African Americans in Georgia

Largest minority in Georgia and second largest ethnic group in Georgia after White Americans

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Ethnic group

African Americans in Georgia

African American children in Georgia

Total population
3,495,258[1] (2017)
Regions with significant populations
Atlanta, Stonecrest, Lithonia, Atlanta metropolitan area, Albany, Columbus, Augusta, Savannah, Macon, Valdosta, Hancock County, Dougherty County, Clayton County, Fulton County, DeKalb County,[2] many rural counties throughout the southwest part of the state
Languages
Southern American English, African American Vernacular English, African-American English, Gullah, African languages
Religion
Historically Black Protestant[3]
Related ethnic groups
White Americans in Georgia
Part of a series on

African Americans

History

|  Periods

* Timeline
* Atlantic slave trade
* Abolitionism in the United States
* Slavery in the colonial history of the US
* Revolutionary War
* Antebellum period
* Slavery and military history during the Civil War
* Reconstruction era
* Politicians
* Juneteenth
* Civil rights movement (1865–1896)
* Jim Crow era (1896–1954)
* Civil rights movement (1954–1968)
* Black power movement
* Post–civil rights era

Aspects

* Agriculture history
* Black Belt in the American South
* Business history
* Military history
* Treatment of the enslaved

Migrations

* Great Migration
* Second Great Migration
* New Great Migration

Culture

|  Lifeways

* Dance
* Family structure
* Film
* Folktales
* Music
* Musical theater
* Names
* Neighborhoods
* Newspapers
* Soul food

Schools

* Education during the slave period in the US
* Education of freed people during the Civil War
* History of African-American education, after the Civil War
* Historically black colleges and universities
* Fraternities

Academic study

* Studies
* Art
* Literature

Celebrations

* Martin Luther King Jr. Day
* Black History Month
* Juneteenth
* Kwanzaa

Economic class

* African-American businesses
* Middle class
* Upper class
* Billionaires

Symbols and ideas

* African-American beauty
* Black is beautiful
* Black pride
* African-American hair
* Good hair
* Stepping
* "Lift Every Voice and Sing"
* Self-determination

Religion

|  Institutions

* Black church

Theologies

* Black theology
* Womanist theology

Non-Christian groups

* Hoodoo
* Black Hebrew Israelites
* African-American Jews
* African-American Muslims
* Nation of Islam
* Louisiana Voodoo
* African Diaspora Religions

Politics

|  Organizations

* Congressional Black Caucus
* Joint Center
* National Black Caucus of State Legislators
* National Conference of Black Mayors

Ideologies

* Afrocentrism
* Anarchism
* Back-to-Africa movement
* Black power
* Capitalism
* Conservatism
* Garveyism
* Leftism
* Liberalism
* Nationalism
* Pan-Africanism
* Patriotism
* Populism
* Radicalism
* Socialism

Civic/economic groups

|  Organizations

* Association for the Study of African
American Life and History
* Black conductors
* NAACP
* National Black Chamber of Commerce
* National Council of Negro Women
* National Pan-Hellenic Council
* National Urban League
* TransAfrica
* UNCF

Sports

* Negro league baseball

Athletic associations and conferences

* Central (CIAA)
* HBCU (HBCUAC)
* Mid-Eastern (MEAC)
* Southern (SIAC)
* Southwestern (SWAC)

Sub-communities

|  Multiethnic

* African-American Jews
* Afro-Puerto Ricans
* Alabama Creole people
* Black Indians
* Black Seminoles
* Mascogos
* Blaxicans
* Brass Ankles
* Creoles of color
* Dominickers
* Freedmen
* Great Dismal Swamp maroons
* Louisiana Creoles
* Melungeon
* Carmel Indians
* Redbone

Specific ancestries

* Americo-Liberians
* Creek Freedmen
* Gullah
* Merikins
* Nova Scotians
* Samaná Americans
* Sierra Leone Creole

Sexual orientation

* LGBT community

Dialects and languages

|  English dialects

* African-American English
* African-American Vernacular English
* Liberian English
* Samaná English
* Tutnese

Languages and other dialects

* Gullah
* Afro-Seminole Creole
* Negro Dutch
* Black American Sign Language

Population

|  US states

* Alabama
* Arkansas
* California
* Florida
* Georgia
* Illinois
* Indiana
* Iowa
* Kansas
* Louisiana
* Maryland
* Mississippi
* Nebraska
* New York
* North Carolina
* Ohio
* Oklahoma
* Oregon
* South Carolina
* South Dakota
* Tennessee
* Texas
* Utah
* Virginia

