Akai

Japanese company and brand

For people named Akai, see Akai (name). Not to be confused with Açaí.

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Akai Electric Company Ltd

Company type| Subsidiary
Industry| Electronics
Founded| 1929; 96 years ago (1929), in Tokyo, Japan
Founder| Masukichi Akai
Defunct| 2000; 25 years ago (2000)
Products| Hi-fi equipment
Parent| Mitsubishi Electric (c. 1987–1994)
International Semi-Tech Microsystems (c. 1994–1999)
Grande Holdings (1999–present; brand name)

Akai (Japanese: 赤井, pronounced [a̠ka̠i]) is a Japanese brand & former electronics manufacturer, established as Akai Electric Company Ltd in Tokyo in 1929. It was best known outside Japan for its tape recorders during the 1960s and 1970s. The company became bankrupt in 2000 and since then third-party products have been marketed under the Akai brand name, which has since been owned by Grande Holdings of Hong Kong.

In its earlier history, Akai had made many innovations in the development of magnetic tape-based audio technology. Around 1980, the music division Akai Professional was founded, offering production and stage equipment for modern music. After the controversial collapse of the business in 2000,[1] the Akai brand came under the ownership of Hong Kong based Grande Holdings. The company now distributes a range of electronic products, including LED TVs, washing machines, clothes dryers, air conditioners, and smartphones. These products are developed through collaborations with other electronics companies with relevant expertise. The Akai Professional electronic instrument division had already been spun off in 1999[2] and operated under separate ownership;[3] this unit is now owned and operated by inMusic Brands.

## Corporate history

[edit]

Akai was founded by Masukichi Akai and his son, Saburo Akai (who died in 1973[4]), as Akai Electric Company Ltd. (赤井電機株式会社, Akai Denki Kabushiki Gaisha), a Japanese manufacturer, in 1929.[4][5][6] Some sources, however, suggest the company was established in 1946.[note 1]

The company's business eventually became disorganized, and it exited the audio industry in 1991. At its peak in the late 1990s, Akai Holdings employed 100,000 workers and had annual sales of HK$40 billion (US$5.2 billion). The company filed for insolvency in November 2000, owing creditors US$1.1 billion.[1] It emerged that ownership of Akai Holdings had passed to Grande Holdings in 1999, a company founded by Akai's chairman James Ting. The liquidators claimed that Ting had stolen over US$800 million from the company with the assistance of accountants Ernst & Young, who had tampered with audit documents dating back to 1994.[7] Ting was imprisoned for false accounting in 2005,[7] and E&Y paid $200 million to settle the negligence case out of court in September 2009.[8] In a separate lawsuit, a former E&Y partner, Christopher Ho, made a "substantial payment" to Akai creditors in his role as chairman of Grande Holdings.[1]

The "Akai Professional" division, specializing in electronic instruments, became a separate business in 1999.[2] It was acquired in 2005 by businessman Jack O'Donnell (later becoming a part of his inMusic Brands group)[3] and is no longer associated with the main "Akai" brand.

## History

[edit]

### Historical products

[edit]

Stack of historical AKAI machines

Akai's products included reel-to-reel audiotape recorders (such as the GX series), tuners (top-level AT, mid-level TR and TT series), audio cassette decks (top-level GX and TFL, mid-level TC, HX, and CS series), amplifiers (AM and TA series), microphones, receivers, turntables, video recorders, and loudspeakers.

Tape recorder GX-630D

Many Akai products were sold under the name Roberts in the U.S.,[citation needed] as well as A&D in Japan (from 1987, following a partnership with Mitsubishi Electric), Tensai, and Transonic Strato in Western Europe.[citation needed] During the late 1960s, Akai adopted Tandberg's cross-field recording technologies (using an extra tape head) to enhance high-frequency recording and later switched to the increasingly reliable Glass and Crystal (X'tal) (GX) ferrite heads.[citation needed] The company's most popular products[citation needed] included the GX-630D, GX-635D, GX-747/GX-747DBX, and GX-77 open-reel recorders (the latter featuring an auto-loading function), the three-head, closed-loop GX-F95, GX-90, GX-F91, GX-R99 cassette decks, and the AM-U61, AM-U7, and AM-93 stereo amplifiers.

