African Americans in Alabama

Ethnic group in Alabama

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|

Ethnic group

African Americans in Alabama

Total population
1,288,159 (2020[1])
Regions with significant populations
Bullock County, Dallas County, Greene County, Hale County, Lowndes County, Macon County, Marengo County, Montgomery County, Perry County, Sumter County, and Wilcox County.[2]
Languages
Southern American English, African American English, African American Vernacular English
Religion
Historically Black Protestant[3]
Related ethnic groups
Black Southerners, Alabama Creole people
Part of a series on

African Americans

History

|  Periods

* Timeline
* Atlantic slave trade
* Abolitionism in the United States
* Slavery in the colonial history of the US
* Revolutionary War
* Antebellum period
* Slavery and military history during the Civil War
* Reconstruction era
* Politicians
* Juneteenth
* Civil rights movement (1865–1896)
* Jim Crow era (1896–1954)
* Civil rights movement (1954–1968)
* Black power movement
* Post–civil rights era

Aspects

* Agriculture history
* Black Belt in the American South
* Business history
* Military history
* Treatment of the enslaved

Migrations

* Great Migration
* Second Great Migration
* New Great Migration

Culture

|  Lifeways

* Dance
* Family structure
* Film
* Folktales
* Music
* Musical theater
* Names
* Neighborhoods
* Newspapers
* Soul food

Schools

* Education during the slave period in the US
* Education of freed people during the Civil War
* History of African-American education, after the Civil War
* Historically black colleges and universities
* Fraternities

Academic study

* Studies
* Art
* Literature

Celebrations

* Martin Luther King Jr. Day
* Black History Month
* Juneteenth
* Kwanzaa

Economic class

* African-American businesses
* Middle class
* Upper class
* Billionaires

Symbols and ideas

* African-American beauty
* Black is beautiful
* Black pride
* African-American hair
* Good hair
* Stepping
* "Lift Every Voice and Sing"
* Self-determination

Religion

|  Institutions

* Black church

Theologies

* Black theology
* Womanist theology

Non-Christian groups

* Hoodoo
* Black Hebrew Israelites
* African-American Jews
* African-American Muslims
* Nation of Islam
* Louisiana Voodoo
* African Diaspora Religions

Politics

|  Organizations

* Congressional Black Caucus
* Joint Center
* National Black Caucus of State Legislators
* National Conference of Black Mayors

Ideologies

* Afrocentrism
* Anarchism
* Back-to-Africa movement
* Black power
* Capitalism
* Conservatism
* Garveyism
* Leftism
* Liberalism
* Nationalism
* Pan-Africanism
* Patriotism
* Populism
* Radicalism
* Socialism

Civic/economic groups

|  Organizations

* Association for the Study of African
American Life and History
* Black conductors
* NAACP
* National Black Chamber of Commerce
* National Council of Negro Women
* National Pan-Hellenic Council
* National Urban League
* TransAfrica
* UNCF

Sports

* Negro league baseball

Athletic associations and conferences

* Central (CIAA)
* HBCU (HBCUAC)
* Mid-Eastern (MEAC)
* Southern (SIAC)
* Southwestern (SWAC)

Sub-communities

|  Multiethnic

* African-American Jews
* Afro-Puerto Ricans
* Alabama Creole people
* Black Indians
* Black Seminoles
* Mascogos
* Blaxicans
* Brass Ankles
* Creoles of color
* Dominickers
* Freedmen
* Great Dismal Swamp maroons
* Louisiana Creoles
* Melungeon
* Carmel
* Redbone

Specific ancestries

* Americo-Liberians
* Creek Freedmen
* Gullah
* Merikins
* Nova Scotians
* Samaná Americans
* Sierra Leone Creole

Sexual orientation

* LGBT community

Dialects and languages

|  English dialects

* African-American English
* African-American Vernacular English
* Liberian English
* Samaná English
* Tutnese