US cities

* Black mecca
* List of neighborhoods
* Atlanta
* Baltimore
* Boston
* Chicago
* Dallas-Fort Worth
* Davenport
* Detroit
* Houston
* Jacksonville
* Kentucky
* Lexington
* Los Angeles
* New York City
* Omaha
* Philadelphia
* San Antonio
* San Francisco

Historic places

* District of Columbia
* Florida
* Georgia
* Mississippi
* Missouri
* Omaha, Nebraska
* North Carolina
* South Carolina
* Texas
* West Virginia

Population count

* US states and territories
* US metropolitan areas
* US cities
* US communities
* Places by plurality of population

Diaspora

* Africa
* Canada
* France
* Ghana
* Israel
* Liberia
* Nova Scotia
* Sierra Leone

Prejudice

|  Racism

* Black genocide
* Race and ethnicity in the US census
* Racism against Black Americans
* Reparations for slavery
* School segregation in the US
* Unarmed African Americans killed by police officers

Stereotypes and media depictions

* Blackface
* Criminal stereotypes
* Hollywood
* Magical Negro
* Minstrel show

* United States portal
* Category
* Index

* v
* t
* e

Oldest African American church located in Georgia African Americans picking cotton in Georgia, 1907

African-American Georgians are residents of the U.S. state of Georgia who are of African American ancestry. As of the 2010 U.S. Census, African Americans were 31.2% of the state's population.[4] Georgia has the second largest African American population in the United States following Texas.[5] Georgia also has a gullah community.[6] African slaves were brought to Georgia during the slave trade.[7]

## History

[edit]

Part of a series on the

History of the
State of Georgia

* Pre-Columbian
* European Exploration
* Colonial Georgia
* American Revolution
* Antebellum Period
* American Civil War
* Reconstruction
* Postbellum Economic Growth
* Agrarian Unrest and Disfranchisement
* Progressive Era
* Civil Rights Movement
* Sun Belt growth and the New Right
* African Americans

Georgia (U.S. state) portal

* v
* t
* e

African American slaves in 1850

See also: History of Georgia (U.S. state)

Spanish colonists brought African slaves to Georgia in 1526.[8] African slaves imported to Georgia primarily came from Angola, Sierra Leone, and the Gambia.[9] Slaves were also imported from South Carolina and the West Indies.[10] Slaves mostly worked on cotton and rice plantations.[11][12] By the mid-19th century the majority of white people in Georgia, like most White Southerners, had come to view slavery as economically indispensable to their society. Georgia, with the largest number plantations of any state in the Southern United States, had in many respects come to epitomize plantation culture. When the American Civil War started in 1861, most white people in the South joined in the defense of the Confederate States of America (Confederacy), which the state Georgia had helped to create.[13]

Between the years 1751 and 1773, the black population in Georgia grew from around 500 to around 15,000. Slaves from Georgia were also brought to Georgia by South Carolinian and Caribbean owners and those purchased in South Carolina, around 44% black slaves in Georgia were shipped to the colony from West Africa (57%), from or via the Caribbean (37%), and from the other mainland colonies in the United States (6%) in the years between 175s and 1771.[14]

In 1912, White people drove out every black resident in Forsyth County.[15]

Beginning in the 1890s, Georgia passed a wide variety of Jim Crow laws that mandated racial segregation and racial separation for white people in public facilities and effectively codified the region's tradition of white supremacy.[16] Lynching African Americans was also common in Georgia. White mobs would lynch black men.[17]

Georgia became a slave state in 1751.[18] Initially, Georgia was the only British colony in the United States to try to ban slavery.[19]

White slaveholders would frequently beat and sometimes had killed slaves.[20]

### Civil War

[edit]

The Civil War happened in Georgia.[21] African American soldiers fought the Civil War in Georgia.[22]

### Lynching

[edit]

Main article: Lynching in the United States

Many black men were lynched by white mobs in Georgia.[17] Notably, Robert Mallard and Isaiah Nixon, who were both lynched by the Ku Klux Klan for voting in the 1948 Georgia gubernatorial special election.[23]

### Historically black colleges and universities

[edit]

Georgia is the home of ten historically Black colleges and universities (HBCUs): Albany State University, Clark Atlanta University, Fort Valley State University, Interdenominational Theological Center, Morehouse College, Morehouse School of Medicine, Morris Brown College, Paine College, Savannah State University, and Spelman College.[24]

### Politics

[edit]

The historically Republican state of Georgia flipped blue in the 2020 Presidential Election and the 2021 U.S. Senate runoffs, in part, due to high Black voter turnout. Joe Biden won the Black vote in Georgia in a 2020 exit poll with 88% of Black Georgians voting for Biden.[25][26][27]

