Adoration of the Shepherds (Tzangarolas)

Painting by Stephanos Tzangarolas

Adoration of the Shepherds

Greek: Προσκύνηση των Ποιμένων,
Italian: Adorazione dei Pastori
Artist| Stephanos Tzangarolas
Year| 1688-1700
Medium| tempera on wood
Movement| Heptanese School
Subject| Adoration of the Shepherds
Dimensions| 98 cm × 80 cm (38.6 in × 31.5 in)
Location| National Gallery of Athens, Athens, Greece
Owner| National Gallery of Athens
Website| Official Website

Adoration of the Shepherds is a tempera painting created by Greek painter Stephanos Tzangarolas. The painter was originally from Crete. He was a member of a wealthy Cretan family. He was a teacher and priest. He signed most of his works. He migrated to Corfu. His work period was from 1675 to 1710. He was active during the Greek Baroque period. 22 of his works survived. He was a prominent member of the Heptanese School.[1][2]

Painters of the late Cretan School and the Heptanese School used engravings as inspiration for their works. Cornelis Cort was a Dutch engraver from the Netherlands. He was active in the city of Hoorn. His works were printed in Antwerp. He eventually migrated to Venice. He was associated with the famous Venetian painter Titian. He converted many works into engravings. Cornelis Cort turned one of Federico Zuccari's frescos into an engraving. The fresco was called The Annunciation with Prophets and Music-Making Angels. The fresco was commissioned by the Collegio Romano for the Jesuit church of Santa Maria Annunziata in Rome, but was destroyed in 1626.[3][4][5] It was eventually turned into an engraving. Tzangarola was exposed to the work.

He was inspired by the masterpiece. He created a unique work of art. The artist historically communicated the usage of engravings by integrating the coloration of the actual engravings in his work. The artist intentionally mixed black and white coloration creating a unique grey chrome-like blend of colors. The style is reminiscent of the technique used by Vincenzo Foppa.[6] The figures look as if they are from an engraving. The work of art does not fall into a specific category. It was part of the experimentation of artists belonging to the Heptanese School. The work is part of the collection of the National Gallery of Athens.[7]

## Description

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The materials used for the work were tempera paint, gold leaf, and wood. The height of the work is 98 cm (38.6 in.) and the width is 80 cm (31.5 in.). The painter created a unique work. He imported some of the figures from the Cornelis Cort engraving. Four figures were directly similar. David, Moses, Isaiah and Solomon. There are eight figures total. Starting from the top, three figures appear. From left to right Matthew appears holding a scroll. He is also with his symbol the winged angel. In the center David plays the harp. To the right, John writes the Book of Revelation. His symbol the eagle is also present. In the center, two figures appear slightly below the clouds starting from left to right Moses holds his sacred tablet, and Isaiah peers up at the angels. The final three figures at the bottom are from left to right Luke the Evangelist. He appears holding a scroll. He is seated on a cloud with his symbol the cow. In the center Solomon appears crowned. Finally, in the lower right-hand corner, the patron saint of Venice Mark is present with his symbol the Lion of Venice.[8]

## Gallery

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* Full Adoration of the Shepherds

* Prophets and Music-Making Angels Cort

* Grey Madonna Foppa

## References

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Wikimedia Commons has media related to Adoration of the Shepherds (Tzangarolas).

1. ^ Hatzidakis & Drakopoulou 1997, pp. 426–428.
2. ^ Eugenia Drakopoulou (June 18, 2022). "Tzankarolas Stefanos". Institute for Neohellenic Research. Retrieved June 18, 2022.
3. ^ Mundy, James E.; De Fernandez-Gimenez, Elizabeth Ourusoff (1989). Renaissance Into Baroque : Italian Master Drawings By The Zuccari, 1550-1600. Milwaukee, Wisconsin: Milwaukee Art Museum. p. 166\. ISBN 0944110010.
4. ^ Staff Writers (June 18, 2022). "The Annunciation with Prophets and Music-Making Angels". British Museum. Retrieved June 18, 2022.
5. ^ Staff Writers (June 18, 2022). "Giannis Rigopoulou: The Worship of Shepards and Its Flemish Standards". E-library Parathemata Logoo. Retrieved June 18, 2022.
6. ^ Staff Writers (June 20, 2022). "Madonna and Child". The Met Fifth Avenue. Retrieved June 20, 2022.
7. ^ Marina Lambraki-Plaka (June 18, 2022). "Tzangarolas Stephanos". National Gallery of Athens. Retrieved June 18, 2022.
8. ^ Kalligas 1984, pp. 57–58.