Languages and other dialects

* Gullah
* Afro-Seminole Creole
* Negro Dutch
* Black American Sign Language

Population

|  US states

* Alabama
* Arkansas
* California
* Florida
* Georgia
* Illinois
* Indiana
* Iowa
* Kansas
* Louisiana
* Maryland
* Mississippi
* Nebraska
* New York
* North Carolina
* Ohio
* Oklahoma
* Oregon
* South Carolina
* South Dakota
* Tennessee
* Texas
* Utah
* Virginia

US cities

* Black mecca
* List of neighborhoods
* Atlanta
* Baltimore
* Boston
* Chicago
* Dallas-Fort Worth
* Davenport
* Detroit
* Houston
* Jacksonville
* Kentucky
* Lexington
* Los Angeles
* New York City
* Omaha
* Philadelphia
* San Antonio
* San Francisco

Historic places

* District of Columbia
* Florida
* Georgia
* Mississippi
* Missouri
* Omaha, Nebraska
* North Carolina
* South Carolina
* Texas
* West Virginia

Population count

* US states and territories
* US metropolitan areas
* US cities
* US communities
* Places by plurality of population

Diaspora

* Africa
* Canada
* France
* Ghana
* Israel
* Liberia
* Nova Scotia
* Sierra Leone

Prejudice

|  Racism

* Black genocide
* Race and ethnicity in the US census
* Racism against Black Americans
* Reparations for slavery
* School segregation in the US
* Unarmed African Americans killed by police officers

Stereotypes and media depictions

* Blackface
* Criminal stereotypes
* Hollywood
* Magical Negro
* Minstrel show

* United States portal
* Category
* Index

* v
* t
* e

History of Alabama

* By year
* Pre-statehood
* U.S. Civil War
* Since 1900
* Topics: African-Americans \- Cities \- Politics

United States portal

* v
* t
* e

National African American Archives and Museum in Mobile

African Americans in Alabama or Black Alabamians are residents of the state of Alabama who are of African American ancestry. They have a history in Alabama from the era of slavery through the Civil War, emancipation, the Reconstruction era, resurgence of white supremacy with the Ku Klux Klan and Jim Crow Laws, the Civil Right movement, into recent decades. According to the 2020 Census, approximately 25.8% of Alabama's population is African American.[4]

## History

[edit]

This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (October 2022)

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African slaves were brought to Alabama during the slave trade.[5]

## Business and finance

[edit]

In 1890, The Penny Savings Bank, the first black-owned and black-operated financial institution in Alabama, was founded by William R. Pettiford.[6] In 1997, the 19,077 businesses owned by black people in Alabama generated around $1 billion in revenue and employed 13,232 people. Businesses owned by black people made up 6.7% of all non-farm businesses in Alabama placing Alabama ninth in the United States for the percentage of black businesses.[7]

In 2010, 15% of white Alabamians, which was 487,100, were in poverty while 37% of black Alabamians were in poverty, which was 457,900.[8] In 2013, the median household income in Alabama was $42,849, the average white household income was $49,465 while the black household income was $29,210. The national median household income was $52,250, the average white household income was $55,867 while the black household income was $34,815.[9]

## Entertainment

[edit]

In 1914, the Lyric Theatre was created in Birmingham, Alabama, and was one of the first places in the American South where black and white people saw the same shows although black people were in an isolated section.[6]

During the time of Negro league baseball the Birmingham Black Barons was organized in 1920.[10]

## Population

[edit]

Historical population Census| Pop.| Note| %±

|
|
|

1800| 517| | —
1810| 2,624| | 407.5%
1820| 42,450| | 1,517.8%
1830| 119,121| | 180.6%
1840| 255,571| | 114.5%
1850| 345,109| | 35.0%
1860| 437,770| | 26.8%
1870| 475,510| | 8.6%
1880| 600,103| | 26.2%
1890| 678,489| | 13.1%
1900| 827,307| | 21.9%
1910| 908,282| | 9.8%
1920| 900,652| | −0.8%
1930| 944,834| | 4.9%
1940| 983,290| | 4.1%
1950| 979,617| | −0.4%
1960| 980,271| | 0.1%
1970| 903,467| | −7.8%
1980| 996,000| | 10.2%
1990| 1,020,677| | 2.5%
2000| 1,138,726| | 11.6%
2010| 1,251,311| | 9.9%
2020| 1,288,159| | 2.9%
U.S. Decennial Census[11] 2020[1]
African American family in Alabama