This shift from red to purple is in part, due to young, college-educated Black Americans, who largely vote for Democrats, moving from Northern and Western regions of the country to the South, in a phenomenon often referred to as the New Great Migration.[28]

### Civil Rights

[edit]

* A.D. King (1930–1969)
* Bernice King (born 1963)
* Dexter King (born 1961)
* John Wesley Dobbs (1882–1961)
* Martin Luther King III (born 1957)
* Martin Luther King Jr. (1929–1968), born and raised in Atlanta, attended Morehouse College and was the first president of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference, both based in the city.[29]
* Martin Luther King Sr. (1899–1984)
* Yolanda King (1955–2007)

### Politics

[edit]

* Clarence Thomas (born 1948)[30]
* Raphael Warnock (born 1969), came to prominence for his activism as a pastor in Atlanta. Warnock is the first African American to represent Georgia in the Senate and the first Black Democrat to be elected to the Senate by a former state of the Confederacy.[31]
* Stacey Abrams (born 1973), two-time Democratic candidate for governor was born in Madison, Wisconsin, but was raised in Gulfport, Mississippi. Moved with her family to Atlanta in 1989.[32]
* Andrew Young[33]

### Music

[edit]

* 112, African American R&B band
* 21 Savage (born 1992), originally claiming to be from Decatur, GA, the rapper was revealed to have been born in Newham, London after being detained by U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) for overstaying his Visa.
* André 3000 (born 1975)
* Big Boi (born 1975)
* Ciara (born 1985)
* Future (born 1983)
* Gladys Knight (born 1944)
* Gucci Mane (born 1980), moved to Atlanta from his birthplace in Bessemer, Alabama with his single mother at age 9.
* James Brown (1933–2006)
* Jeezy (born 1977)
* Kanye West (born 1977), born in Atlanta, moved to Chicago with his mother after his parents' divorce at age 3.[34]
* Kelly Rowland (born 1981), born in Atlanta, moved with family to Houston as a child, where she would go on to form a relationship with a young Beyoncé.
* Keri Hilson (born 1982)
* Lil Baby (born 1994)
* Lil Jon (born 1972)
* Lil Nas X (born 1999)
* Lil Yachty (born 1997)
* Little Richard (1932–2020)
* Ludacris (born 1977)
* Offset (rapper) (born 1991)
* Otis Redding (1941–1967)
* Pastor Troy (born 1977)
* Quavo (born 1991)
* Ray Charles (1930–2004)
* Soulja Boy (born 1990)
* T.I. (born 1980)
* Takeoff (rapper) (1994–2022)
* Usher (born 1978)
* Young Thug (born 1991)
* Bobby V (born 1980)
* Waka Flocka Flame (born 1986)
* CeeLo Green (born 1975)
* Yung Joc (born 1980)
* Lil Scrappy (born 1984)
* Rasheeda
* Quando Rondo (born 1999)
* Silentó (born 1998)

### Sport

[edit]

* Calvin Johnson (born 1985), retired NFL wide receiver.
* Champ Bailey (born 1978), retired NFL cornerback.
* Dwight Howard (born 1985), NBA center who is currently playing in Taiwan for the Taoyuan Leopards.[35]
* Herschel Walker (born 1962), Heisman trophy winner and Republican candidate for U.S. Senate in 2022.[36]
* Jackie Robinson (1919–1972), born in Cairo, Georgia, but was primarily raised in California.[37]
* Jim Brown (born 1936), born in St. Simon's Island, moved to Long Island with his family at age 8.[38]
* Lou Williams (born 1986), retired NBA guard.[39]
* Rock Ya-Sin (born 1996), NFL cornerback for the Baltimore Ravens.
* Sugar Ray Robinson (1921–1989)
* Thomas Davis Sr. (born 1983), retired NFL linebacker
* Tyreek Hill (born 1994), NFL wide receiver for the Miami Dolphins.
* Walt Frazier (born 1945)

### Religious

[edit]

* Wilton Gregory (born 1947), Catholic cardinal

### Film and television

[edit]

* Chris Tucker (born 1971)
* Donald Glover (born 1983), comedian, actor, rapper, writer, director, and producer who created the acclaimed comedy-drama Atlanta along with his brother Stephen.
* Raven-Symoné (born 1985)
* Spike Lee born 1957), born in Atlanta, moved with his family to Brooklyn during childhood. Returned to Atlanta to attend Morehouse College.