Akai manufactured and badged most of its imported hi-fi products under the Tensai brand (named after the Swiss audio and electronics distributor Tensai International[citation needed]). Tensai International served as Akai's exclusive distributor for the Swiss and Western European markets until 1988.

Akai limited its consumer hi-fi product line in the United States and Europe toward the end of the 20th century.[citation needed]

#### Introduction of the on-screen display

[edit]

Akai produced consumer video cassette recorders (VCRs) during the mid-1980s. The Akai VS-2 was the first VCR to feature an on-screen display,[9] originally named the Interactive Monitor System. By displaying information directly on the television screen, this innovation eliminated the need for the user to be physically near the VCR to program recordings, read the tape counter, or perform other common functions. Within a few years, all competing manufacturers had adopted on-screen display technology in their own products.

### Akai Professional

[edit]

For the present-day owners of the "Akai Professional" brand for music-related products (now under entirely separate ownership from the "Akai" consumer electronics brand), see inMusic Brands.

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In 1984,[2] a new division of the company[10] was formed to focus on the manufacture and sale of electronic instruments, and was called Akai Professional.

Akai's portable studio, Akai MG-1214 unit

The first product released by the new subsidiary was the MG1212, a 12-channel, 12-track recorder.[11] This innovative device used a specialized VHS-like cartridge (the MK-20) and could record 10 minutes of continuous 12-track audio at 19 cm per second or 20 minutes at half speed (9.5 cm per second). One track (14) was permanently dedicated to recording absolute time, and another for synchronization such as SMPTE or MTC. Each channel strip included dbx type-1 noise reduction and semi-parametric equalizers (with fixed bandwidths). The unit also featured innovations like an electronic 2-bus system, a 12-stereo channel patch bay, and automatic punch in and out capabilities, among others. The unique transport design and noise reduction gave these units a recording quality that rivaled more expensive 16-track machines using 1" tape. The MG-1212 was later succeeded by the MG-1214, which improved the transport mechanism and overall performance.

#### AX series analog synthesizers

[edit]

AX80

Main articles: Akai AX80 and Akai AX60

Other early products included the Akai AX80 8-voice analog synthesizer in 1984,[11] followed by the AX60 and AX73 6-voice analog synthesizers around 1986.[12][13] The AX-60 borrowed many design elements from the Roland Juno series, but used voltage-controlled analog oscillators (VCO) as its sound source, unlike Roland's more common digitally controlled analog oscillators (DCO). It also allowed the performer to "split" the keyboard, assigning different timbres to different ranges of keys. The AX-60 featured the ability to interface with Akai's early samplers via a serial cable, using 12-bit samples as an additional oscillator.[14]

#### Digital Samplers (S, X, Z series)

[edit]

S612

See also: Sampler (musical instrument) § Akai

The S612 12-bit digital sampler released in 1985 was the first in a series of relatively affordable samplers, designed in a 19-inch studio-rack format and finished in black.[11] It could hold only a single sample at a time, which was loaded into memory via a separate disk drive utilizing 2.8-inch Quick Disk floppy disks. The maximum sample time at the highest quality sampling rate (32 kHz) was one second.

S6000 remote

S900

The introduction of a "professional" range of digital samplers began with the 12-bit S900 in 1986,[11] followed by the X7000 keyboard sampler in 1986,[15] and the S700 rack-mount version in 1987.[11] Unlike the single-sample S612, these models allowed the use of up to six active samples simultaneously, featured a built-in disk drive, and could be extended with six individual outputs via cable. Additionally, a flash memory extension added another six samples to the memory for multisample playback. The S700/X7000 sampler series were light grey in color, a design choice that remained consistent throughout the entire "professional" range of Akai samplers.

