Advocate-General of Madras

Government advisory to the Madras presidency

The Advocate-General of Madras was charged with advising the Government of the British-administered Madras Presidency on legal matters. The Presidency existed from 1652 to 1950. Prior to 1858, when it was administered by the East India Company, the Advocate-General was the senior law officer of that company and also the Attorney-General of the Sovereign of Great Britain and an ex-officio member of the Madras Legislative Council.

## List of Advocates-General

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### Madras Presidency

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* Alexander Anstruther 1803–?1812
* Sir Samuel Toller 1812–1821
* Herbert Abingdon Draper Compton 1822–1828 [1]
* George Norton 1828–1839 [2]
* W. Bathie 1833–1834 (acting)
* Thomas Sydney Smith 1861–1863
* John Bruce Norton 1863–1868 [3]
* John Dawson Mayne 1868–1872 (acting)
* Henry Stewart Cunningham 1872–1877
* Patrick O'Sullivan 1877–1882
* Hale Horatio Shephard 1885–1887
* James Spring Branson 1887–1897
* V. Bhashyam Aiyangar 1897–1898 (acting)
* Charles Arnold White 1898–1899 (afterwards Chief Justice of Madras, 1899)
* V. Bhashyam Aiyangar 1899–1900 (acting)
* John Edward Power Wallis 1900–1906 (later Chief Justice of Madras, 1914)
* C. Sankaran Nair 1906–1907
* P. S. Sivaswami Iyer 1907–1912
* S. Srinivasa Iyengar 1912–1920
* C. P. Ramaswami Iyer 1920–1923
* C. Madhavan Nair 1923–1924
* T. R. Venkatarama Sastri 1924–1928
* Alladi Krishnaswamy Iyer 1929–1944
* P. V. Rajamannar 1944–1945 (later Chief Justice of Madras, 1948)
* K. Rajah Iyer 1945–1950

### Madras State

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* V. K. Thiruvenkatachari 1950–1964
* N. Krishnaswami Reddy 1964–1966
* Mohan Kumaramangalam 1966–1967

### Tamil Nadu

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* Govind Swaminadhan 1967–1976
* K. Parasaran 1976–1977
* V. P. Raman 1977–1979
* R. Krishnamoorthy 1980–1989
* K. Subramaniam 1991–1994
* R. Krishnamoorthy 1994–1996
* K.V.Venkatapathi 1996–2001
* N. R. Chandran 2001–2006
* R. Viduthalai 2006–2007
* G. Masilamani 2007–2009
* P. S. Raman 2009–2011
* A. Navaneethakrishnan 2011–2013
* A. L. Somayaji 2013–2016
* R. Muthukumarasamy 2016–2017
* Vijay Narayan 2017–2021
* R. Shunmugasundaram 2021–2023

## References

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1. ^ Asiatic Journal, Volume 14. p. 92.
2. ^ The Madras Tercentenary Commemoration Volume. p. 62.
3. ^ "Miscellaneous papers of John Bruce Norton, (1815-83), barrister, Advocate General of Madras". National Archives. Retrieved 30 October 2015.

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Attorneys general of the British Empire and the United Kingdom

Legend
Current territory
Former territory
* Now a Commonwealth realm
Now a member of the Commonwealth of Nations

Europe

* 1175-1921 Ireland
* 1708–1757 Menorca
* Since 1713 Gibraltar
* 1763–1782 Menorca
* 1798–1802 Menorca
* 1800–1813 Malta (Protectorate)
* 1813–1964 Malta (Colony)
* 1807–1890 Heligoland
* 1809–1864 Ionian Islands
* 1878–1960 Cyprus
* 1921–1937 Irish Free State

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* t
* e

North America

| 17th century and before| 18th century| 19th and 20th century

|
|

* 1579 New Albion
* 1583–1907 Newfoundland
* 1605–1979 *Saint Lucia
* 1607–1776 Virginia
* Since 1619 Bermuda
* 1620–1691 Plymouth Colony
* 1623–1883 Saint Kitts *(Saint Kitts & Nevis)
* 1624–1966 *Barbados
* 1625–1650 Saint Croix
* 1627–1979 *Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
* 1628–1883 Nevis *(Saint Kitts & Nevis)
* 1629–1691 Massachusetts Bay Colony
* 1632–1776 Maryland
* since 1632 Montserrat
* 1632–1860 Antigua *(Antigua & Barbuda)
* 1636–1776 Connecticut
* 1636–1776 Rhode Island
* 1637–1662 New Haven Colony