### Writing

[edit]

* Delores Phillips (1950–2014)
* Owen Dodson (1914–1983)
* Tayari Jones (born 1970)

### Various

[edit]

* Mary Frances Early

## See also

[edit]

* Georgia (U.S. state) portal

* African Americans in Atlanta
*   * Black Southerners
* Demographics of Georgia (U.S. state)
* Gullah
* History of Georgia (U.S. state)
* History of slavery in Georgia (U.S. state)
* List of African-American historic places in Georgia
* List of African-American newspapers in Georgia

## References

[edit]

1. ^ "Georgia Black Population". blackdemographics.com. Archived from the original on July 25, 2022. Retrieved July 25, 2022.
2. ^ "Monday Mapday: The Distribution of Georgia's Black, Non-Hispanic Residents". February 17, 2020. Archived from the original on December 1, 2022. Retrieved February 3, 2023.
3. ^ "Religious Landscape Study". Archived from the original on June 28, 2022. Retrieved June 12, 2022.
4. ^ "Georgia QuickFacts from the US Census Bureau". Quickfacts.census.gov. 2011. Archived from the original on June 22, 2015. Retrieved January 20, 2014.
5. ^ "The Growing Diversity of Black America". March 25, 2021. Archived from the original on July 24, 2022. Retrieved July 25, 2022.
6. ^ "Gullah History | Gullah Culture". Archived from the original on October 8, 2022. Retrieved October 8, 2022.
7. ^ "Slavery in Antebellum Georgia".
8. ^ "Lucas Vasquez de Ayllon". Today in Georgia History. July 22, 2021. Archived from the original on November 13, 2021. Retrieved November 13, 2021.
9. ^ "Slavery in Colonial Georgia". New Georgia Encyclopedia. Archived from the original on April 27, 2020. Retrieved March 11, 2020.
10. ^ McMillin, James A. (February 3, 2024). The Final Victims: Foreign Slave Trade to North America, 1783-1810. Univ of South Carolina Press. ISBN 978-1-57003-546-3.
11. ^ "A New Encounter: Black Slaves in Georgia". Georgia Historical Society. Archived from the original on June 28, 2022. Retrieved July 9, 2022.
12. ^ "Georgia - Slavery, the Civil War, and Reconstruction | Britannica". Encyclopædia Britannica. Archived from the original on June 23, 2021. Retrieved April 26, 2021.
13. ^ "Georgia - Slavery, the Civil War, and Reconstruction | Britannica". Archived from the original on June 23, 2021. Retrieved April 26, 2021.
14. ^ Wood, Betty (December 2007). Slavery in Colonial Georgia, 1730-1775. University of Georgia Press. p. 103\. ISBN 978-0-8203-3149-2.
15. ^ "In 1912, This Georgia County Drove Out Every Black Resident | HISTORY". August 20, 2019. Archived from the original on January 26, 2023. Retrieved January 26, 2023.
16. ^ "Segregation". Archived from the original on January 26, 2023. Retrieved January 26, 2023.
17. ^ a b "Lynching".
18. ^ "Pre-Revolutionary Slavery - Georgia Historical Society". August 1, 2013.
19. ^ "Slavery in Colonial Georgia, 1730–1775".
20. ^ "Enslavement in Georgia". Race and Reckoning in Forsyth County - Stories of Life in Georgia - Digital Library of Georgia. February 8, 2021. Retrieved December 27, 2023.
21. ^ "Civil War in Georgia".
22. ^ "Black Troops in Civil War Georgia".
23. ^ Congress (U.S.), Civil Rights (1952). We Charge Genocide: The Historic Petition to the United Nations for Relief from a Crime of the United States Government Against the Negro People. International Publishers.
24. ^ "Historically Black Colleges and Universities Initiative". Archived from the original on October 14, 2022. Retrieved October 13, 2022.
25. ^ Mayes, Brittany; Shapiro, Leslie; Alcantara, Chris; Clement, Scott; Guskin, Emily (November 9, 2020) [2020-11-02]. "Exit poll results and analysis for the 2020 presidential election". The Washington Post. Washington, D.C. ISSN 0190-8286. OCLC 1330888409. Archived from the original on December 11, 2022. Retrieved July 25, 2022.
26. ^ "Most Georgia voters say Senate runoff elections conducted fairly, CNN exit poll shows". CNN. January 5, 2021. Archived from the original on October 13, 2022. Retrieved October 13, 2022.
27. ^ "SNBC News Exit Poll: Black, liberal voters boost Warnock to projected Senate win in Georgia". NBC News. January 6, 2021. Archived from the original on October 13, 2022. Retrieved October 13, 2022.
28. ^ "A 'New Great Migration' is bringing Black Americans back to the South".
29. ^ "Georgia: Martin Luther King Jr. National Historic Site (U.S. National Park Service)". Archived from the original on October 15, 2022. Retrieved October 15, 2022.
30. ^ "Clarence Thomas". Oyez. Archived from the original on December 15, 2022. Retrieved December 23, 2022.
31. ^ "U.S. Senate: U.S. Senator Raphael Warnock". Archived from the original on October 15, 2022. Retrieved October 15, 2022.
32. ^ "Georgia's Daring Heroine on a Secret Mission". Archived from the original on December 22, 2017. Retrieved October 15, 2022.
33. ^ "Library Research Guides: African American History: Georgia- Prominent African American History Makers".
34. ^ "Kanye West Biography, Songs, & Albums". AllMusic. Archived from the original on September 29, 2020. Retrieved October 15, 2022.
35. ^ "8-time All-Star Dwight Howard pondering retirement: 'No teams want to allow me to play'". October 16, 2022. Archived from the original on October 18, 2022. Retrieved October 18, 2022.
36. ^ "Herschel Walker". Archived from the original on October 15, 2022. Retrieved October 15, 2022.
37. ^ "Biography - the Official Licensing Website of Jackie Robinson". Archived from the original on October 15, 2022. Retrieved October 15, 2022.
38. ^ Holden, Stephen (March 22, 2002). "FILM REVIEW; Jim Brown as Football Legend, Sex Symbol and Husband". The New York Times. Archived from the original on October 15, 2022. Retrieved October 15, 2022.
39. ^ "Legendary sixth man Lou Williams officially announces retirement". NBC Sports. June 18, 2023.

