire
* Weimar Republic
* Nazi Germany
* Army
* Navy
* Air Force
* East Germany
* Kingdom of Greece
* Army
* Navy
* Air Force
* France
* Napoleonic Grand Army
* Hungary
* Kingdom
* People's Republic
* Italy
* Kingdom
* Social Republic
* Ottoman Empire
* Polish People's Republic
* Republika Srpska
* Romania
* Kingdom
* Socialist Republic
* Russian Empire
* White Movement
* Slovakia (First Republic)
* Soviet Union
* 1918–35
* 1935–40
* 1940–43
* 1943–55
* 1955–91
* Spain
* 2nd Republic
* State
* Yugoslavia
* Kingdom
* Socialist Federal Republic
* Federal Republic

Comparative|

* Army
* Officers
* Enlisted
* Navy
* Officers
* Enlisted
* Air force
* Officers
* Enlisted

Oceania|

* Australia
* Fiji
* New Zealand
* Papua New Guinea
* Tonga
* Vanuatu

Comparative|

* Army
* Officers
* Enlisted
* Navy
* Officers
* Enlisted
* Air force
* Officers
* Enlisted

Language|

| Anglophone|

* Army
* Officers
* Enlisted
* Navy
* Officers
* Enlisted
* Air force
* Officers
* Enlisted

|

Arabophone|

* Army
* Officers
* Enlisted
* Navy
* Officers
* Enlisted
* Air force
* Officers
* Enlisted

Francophone|

* Army
* Officers
* Enlisted
* Navy
* Officers
* Enlisted
* Air force
* Officers
* Enlisted
* Gendarmerie
* Officers
* Enlisted

Hispanophone|

* Army
* Officers
* Enlisted
* Navy
* Officers
* Enlisted
* Air force
* Officers
* Enlisted

Lusophone|

* Army
* Officers
* Enlisted
* Navy
* Officers
* Enlisted
* Air force
* Officers
* Enlisted
* Military police
* Officers
* Enlisted

Post-Soviet states|

* Army
* Officers
* Enlisted
* Navy
* Officers
* Enlisted
* Air force
* Officers
* Enlisted

Commonwealth of Nations|

* Army
* Officers
* Enlisted
* Navy
* Officers
* Enlisted
* Air force
* Officers
* Enlisted

European Union|

* Army
* Officers
* Enlisted
* Navy
* Officers
* Enlisted
* Air force
* Officers
* Enlisted

NATO|

* Army
* Officers
* Enlisted
* Navy
* Officers
* Enlisted
* Air Force
* Officers
* Enlisted

Comparative ranks of

* Star ranking
* WWI
* Officers
* WWII
* Officers
* Women's services
* Marine forces
* Space forces
* Gendarmeries
* UK and US

* v
* t
* e

Star officer grades

* General officer
* Flag officer
* Air officer

By star ranks|

* Six-star rank (proposed)
* Five-star rank
* Four-star rank
* Three-star rank
* Two-star rank
* One-star rank

By titles|

* Generalissimo
* Generalissimo of the Soviet Union
* Supreme Allied Commander
* Admiral of the Navy
* General of the Armies
* Generalfeldmarschall
* Field marshal
* Mareşal
* Marshal of the air force
* Marshal of the Russian Federation
* Marshal of the Soviet Union
* Mushir/Müşir
* Caudillo
* Magister militum
* Spāhbed
* Ispahsalar
* Beylerbey
* Constable of France
* Grand Domestic
* Dux bellorum
* Grand marshal
* Hetman
* Jenderal besar
* Reichsmarschall
* Sardar
* Serasker
* Strategos autokrator
* First marshal of the empire
* Dai-gensui
* Taewonsu
* Wonsu
* Yuan shuai / Da yuan shuai
* Field Marshal / Marshal of Yugoslavia
* Marshal

* v
* t
* e

Highest military ranks

*   * General officer
* Flag officer
* Air officer

Ancient|

* Amir al-umara
* Ataman
* Autokrator
* Beylerbey
* Constable of France
* Domestic of the Schools
* Dux bellorum
* Grand Domestic
* Imperator
* Ispahsalar
* Magister militum
* Megas doux
* Polemarch
* Rigsmarsk
* Sardar
* Serasker
* Shōgun
* Spahbed
* Sparapet
* Hetman

Modern|

* Admiral of the fleet
* Fleet admiral
* Aluf
* Dayuanshuai
* Dai-gensui
* First marshal of the empire
* General of the Air Force
* General of the Armies
* Generalfeldmarschall
* Generalissimo
* Soviet Union
* Generalissimo
* Marshal
* Grand admiral
* Grand marshal
* Chom Thap Thai
* Jenderal besar
* Marshal
* Mareşal
* Field marshal (Iraq)
* Marshal of Italy
* Marshal of the air force
* Marshal of the Mongolian People's Republic
* Marshal of Peru
* Marshal of Poland
* Marshal of Romania
* Marshal of the Russian Federation
* Marshal of the German Democratic Republic
* Field marshal (Uganda)
* Yugoslavia
* Field Marshal
* General (YPA)
* Marshal
* Mushir
* Reichsmarschall
* Supreme Allied Commander
* Taewonsu
* Wonsu
* Yuanshuai
* Marshal

Authority control databases

National|

* Germany
* United States
* Czech Republic
* Israel

Other|

* NARA
* Encyclopedia of Modern Ukraine
* Yale LUX

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