* 1643–1860 Bay Islands
* Since 1650 Anguilla
* 1655–1850 Mosquito Coast (protectorate)
* 1655–1962 *Jamaica
* 1663–1712 Carolina
* 1664–1776 New York
* 1665–1674 and 1702–1776 New Jersey
* Since 1666 British Virgin Islands
* Since 1670 Cayman Islands
* 1670–1973 *Bahamas
* 1670–1870 Rupert's Land
* 1671–1816 Leeward Islands
* 1674–1702 East Jersey
* 1674–1702 West Jersey
* 1680–1776 New Hampshire
* 1681–1776 Pennsylvania
* 1686–1689 Dominion of New England
* 1691–1776 Massachusetts

* 1701–1776 Delaware
* 1712–1776 North Carolina
* 1712–1776 South Carolina
* 1713–1867 Nova Scotia
* 1733–1776 Georgia
* 1762–1974 *Grenada
* 1763–1978 Dominica
* 1763–1873 Prince Edward Island
* 1763–1791 Quebec
* 1763–1783 East Florida
* 1763–1783 West Florida
* 1784–1867 New Brunswick
* 1791–1841 Lower Canada
* 1791–1841 Upper Canada
* Since 1799 Turks and Caicos Islands

* 1818–1846 Columbia District/Oregon Country1
* 1833–1960 Windward Islands
* 1833–1960 Leeward Islands
* 1841–1867 Province of Canada
* 1849–1866 Vancouver Island
* 1853–1863 Colony of the Queen Charlotte Islands
* 1858–1866 British Columbia
* 1859–1870 North-Western Territory
* 1860–1981 *British Antigua and Barbuda
* 1862–1863 Stikine Territory
* 1866–1871 Vancouver Island and British Columbia
* 1867–1931 *Dominion of Canada2
* 1871–1964 British Honduras (*Belize)
* 1882–1983 *Saint Kitts and Nevis
* 1889–1962 Trinidad and Tobago
* 1907–1949 Dominion of Newfoundland3
* 1958–1962 West Indies Federation

* 1\. Occupied jointly with the United States.
* 2\. In 1931, Canada and other British dominions obtained self-government through the Statute of Westminster. See Canada's name.
* 3\. Gave up self-rule in 1934, but remained a de jure Dominion until it joined Canada in 1949.

South America

* 1651–1667 Willoughbyland (Suriname)
* 1670–1688 Saint Andrew and Providence Islands4
* 1831–1966 British Guiana (Guyana)
* Since 1833 Falkland Islands5
* Since 1908 South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands5

* 4\. Now the San Andrés y Providencia Department of Colombia.
* 5\. Occupied by Argentina during the Falklands War of April–June 1982.

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Africa

| 17th and 18th centuries| 19th century| 20th century

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* Since 1658 Saint Helena14
* 1792–1961 Sierra Leone
* 1795–1803 Cape Colony

* Since 1815 Ascension Island14
* Since 1816 Tristan da Cunha14
* 1806–1910 Cape Colony
* 1807–1808 Madeira
* 1810–1968 Mauritius
* 1816–1965 The Gambia
* 1856–1910 Natal
* 1868–1966 Basutoland (Lesotho)
* 1874–1957 Gold Coast (Ghana)
* 1882–1922 Egypt

* 1884–1966 Bechuanaland (Botswana)
* 1884–1960 British Somaliland
* 1887–1897 Zululand
* 1890–1962 Uganda
* 1890–1963 Zanzibar (Tanzania)
* 1891–1964 Nyasaland (Malawi)
* 1891–1907 British Central Africa Protectorate
* 1893–1968 Swaziland
* 1895–1920 East Africa Protectorate
* 1899–1956 Anglo-Egyptian Sudan

* 1900–1914 Northern Nigeria
* 1900–1914 Southern Nigeria
* 1900–1910 Orange River Colony
* 1900–1910 Transvaal Colony
* 1906–1954 Nigeria Colony
* 1910–1931 South Africa
* 1914–1954 Nigeria Colony and Protectorate
* 1915–1931 South West Africa (Namibia)
* 1919–1960 Cameroons (Cameroon)6
* 1920–1963 Kenya
* 1922–1961 Tanganyika (Tanzania)6
* 1923–1965 Southern Rhodesia (Zimbabwe)7
* 1924–1964 Northern Rhodesia (Zambia)
* 1954–1960 Nigeria
* 1979–1980 Southern Rhodesia (Zimbabwe)7

* 6\. League of Nations mandate.
* 7\. Self-governing Southern Rhodesia unilaterally declared independence in 1965 (as Rhodesia) and continued as an unrecognised state until the 1979 Lancaster House Agreement. After recognised independence in 1980, Zimbabwe was a member of the Commonwealth until it withdrew in 2003.