Black slaves arrived in present-day Alabama during the late 18th and early 19th century in the Mississippi Territory. At the time of the 1800 Census there were 517 black people in the Alabama portion of the Mississippi Territory, with 494 slaves and 23 free blacks. By the time of the 1810 Census the population of black people had risen to 2,624, with 2,565 slaves and 59 free blacks.[11]

In 1817, the Alabama Territory was formed from the Mississippi Territory and was later admitted as a state in 1819.[12] The 1820 Census showed that the population of black people had increased by 1,517.8% to 42,450, with 41,879 slaves and 571 free blacks.[11]

In 1808, the importation of slaves was banned, but the external importation of slaves would continue with the last slave ship, Clotilda, bringing slaves into Alabama in 1860.[13] The last three survivors of the Atlantic slave trade, Cudjoe Lewis, Redoshi, and Matilda McCrear, were all brought to Alabama.[14][15]

## Politics

[edit]

### Appointed and elected officials

[edit]

In 1870, Benjamin S. Turner, who was born a slave on March 17, 1825, in Weldon, North Carolina, was elected as Alabama's first black member of the United States House of Representatives. Turner would serve until 1873, as he lost reelection in 1872 due to the black vote being split between himself and independent candidate Philip Joseph allowing Democratic nominee Frederick George Bromberg to win.[16]

In 1870, Jeremiah Haralson, who was born a slave on April 1, 1846, in Columbus, Georgia, was elected as the first black member of the Alabama House of Representatives.[17][18] In 1868, Benjamin F. Royal was elected as the first black member of the Alabama Senate.[19] In 1970, Fred Gray and Thomas Reed became the first black people elected to the Alabama House of Representatives since the end of Reconstruction.[20] In 1992, Sundra Escott-Russell was elected as the first black female member of the Alabama Senate.[19]

In 1947, Oscar W. Adams Jr. established the first black law firm in Birmingham, Alabama, and was later appointed as the first black justice on the Supreme Court of Alabama. U. W. Clemon, who had aided in the Civil rights movement through lawsuit against discriminatory work practices, was appointed as the first black federal judge in Alabama in 1980.[21]

Adams was appointed to the court by Governor Fob James in 1980, and won election in 1982, making him the first black person to win a statewide office in Alabama.[22]

Andrew Hayden, who was elected as the mayor of Uniontown, Alabama, was the first black person to defeat an incumbent white mayor in Alabama.[23] Richard Arrington Jr., who had served on the Birmingham, Alabama city council from 1971 to 1979, was elected as the city's first black mayor in 1979, and took office in 1980.[21] Steven Reed served as the first black probate judge in Montgomery County, Alabama, and was elected as Montgomery, Alabama's first black mayor in 2019.[24]

### Slavery

[edit]

On December 2, 1865, the Alabama Legislature ratified the 13th Amendment to the United States Constitution which abolished slavery.[25]

### Voter registration

[edit]

In 1901, a new state constitution was created for Alabama. When the convention opened John M. Knox, the chairman of the constitutional convention, stated that "[W]hat is it we want to do? Why it is within the limits imposed by the Federal Constitution, to establish white supremacy in this State,". Henry Fontaine Reese, a delegate from Selma, Alabama, stated that "When you pay $1.50 for a poll tax, in Dallas County, I believe you disenfranchise 10 Negroes. Give us this $1.50 for educational purposes and for the disenfranchisement of a vicious and useless class." A poll tax, a literacy test, property requirements, and disqualification for certain criminal convictions were added to the constitution. Following the passage of the constitution black voter registration fell from more than 180,000 in 1900, to less than 3,000 in 1903.[26]

Following the passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 the percentage of black registered voters rose from 13.7% in 1960, to 61.3% by 1969. The highest percentage of voter registration between 1960 and 2004 reached its highest amount with 74.3% in 1998.[27]