## Further reading

[edit]

* Bacote, Clarence A. "Some aspects of negro life in Georgia, 1880-1908." Journal of Negro History 43.3 (1958): 186–213. online
* Bacote, Clarence A. "Negro proscriptions, protests, and proposed solutions in Georgia, 1880-1908." Journal of Southern History 25.4 (1959): 471–498. online
* Bernd, Joseph L. "White supremacy and the disfranchisement of Blacks in Georgia, 1946." Georgia Historical Quarterly 66.4 (1982): 492–513. online
* Blassingame, John W. "Before the Ghetto: The Making of the Black Community in Savannah, Georgia, 1865-1880." Journal of Social History 6#4 (1973), pp. 463–88. ]online
* Dittmer, John. Black Georgia in the Progressive Era, 1900-1920 (University of Illinois Press, 1980).
* Drago, Edmund L. Black politicians and reconstruction in Georgia: A splendid failure (University of Georgia Press, 1992) online.
* Fischer, David Hackett. African Founders: How Enslaved People Expanded American Ideals (Simon & Schuster, 2022), ch 5. before 1860.
* Flynn Jr, Charles L. White land, Black labor: Caste and class in late nineteenth-century Georgia (LSU Press, 1999).
* Grant, Donald Lee. The way it was in the South: The Black experience in Georgia (University of Georgia Press, 2001).
* Grantham, Dewey W. "Georgia Politics and the Disfranchisement of the Negro." Georgia Historical Quarterly 32.1 (1948): 1-21. online
* Hornsby, Alton. "Black Public Education in Atlanta, Georgia, 1954-1973: From Segregation to Segregation." Journal of Negro History 76#1 (1991), pp. 21–47. online
* Inscoe, John C., ed. Georgia in Black and White: Explorations in Race Relations of a Southern State, 1865-1950 (University of Georgia Press, 2009).
* Jones, Jacqueline. Soldiers of light and love: Northern teachers and Georgia Blacks, 1865-1873 (University of Georgia Press, 1992) online.
* Meier, August, and David Lewis. "History of the Negro upper class in Atlanta, Georgia, 1890-1958." Journal of Negro Education 28.2 (1959): 128–139. online
* Matthews, John M. "Black Newspapermen and the Black Community in Georgia, 1890-1930." Georgia Historical Quarterly 68#3 (1984), pp. 356–81. online
* Range, Willard. The rise and progress of Negro colleges in Georgia, 1865-1949 (University of Georgia Press, 2009).
* Wood, Betty. Slavery In Colonial Georgia, 1730–1775 (2007) online
* Wood, Betty. Women's Work, Men's Work: The Informal Slave Economies of Lowcountry Georgia, 1750-1830 (1995) excerpt.

## Further reading

[edit]

* WRIGHT, C. T. "THE DEVELOPMENT OF EDUCATION FOR BLACKS IN GEORGIA, 1865-1900" (PhD dissertation, Boston University Graduate School; ProQuest Dissertations Publishing, 1977. 7711433).

## External links

[edit]

* African Americans in Georgia: A Reflection of Politics and Policy in the New South
* African Presence in Georgia
* Georgia African American History and Culture
* Georgia in Black and White: Explorations in Race Relations of a Southern State, 1865-1950
* Slavery in Colonial Georgia
* White Supremacy and the Disfranchisement of Blacks in Georgia, 1946
* Segregation - New Georgia Encyclopedia

Wikimedia Commons has media related to African Americans in Georgia (U.S. state).