## Bibliography

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* Hatzidakis, Manolis; Drakopoulou, Evgenia (1997). Έλληνες Ζωγράφοι μετά την Άλωση (1450-1830). Τόμος 2: Καβαλλάρος - Ψαθόπουλος [Greek Painters after the Fall of Constantinople (1450-1830). Volume 2: Kavallaros - Psathopoulos]. Athens: Center for Modern Greek Studies, National Research Foundation. hdl:10442/14088. ISBN 960-7916-00-X.

* Kalligas, Marinos (1984). Ελληνες ζωγραφοι στην Εθνικη Πινακοθηκη μια Επιλογη [Greek painters at the National Gallery a Selection]. Athens: Dodoni Publications. pp. 57–58.57-58&rft.pub=Dodoni+Publications&rft.date=1984&rft.aulast=Kalligas&rft.aufirst=Marinos&rft_id=https://books.google.com/books?id=ve1OAAAAYAAJ&q;=%CE%A3%CF%84%CE%AD%CF%86%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%BF%CF%82+%CE%A4%CE%B6%CE%B1%CE%B3%CE%BA%CE%B1%CF%81%CF%8C%CE%BB%CE%B1%CF%82+%CE%A0%CF%81%CE%BF%CF%83%CE%BA%CF%8D%CE%BD%CE%B7%CF%83%CE%B7+%CF%84%CF%89%CE%BD+%CE%A0%CE%BF%CE%B9%CE%BC%CE%AD%CE%BD%CF%89%CE%BD&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Adoration+of+the+Shepherds+(Tzangarolas)" class="Z3988">

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Heptanese school (painting)

Principal proponents|

* Panagiotis Doxaras
* Nikolaos Doxaras
* Nikolaos Kantounis
* Nikolaos Koutouzis
* Nikolaos Kallergis
* Spyridon Ventouras
* Efstathios Karousos

Other artists|

* Andreas Karantinos
* Gerasimos Pitsamanos
* Spyridon Sperantzas
* Stylianos Devaris
* Stylianos Stavrakis
* Demetrios Stavrakis
* Konstantinos Kontarinis
* Ioannis Korais
* Stephanos Tzangarolas
* Ioanni Korai
* Demetrios Nomikos
* Spiridione Roma
* Theodore Poulakis
* Elias Moskos

Outside Ionian Islands|

* Georgios Markou
* Iakovos Moskos
* Dionysios of Fourna
* Makarios
* Georgios Kastrofylakas
* Michael Prevelis
* Ioannis Kornaros
* Emmanuel Skordilis
* Antonios Skordilis
* Christodoulos Kalergis
* Defterevon Sifnios

Major works|

* The Archangel Michael (Poulakis, 1640–1692)
* Constantine and Helen (I. Moskos, 1665–1721)
* The Fall of Man (Poulakis, 1640–1692))
* The Holy Towel (E. Tzanes, 1659))
* Saint Onuphrius  (E. Tzanes, 1662))
* Jacob’s Ladder (E. Moskos, 1664–1666)
* The Miracle of the Holy Belt (Poulakis, 1640–1692))
* Virgin and Child on Bronze (E. Moskos, 1650–1687)
* Noah's Ark (Poulakis, 1660–1692)
* Adoration of the Shepherds (Tzangarolas, 1688–1700)
* Virgin Glykofilousa with the Akathist Hymn (Tzangarolas, 1700)
* The Holy Family (P. Doxaras, 1700)
* Virgin Glykofilousa (Karantinos, 1723)
* Angel Holding the Body of Christ (Kallergis, 1732)
* Vision of Constantine (Stavarkis, 1729–1786)
* Assumption of Mary (N. Doxaras, 1725–1775)
* The Prophet Jonah (Stavrakis, 1750–1800)
* The Deposition from the Cross (Stavrakis, 1729-1786)
* The Holy Trinity (Romas, 1764)
* Entry of Christ into Jerusalem (Karousos, 1780)
* A Scene from the Life of John Chrysostom (Ventouras, 1797)
* Saint Spyridon, John the Baptist, Saint Peter, and Saint George (Koutouzis, 1750–1813)
* Lamentation of Christ  (Kantounis, 1790–1834)

Related|

* Hellenic Institute Venice
* Manolis Hatzidakis
* Institute of Neohellenic Research

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