Following the passage of the Voting Rights Act of 1965 the United States Department of Justice blocked over one hundred voting policy changes in Alabama from 1969 to 2008, and had over eight hundred changed or withdrawn.[26]

On July 25, 2019, Alabama Secretary of State John Merrill announced that 94% of all eligible Alabamians and 96% all of eligible black people in Alabama were registered to vote.[28] However, according to the United States Census Bureau only 69% of all eligible Alabamians and 67.4% of all black people in Alabama were registered to vote.[26]

## Education

[edit]

The Lincoln Normal School was one of the oldest HBCUs (historically black colleges and universities) in the United States, it was opened two years after the American Civil War in 1867[29] and closed in 1970.

The Burrell Academy was a primary school located in Selma, Alabama, established in 1869.[30] It was the first Black school in the city of Selma, and it burned down in a suspicious fire in 1900.[30] In 1903, the Burrell Academy was rebuilt by the American Missionary Association (A.M.A), which had decided to move the building to Florence, Alabama and rename it the Burrell Normal School.[31]

The Calhoun Colored School, active from 1892 to 1945, was a private boarding and day school for Black students in Calhoun, Lowndes County, Alabama.[32]

## See also

[edit]

* Alabama portal

* History of slavery in Alabama
* African Americans in Mississippi
* Demographics of Alabama
* List of African-American newspapers in Alabama
* Black Belt (region of Alabama)
* Black Southerners

## References

[edit]

1. ^ a b US Census 2020: Alabama
2. ^ "Black Population Up in Alabama, People Reported as Both Black, White More than Doubles, Census Indicates".
3. ^ "Religious Landscape Study".
4. ^ ALABAMA: 2020 Census (Selection: Race by ethnicity, Black or African American alone)
5. ^ "Slavery".
6. ^ a b "A Timeline of Birmingham's Black History". Birmingham Times. February 6, 2020. Archived from the original on August 6, 2020. Retrieved August 6, 2020.
7. ^ "African American-Owned Business in Alabama Generate $1 Billion in Revenues". The Culverhouse College of Business. August 7, 2019. Archived from the original on August 9, 2020. Retrieved August 9, 2020.
8. ^ "Poverty in Alabama". Encyclopedia of Alabama. Archived from the original on August 9, 2020. Retrieved August 6, 2020.
9. ^ "In Alabama, major income gaps between races, genders". Montgomery Advertiser. September 25, 2014. Archived from the original on August 6, 2020. Retrieved August 6, 2020.
10. ^ "The Birmingham Black Barons". Negro Southern League Museum. Archived from the original on August 6, 2020. Retrieved August 6, 2020.
11. ^ a b c "Alabama's population: 1800 to the modern era". AL.com. December 28, 2019. Archived from the original on August 5, 2020. Retrieved August 5, 2020.
12. ^ "What was Alabama like in 1817, when it became a territory?". AL.com. May 18, 2019. Archived from the original on August 5, 2020. Retrieved August 5, 2020.
13. ^ "The 'Clotilda,' the Last Known Slave Ship to Arrive in the U.S., Is Found". Smithsonian. May 22, 2019. Archived from the original on August 5, 2020. Retrieved August 5, 2020.
14. ^ "Alabama woman now thought be last African slave to live in US". AL.com. April 3, 2019. Archived from the original on August 5, 2020. Retrieved August 5, 2020.
15. ^ "'Remarkable' woman discovered as last known survivor of transatlantic slave trade". CNN. March 26, 2020. Archived from the original on August 5, 2020. Retrieved August 5, 2020.
16. ^ "Representative Benjamin Turner of Alabama". United States House of Representatives. Archived from the original on August 6, 2020. Retrieved August 6, 2020.
17. ^ "HARALSON, Jeremiah". United States House of Representatives. Archived from the original on August 6, 2020. Retrieved August 6, 2020.
18. ^ "Alabama man only Congressman ever killed by wild animals". AL.com. March 29, 2019. Archived from the original on August 6, 2020. Retrieved August 6, 2020.
19. ^ a b "Alabama Senate". Encyclopedia of Alabama. Archived from the original on August 6, 2020. Retrieved August 6, 2020.
20. ^ "On this day in Alabama history: First black legislators elected since Reconstruction". Alabama NewsCenter. November 3, 2018. Archived from the original on August 6, 2020. Retrieved August 6, 2020.
21. ^ a b "African American Experience in Birmingham". Birmingham Public Library. Archived from the original on August 6, 2020.
22. ^ "Blacks fare well at Alabama polls, except in statewide races". Birmingham Post-Herald. February 10, 1988. p. B1. Archived from the original on August 19, 2023 - via Newspapers.com.
23. ^ "Andrew Hayden". The Selma Times-Journal. September 15, 1972. p. 1\. Archived from the original on August 6, 2020. Retrieved August 6, 2020 - via Newspapers.com.
24. ^ "Montgomery, Ala., elects its first African American mayor after 200 years". The Washington Post. October 9, 2019. Archived from the original on August 6, 2020. Retrieved August 6, 2020.
25. ^ "Reconstruction Constitutions". Encyclopedia of Alabama. April 7, 2020. Archived from the original on August 5, 2020. Retrieved August 5, 2020.
26. ^ a b c "Alive and Well: Voter Suppression and Election Mismanagement in Alabama". Southern Poverty Law Center. February 10, 2020. Archived from the original on August 5, 2020. Retrieved August 5, 2020.
27. ^ Wayne, Stephen (2008). Parties and Elections in America: The Electoral Process Fifth Edition. Rowman & Littlefield.
28. ^ "Alabama's 3.5 Million Registered Voters Continues to Shatter State Records". Secretary of State of Alabama. July 25, 2019. Archived from the original on August 5, 2020. Retrieved August 5, 2020.
29. ^ "National Register of Historic Places Inventory/Nomination: Phillips Memorial Auditorium". National Park Service. Retrieved September 28, 2023. With accompanying pictures
30. ^ a b "Historic Resource Study of African American Schools in the South, 1865–1900: Burrell Academy and Clark School" (PDF). National Park Service, U.S. Department of the Interior. pp. 202–212\. Archived from the original (PDF) on September 28, 2023.
31. ^ Hartshorn, W. N.; Penniman, George W., eds. (1910). An Era of Progress and Promise: 1863–1910. Boston, MA: Priscilla Pub. Co. p. 151\. OCLC 5343815.
32. ^ Ellis, R.H. (1984). "The Calhoun School, Miss Charlotte Thorn's "Lighthouse on the Hill" in Lowndes County, Alabama". The Alabama Review.