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Asia

| 17th and 18th century| 19th century| 20th century

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* 1652–1950 Madras Presidency
* 1668-1947 Bombay Presidency
* 1685–1824 Bencoolen (Sumatra)
* 1702–1705 Pulo Condore
* 1757–1947 Bengal Presidency (West Bengal (India) and Bangladesh)
* 1762–1764 Manila and Cavite
* 1786–1946 Penang (Malaysia)
* 1795–1948 Ceylon (Sri Lanka)
* 1796–1965 Maldives

* 1812–1824 Banka (Sumatra) and Billiton (Sumatra)
* 1819–1826 British Malaya (West Malaysia and Singapore)
* 1826–1946 Straits Settlements (Malaysia and Singapore)
* 1839–1967 Colony of Aden
* 1839–1842 Afghanistan
* 1841–1997 Hong Kong
* 1841–1946 Kingdom of Sarawak (Malaysia)
* 1848–1946 Labuan (Malaysia)
* 1858–1947 British India (India, Pakistan and Bangladesh, Burma)
* 1874–1963 British Borneo (East Malaysia and Brunei)

* 1879–1919 Afghanistan (protectorate)
* 1882–1963 British North Borneo (Malaysia)
* 1885–1946 Unfederated Malay States
* 1888–1984 Sultanate of Brunei
* 1891–1971 Muscat and Oman protectorate
* 1892–1971 Trucial States
* 1895–1946 Federated Malay States
* 1898–1930 Weihai Garrison
* 1878–1960 Cyprus

* 1907–1949 Bhutan (protectorate)
* 1918–1961 Kuwait protectorate
* 1920–1932 Iraq8
* 1921–1946 Transjordan8
* 1923–1948 Palestine8
* 1945–1946 South Vietnam
* 1946–1963 North Borneo (Malaysia)
* 1946–1963 Sarawak (Malaysia)
* 1946–1963 Singapore
* 1946–1948 Malayan Union
* 1948–1957 Federation of Malaya (Malaysia)
* Since 1960 Akrotiri and Dhekelia (before as part of Cyprus)
* Since 1965 British Indian Ocean Territory (before as part of Mauritius and the Seychelles)

8 League of Nations mandate. Iraq's mandate was not enacted and replaced by the Anglo-Iraqi Treaty

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Oceania

| 18th and 19th centuries| 20th century

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* 1788–1901 New South Wales
* 1803–1901 Van Diemen's Land/Tasmania
* 1807–1863 Auckland Islands9
* 1824–1980 New Hebrides (Vanuatu)
* 1824–1901 Queensland
* 1829–1901 Swan River Colony/Western Australia
* 1836–1901 South Australia
* since 1838 Pitcairn Islands

* 1841–1907 Colony of New Zealand
* 1851–1901 Victoria
* 1874–1970 Fiji10
* 1877–1976 British Western Pacific Territories
* 1884–1949 Territory of Papua
* 1888–1901 Cook Islands9
* 1889–1948 Union Islands (Tokelau)9
* 1892–1979 Gilbert and Ellice Islands11
* 1893–1978 British Solomon Islands12

* 1900–1970 Tonga (protected state)
* 1900–1974 Niue9
* 1901–1942 *Commonwealth of Australia
* 1907–1953 *Dominion of New Zealand
* 1919–1942 Nauru
* 1945–1968 Nauru
* 1919–1949 Territory of New Guinea
* 1949–1975 Territory of Papua and New Guinea13

* 9\. Now part of the *Realm of New Zealand.
* 10\. Suspended member.
* 11\. Now Kiribati and *Tuvalu.
* 12\. Now the *Solomon Islands.
* 13\. Now *Papua New Guinea.

Antarctica and South Atlantic

* Since 1658 Saint Helena14
* Since 1815 Ascension Island14
* Since 1816 Tristan da Cunha14
* Since 1908 British Antarctic Territory15
* 1841–1933 Australian Antarctic Territory (transferred to the Commonwealth of Australia)
* 1841–1947 Ross Dependency (transferred to the Realm of New Zealand)

* 14\. Since 2009 part of Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha; Ascension Island (1922–) and Tristan da Cunha (1938–) were previously dependencies of Saint Helena.
* 15\. Both claimed in 1908; territories formed in 1962 (British Antarctic Territory) and 1985 (South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands).

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