* v
* t
* e

African Americans

History|

* Timeline
* Abolitionism
* African American founding fathers
* Afrocentrism
* American Civil War
* Atlantic slave trade
* Black Codes
* Black cowboys
* Black genocide
* Black Lives Matter
* Brown v. Board of Education (1954)
* Children of the plantation
* Civil Rights Acts
* 1964
* Voting Rights Act of 1965
* 1968
* Civil rights movement 1865–1896
* Civil right movement 1896–1954
* Civil rights movement 1954–1968
* Montgomery bus boycott
* Browder v. Gayle (1956)
* Sit-in movement
* Freedom Riders
* Birmingham movement
* March on Washington
* Freedom Summer
* Selma to Montgomery marches
* Chicago Freedom Movement
* Post–civil rights era
* Cornerstone Speech
* COVID-19 impact
* Dred Scott v. Sandford (1857)
* Free Negro
* Free people of color
* George Floyd protests
* Great Migration
* Second
* New
* Exodusters
* Inauguration of Barack Obama 2009 / Inauguration of Barack Obama 2013
* Jim Crow laws
* Lynching
* Military history
* Million Man March
* Nadir of American race relations
* The Negro Motorist Green Book
* Partus sequitur ventrem
* Plantations
* Plessy v. Ferguson (1896)
* Reconstruction Amendments
* Reconstruction era
* Redlining
* Separate but equal
* Silent Parade
* Slavery
* Treatment of slaves
* Tulsa race massacre
* Underground Railroad
* Women's suffrage movement

Culture|

* Afrofuturism
* Art
* Black mecca
* Businesses
* Dance
* Family structure
* Film
* Folktales
* Hair
* Harlem Renaissance
* New Negro
* Hoodoo
* Juneteenth
* Kwanzaa
* LGBTQ community
* Literature
* Music
* Musical theater
* Names
* Negro National Anthem
* Neighborhoods
* Newspapers
* Soul food
* Stereotypes
* Middle class
* Upper class

Notable people|

* Ralph Abernathy
* Maya Angelou
* Crispus Attucks
* James Baldwin
* James Bevel
* Julian Bond
* Amelia Boynton
* James Bradley
* Carol Moseley Braun
* Edward Brooke
* Blanche Bruce
* Ralph Bunche
* George Washington Carver
* Shirley Chisholm
* Claudette Colvin
* Frederick Douglass
* W. E. B. Du Bois
* Medgar Evers
* James Farmer
* Henry Highland Garnet
* Marcus Garvey
* Fred Gray
* Prathia Hall
* Fannie Lou Hamer
* Kamala Harris
* Jimi Hendrix
* Jesse Jackson
* Ketanji Brown Jackson
* Michael Jackson
* Harriet Jacobs
* Barbara Jordan
* Coretta Scott King
* Martin Luther King Jr.
* Bernard Lafayette
* James Lawson
* Huddie Ledbetter
* John Lewis
* Joseph Lowery
* Malcolm X
* Thurgood Marshall
* Toni Morrison
* Bob Moses
* Diane Nash
* Barack Obama
* Michelle Obama
* Rosa Parks
* Adam Clayton Powell Jr.
* Colin Powell
* Gabriel Prosser
* Joseph Rainey
* A. Philip Randolph
* Hiram Revels
* Paul Robeson
* Al Sharpton
* Fred Shuttlesworth
* Clarence Thomas
* Emmett Till
* Sojourner Truth
* Harriet Tubman
* Nat Turner
* Denmark Vesey
* C. T. Vivian
* David Walker
* Booker T. Washington
* Ida B. Wells
* Roy Wilkins
* Oprah Winfrey
* Andrew Young
* Whitney Young

Education, science
and technology|

* Black studies
* Black schools
* Historically black colleges and universities
* Inventors and scientists
* Museums
* Women
* in computer science
* in medicine
* in STEM fields

Religion|

* African-American Jews
* Islam
* American Society of Muslims
* Nation of Islam
* Black church
* Azusa Street Revival
* Black Hebrew Israelites
* Black theology
* Doctrine of Father Divine

Political movements|

* Anarchism
* Back-to-Africa movement
* Black power
* Movement
* Capitalism
* Conservatism
* Leftism
* Pan-Africanism
* Populism
* Raised fist
* Self-determination
* Nationalism
* Socialism