## External links

[edit]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to African Americans in Alabama.

* Black History in Alabama
* African Presence in Alabama
* The Life of the Negro Slave in Alabama

* v
* t
* e

African Americans

History|

* Timeline
* Abolitionism
* African American founding fathers
* Afrocentrism
* American Civil War
* Atlantic slave trade
* Black Codes
* Black cowboys
* Black genocide
* Black Lives Matter
* Brown v. Board of Education (1954)
* Children of the plantation
* Civil Rights Acts
* 1964
* Voting Rights Act of 1965
* 1968
* Civil rights movement 1865–1896
* Civil right movement 1896–1954
* Civil rights movement 1954–1968
* Montgomery bus boycott
* Browder v. Gayle (1956)
* Sit-in movement
* Freedom Riders
* Birmingham movement
* March on Washington
* Freedom Summer
* Selma to Montgomery marches
* Chicago Freedom Movement
* Post–civil rights era
* Cornerstone Speech
* COVID-19 impact
* Dred Scott v. Sandford (1857)
* Free Negro
* Free people of color
* George Floyd protests
* Great Migration
* Second
* New
* Exodusters
* Inauguration of Barack Obama 2009 / Inauguration of Barack Obama 2013
* Jim Crow laws
* Lynching
* Military history
* Million Man March
* Nadir of American race relations
* The Negro Motorist Green Book
* Partus sequitur ventrem
* Plantations
* Plessy v. Ferguson (1896)
* Reconstruction Amendments
* Reconstruction era
* Redlining
* Separate but equal
* Silent Parade
* Slavery
* Treatment of slaves
* Tulsa race massacre
* Underground Railroad
* Women's suffrage movement