Civic and economic
groups

* Association for the Study of African American Life and History (ASALH)
* Black Panther Party
* Congress of Racial Equality (CORE)
* National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP)
* Nashville Student Movement
* National Black Chamber of Commerce (NBCC)
* National Council of Negro Women (NCNW)
* National Pan-Hellenic Council (NPHC)
* National Urban League (NUL)
* Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC)
* Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC)
* Thurgood Marshall College Fund
* United Negro College Fund (UNCF)
* Universal Negro Improvement Association and African Communities League (UNIA-ACL)

Sports|

* Negro league baseball
* Baseball color line
* Black players in professional American football
* Black NFL quarterbacks
* Black players in ice hockey
* Muhammad Ali
* Arthur Ashe
* Jack Johnson
* Joe Louis
* Jesse Owens
* Jackie Robinson
* Serena Williams

Athletic associations
and conferences

* Central (CIAA)
* Mid-Eastern (MEAC)
* Southern (SIAC)
* Southwestern (SWAC)

Ethnic subdivisions|

* By African descent
* Fula
* Gullah
* Igbo
* Yoruba
* Alabama Creole
* Black Indians
* Black Seminoles
* Cherokee Freedmen
* Choctaw Freedmen
* Creek Freedmen
* Black Southerners
* Blaxicans
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Demographics|

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Languages|

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By state/city|

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Diaspora|

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Demographics of the United States

Demographic history

Socioeconomic status

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* Ethnocultural politics

Religions

* Baha'is
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* v
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* e

Ancestry and ethnicity in the United States

General/miscellaneous ethno-racial classifications

| General groups|

* African Americans
* Asian Americans
* Native Americans
* Alaska Natives
* Pacific Islanders
* Native Hawaiians
* White/European Americans
* Non-Hispanic Whites
* Appalachians

|

Hispanic/Latino|

* Asian Latino
* Punjabi Mexicans
* Black Latino
* Blaxican
* Mestizo
* Puerto Ricans
* Stateside Puerto Ricans
* White Latino

Multiracial|

* Afro-Asian
* Amerasian
* Black Indians
* Blaxican
* Cajuns
* Creoles
* Hapa
* Melungeon
* Mestizo
* Mulatto
* Punjabi Mexicans

Aboriginal/Indigenous/Native Americans

| Alaskan|

* Aleutians
* Alutiiq
* Athabaskans
* Gwich'in
* Haida
* Iñupiat
* Tsimshian
* Tlingit
* Yupik

|

Californian|

* Cahuilla
* Chemehuevi
* Chumash
* Cupeño
* Diegueño
* Esselen
* Juaneño
* Kitanemuk
* Luiseño
* Miwok
* Patwin
* Pomo
* Salinan
* Serrano
* Suisunes
* Ohlone
* Awaswas
* Chalon
* Chochenyo
* Karkin
* Tamyen
* Tataviam
* Tongva
* Wappo
* Wintun
* Yokuts

Iroquois|

* Cayuga
* Mohawk
* Oneida
* Onondaga
* Seneca
* Tuscarora

Miscellaneous|

* Abenaki
* Apache
* Blackfeet
* Cherokee
* Cheyenne
* Chickasaw
* Choctaw
* Colville
* Comanche
* Cree
* Crow
* Houma
* Kiowa
* Lenape
* Menominee
* Mohave
* Muscogee
* Navajo
* Ojibwe
* Osage
* Odawa
* Paiute
* Pawnee
* Pima
* Potawatomi
* Puebloans
* Zia
* Zuni
* Quechan
* Salish
* Seminole
* Shawnee
* Shoshone
* Sioux
* Tohono Oʼodham
* Ute
* Yakama
* Yaqui

The Americas (by region and country)

| Caribbean|

* Anglo-Caribbean
* Antiguan
* Bahamian
* Barbadian
* Bermudian
* Dominican (Commonwealth)
* Grenadian
* Jamaican
* Kittian
* St. Lucian
* Trinidadian
* Vincentian
* Virgin Islanders
* Dutch Caribbean
* Indo-Caribbean
* Latin Caribbean
* Cuban
* Dominican (Republic)
* Haitian
* Puerto Ricans

|

North America|

* Belizean
* Canadian
* French Canadian
* Greenlandic
* Latin North/Central American
* Costa Rican
* Guatemalan
* Honduran
* Mexican
* Indigenous Mexican
* Nicaraguan
* Panamanian
* Salvadoran

South America|

* Guyanese
* Latin South American
* Argentine
* Bolivian
* Brazilian
* Chilean
* Colombian
* Ecuadorian
* Paraguayan
* Peruvian
* Uruguayan
* Venezuelan
* Surinamese