Culture|

* Afrofuturism
* Art
* Black mecca
* Businesses
* Dance
* Family structure
* Film
* Folktales
* Hair
* Harlem Renaissance
* New Negro
* Hoodoo
* Juneteenth
* Kwanzaa
* LGBTQ community
* Literature
* Music
* Musical theater
* Names
* Negro National Anthem
* Neighborhoods
* Newspapers
* Soul food
* Stereotypes
* Middle class
* Upper class

Notable people|

* Ralph Abernathy
* Maya Angelou
* Crispus Attucks
* James Baldwin
* James Bevel
* Julian Bond
* Amelia Boynton
* James Bradley
* Carol Moseley Braun
* Edward Brooke
* Blanche Bruce
* Ralph Bunche
* George Washington Carver
* Shirley Chisholm
* Claudette Colvin
* Frederick Douglass
* W. E. B. Du Bois
* Medgar Evers
* James Farmer
* Henry Highland Garnet
* Marcus Garvey
* Fred Gray
* Prathia Hall
* Fannie Lou Hamer
* Kamala Harris
* Jimi Hendrix
* Jesse Jackson
* Ketanji Brown Jackson
* Michael Jackson
* Harriet Jacobs
* Barbara Jordan
* Coretta Scott King
* Martin Luther King Jr.
* Bernard Lafayette
* James Lawson
* Huddie Ledbetter
* John Lewis
* Joseph Lowery
* Malcolm X
* Thurgood Marshall
* Toni Morrison
* Bob Moses
* Diane Nash
* Barack Obama
* Michelle Obama
* Rosa Parks
* Adam Clayton Powell Jr.
* Colin Powell
* Gabriel Prosser
* Joseph Rainey
* A. Philip Randolph
* Hiram Revels
* Paul Robeson
* Al Sharpton
* Fred Shuttlesworth
* Clarence Thomas
* Emmett Till
* Sojourner Truth
* Harriet Tubman
* Nat Turner
* Denmark Vesey
* C. T. Vivian
* David Walker
* Booker T. Washington
* Ida B. Wells
* Roy Wilkins
* Oprah Winfrey
* Andrew Young
* Whitney Young

Education, science
and technology|

* Black studies
* Black schools
* Historically black colleges and universities
* Inventors and scientists
* Museums
* Women
* in computer science
* in medicine
* in STEM fields

Religion|

* African-American Jews
* Islam
* American Society of Muslims
* Nation of Islam
* Black church
* Azusa Street Revival
* Black Hebrew Israelites
* Black theology
* Doctrine of Father Divine

Political movements|

* Anarchism
* Back-to-Africa movement
* Black power
* Movement
* Capitalism
* Conservatism
* Leftism
* Pan-Africanism
* Populism
* Raised fist
* Self-determination
* Nationalism
* Socialism

Civic and economic
groups

* Association for the Study of African American Life and History (ASALH)
* Black Panther Party
* Committee to Eliminate Media Offensive to African People (CEMOTAP)
* Congress of Racial Equality (CORE)
* National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP)
* Nashville Student Movement
* National Black Chamber of Commerce (NBCC)
* National Council of Negro Women (NCNW)
* National Pan-Hellenic Council (NPHC)
* National Urban League (NUL)
* Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC)
* Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC)
* Thurgood Marshall College Fund
* United Negro College Fund (UNCF)
* Universal Negro Improvement Association and African Communities League (UNIA-ACL)

Sports|

* Negro league baseball
* Baseball color line
* Black players in professional American football
* Black NFL quarterbacks
* Black players in ice hockey
* Muhammad Ali
* Arthur Ashe
* Jack Johnson
* Joe Louis
* Jesse Owens
* Jackie Robinson
* Serena Williams

Athletic associations
and conferences

* Central (CIAA)
* Mid-Eastern (MEAC)
* Southern (SIAC)
* Southwestern (SWAC)

Ethnic subdivisions|

* By African descent
* Fula
* Gullah
* Igbo
* Yoruba
* Alabama Creole
* Black Indians
* Black Seminoles
* Cherokee Freedmen
* Choctaw Freedmen
* Creek Freedmen
* Black Southerners
* Blaxicans
* Great Dismal Swamp maroons
* Louisiana Creole
* of color
* Melungeon

Demographics|

* Neighborhoods
* list
* U.S. cities with large populations
* 2000 majorities
* 2010 majorities
* Metropolitan areas
* States and territories

Languages|

* Afro-Seminole Creole
* American Sign
* Black American Sign
* English
* American English
* African-American English
* African-American Vernacular English
* social context
* Gullah
* Louisiana Creole

By state/city|

* Alabama
* Arkansas
* California
* Los Angeles
* San Francisco
* Florida
* Jacksonville
* Tallahassee
* Georgia
* Atlanta
* Hawaii
* Illinois
* Chicago
* Indiana
* Iowa
* Davenport
* Kansas
* Kentucky
* Lexington
* Louisiana
* Maryland
* Baltimore
* Massachusetts
* Boston
* Michigan
* Detroit
* Mississippi
* Nebraska
* Omaha
* New Jersey
* New York
* New York City
* North Carolina
* Ohio
* Cleveland
* Oklahoma
* Oregon
* Pennsylvania
* Philadelphia
* Puerto Rico
* South Carolina
* South Dakota
* Tennessee
* Texas
* Austin
* Dallas–Fort Worth
* Houston
* San Antonio
* Utah
* Virginia
* West Virginia

Diaspora|

* Africa
* Gambia
* Ghana
* Liberia
* Sierra Leone
* America
* Canada
* Dominican Republic
* Haiti
* Mexico
* Trinidad and Tobago
* Israel
* Europe
* France

Lists|

* African Americans
* Activists
* Actors
* Astronauts
* Billionaires
* Journalists
* Jurists
* Mathematicians
* Republicans
* Singers
* Sportspeople
* Spingarn Medal winners
* US cabinet members
* US representatives
* US senators
* Visual artists
* Writers
* African-American firsts
* Mayors
* Sports firsts
* US state firsts
* Historic places
* Index of related articles
* Landmark African-American legislation
* Lynching victims
* Monuments
* Neighborhoods
* Topics related to the African diaspora

* Category
* United States portal

* v
* t
* e

State of Alabama

Montgomery (capital)

Topics|

* Index
* Aviation
* Climate
* Delegations
* Geography
* Geology
* Government
* governors
* History
* National Register of Historic Places
* Mass media
* newspapers
* radio
* TV
* People
* Sports
* Symbols
* Transportation

Society|

* Abortion
* Crime
* Culture
* Demographics
* African Americans
* Economy
* Education
* Elections
* Gun laws
* Homelessness
* LGBT rights
* Politics

Regions|

* North Alabama
* Central Alabama
* South Alabama
* Birmingham District
* Black Belt
* Canebrake
* Cumberland Plateau
* Eastern Shore
* Gulf Coastal Plain
* Piedmont
* Ridge-and-Valley Appalachians
* Tennessee Valley
* Wiregrass

Flora and fauna|

* Amphibians
* Gardens
* Mammals
* Reptiles
* Trees

Largest cities|

* Huntsville
* Birmingham
* Montgomery
* Mobile
* Tuscaloosa
* Hoover
* Auburn
* Dothan
* Decatur
* Madison

Metros|

* Birmingham–Hoover
* Huntsville
* Mobile
* Montgomery
* Tuscaloosa
* Daphne–Fairhope–Foley
* Decatur
* Auburn–Opelika
* Dothan
* Florence–Muscle Shoals
* Anniston–Oxford–Jacksonville
* Gadsden

Counties|

* Autauga
* Baldwin
* Barbour
* Bibb
* Blount
* Bullock
* Butler
* Calhoun
* Chambers
* Cherokee
* Chilton
* Choctaw
* Clarke
* Clay
* Cleburne
* Coffee
* Colbert
* Conecuh
* Coosa
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