Africa

| General/misc.|

* Black African diaspora
* African Americans
* Afro-Caribbeans
* Afro-Latinos
* Recent African immigrants

|

Central Africa|

* Cameroonian
* Congolese
* Equatoguinean
* Gabonese

East Africa|

* Eritrean
* Ethiopian
* Kenyan
* Somali
* South Sudanese
* Tanzanian
* Ugandan

Southern Africa|

* Angolan
* Malawian
* South African
* Afrikaners
* Zimbabwean

West Africa|

* Beninese
* Cape Verdean
* Fula
* Gambian
* Ghanaian
* Guinean
* Guinea-Bissauan
* Ivorian
* Liberian
* Malian
* Mauritanian
* Nigerian
* Igbo
* Yoruba
* Senegalese
* Sierra Leonean
* Togolese

Asia

| General/misc.|

* Asian Americans
* Asian Latinos

|

Central Asia|

* Afghan
* Pashtun
* Kazakh
* Kyrgyz
* Tajik
* Turkmen
* Uzbek

East Asia|

* Chinese
* Fuzhounese
* Hakka
* Hoklo
* Hong Kong
* Taiwanese
* Tibetan
* Uyghur
* Japanese
* Ryukyuan
* Korean
* Mongolian

South Asia|

* Bangladeshi
* Bengali
* Bhutanese
* Indian
* Bengali
* Gujarati
* Malayali
* Punjabi
* Sindhi
* Tamil
* Telugu
* Indo-Caribbean
* Maldivian
* Nepalese
* Pakistani
* Balochi
* Pashtun
* Punjabi
* Sindhi
* Sri Lankan
* Tamil

Southeast Asia|

* Burmese
* Karen
* Cambodian
* Filipino
* Hmong–Mien
* Hmong
* Iu Mien
* Indonesian
* Laotian
* Malaysian
* Singaporean
* Thai
* Vietnamese

Europe

| General/misc.|

* White/European Americans
* Non-Hispanic Whites
* White Hispanic/Latino
* Jewish
* Romani
* Bashalde

|

British Isles|

* British
* Cornish
* English
* Manx
* Scottish
* Welsh
* Irish
* Scotch-Irish

Central Europe|

* Austrian
* Czech
* German
* Frisian
* Sorbian
* Polish
* Kashubian
* Rusyn
* Silesian
* Slovak
* Swiss

Eastern Europe|

* Baltic
* Estonian
* Latvian
* Lithuanian
* Belarusian
* Moldovan
* Russian
* Chechen
* Circassian
* Cossack
* Kalmyk
* Ukrainian
* Cossack

Northern Europe|

* Danish
* Faroese
* Greenlandic
* Finnish
* Icelandic
* Norwegian
* Sami
* Swedish

Southern Europe|

* Iberian
* Portuguese
* Spanish
* Asturian
* Basque
* Canarian
* Catalan
* Galician
* Italian
* Sicilian
* Maltese
* Sammarinese

Southeast Europe|

* Albanian
* Armenian
* Azerbaijani
* Bulgarian
* Cypriot
* Georgian
* Greek
* Hungarian
* Romanian
* Turkish
* Yugoslav
* Bosnian
* Croatian
* Macedonian
* Montenegrin
* Serbian
* Slovenian

Western Europe|

* Belgian
* Flemish
* Dutch
* Afrikaners
* French
* Basque
* Breton
* Corsican
* French Canadian
* Liechtensteiner
* Luxembourger

Middle East and North Africa

| Multinational|

* Arab
* Assyrian
* Berber
* Circassian
* Jewish
* Kurdish

|

North Africa|

* Algerian
* Egyptian
* Coptic
* Libyan
* Moroccan
* Sudanese
* Tunisian

West Asia|

* Armenian
* Azerbaijani
* Bahraini
* Cypriot
* Emirati
* Georgian
* Iranian
* Balochi
* Iraqi
* Israeli
* Jordanian
* Kuwaiti
* Lebanese
* Omani
* Palestinian
* Qatari
* Saudi
* Syrian
* Syrian-Jewish
* Turkish
* Yemeni

Oceania (Pacific Islands)

| Australasia|

* Australian
* New Zealander
* Maori

|

Melanesia|

* Fijian
* Papuan

Micronesia|

* Chamorro
* Marshallese
* Micronesian (Federation)
* Palauan

Polynesia|

* French Polynesian
* Hawaiian
* Maori
* Samoan
* Tongan

Related subjects

* People of the United States / Americans
* American ancestry
* Native American ancestry
* Maps of American ancestries
* 2010 census
* Race and ethnicity in the census
* Race and ethnicity in the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission
* Racism

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State of Georgia

Atlanta (capital)

Topics|

* Index
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Society|

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Regions|

* Central Georgia
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Largest cities|

* Albany
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Counties|

* Appling
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