The 16-bit Akai S1000 series followed in 1988, introducing the ability to read CD-ROMs and write to hard disks via SCSI. This range was eventually superseded by the S3000 series in 1993, which offered an optional built-in CD-ROM drive, followed by the S5000 and S6000 models. Additional notable releases included the Z4 and Z8 24-bit 96 kHz samplers.[11]

Sampler Models[16]

* S612 - 1985
* X7000 - Keyboard Sampler - 1986
* S700 - 1987
* S900 - 1986
* X3700 - Keyboard Sampler - 1986
* S950 - 1988
* S1000 - 1988
* S1000KB - Keyboard Sampler - 1988
* S1000PB - Playback only device - 1988
* S1100 - 1992
* S01 - 1993
* S2000 - 1995
* S2800 - 1992
* S20 - Drum Machine-styled device - 1997
* S3000 - 1993
* S3000XL
* S3200 - 1996
* S3200XL - 1996
* S5000 - 1998
* S6000 - 1999
* Z4 - 2002
* Z8 - 2002

#### MPC

[edit]

MPC2000

MPC60

Main article: Akai MPC

Akai also produced several Digital MIDI sequencers and digital synthesizers such as the MPC range, a line of integrated drum machines, MIDI sequencers, samplers and direct-to-disk recorders.

#### New ownership of Akai Professional

[edit]

In December 1999, one year before the application of the Civil Rehabilitation Act [ja] to Akai Electric Company Ltd., the brand of its musical instrument division, Akai Professional, was acquired by a company based in the United States. The new company was named "Akai Professional Musical Instrument Corporation".[2] Akai Professional M.I. was established the same year, but it filed for bankruptcy in 2005.[10]

In 2004, following a US distribution deal, the Akai Professional Musical Instrument division was acquired by Jack O'Donnell, owner of Numark Industries and Alesis. In 2012, inMusic Brands was formed as the parent company for O'Donnell's companies, including Akai Professional.

## Current products

[edit]

In early 2003, Grande Holdings began reintroducing Akai's brands by marketing various audio-visual products manufactured by Samsung. In the same year, Grande started distributing Akai home appliances, including air conditioners, vacuum cleaners, and refrigerators. In the 2010s, it began distributing Akai smartphones in collaboration with Chinese smartphone manufacturers such as Gionee, in India and other countries.

### Video

[edit]

* AV receivers
* Portable DVD players
* DVD players
* DVD recorders
* Home theatre systems
* Home theatre speakers
* VCD players
* VCRs

### Mobile sound

[edit]

* Amplifiers
* Cassette receivers
* CD changers
* CD receivers
* DVD changers
* DVD receivers
* Car audio – DVD players
* Car audio – speakers
* Car audio – TFT monitors

### Home appliances

[edit]

* Air conditioners
* Air coolers
* Air purifiers
* Chest freezers
* Dishwashers
* Heaters
* Ice makers
* Microwave ovens
* Refrigerators
* Showcases
* Vacuum cleaners
* Washing machines
* Water dispensers
* Wine cellars

### Audio

[edit]

* Stereo rack systems
* Mini systems
* Micro music [17]
* Retro radios
* Sound boxes
* Portable music players
* Tape decks
* Portable DAT recorder/player (Blue colored body, Webshop DirectOrder only, OEM from JVC/Victor)
* Portable MD recorder/player (Blue color body, Webshop DirectOrder only, OEM from JVC/Victor)

### Digital

[edit]

* Wireless surround sound systems
* Bluetooth
* MP3 player
* Mobile phones
* Smart phones

### Television

[edit]

* CRT color television sets
* LCD televisions
* Plasma television
* Set-top boxes

### Akai Professional products

[edit]

Logo of Akai Professional Akai Synthstation 25

#### Synthesizers

[edit]

* AX60 (c.1986) – discontinued
* AX73 (c.1986) – discontinued
* AX80 (1984) – discontinued
* VX90 (c.1986) – rack-mount version of AX73, discontinued
* VX600 (c.1988) – 3-octave keyboard synthesizer with EWI connection jack, discontinued
* Akai SG01v (c.1996) – desktop sound module,[18] discontinued
* MINIAK[19] – discontinued
* S612[20] (1985) – discontinued
* S900[21] (1986) – discontinued
* X3700 (c.1986) – discontinued
* X7000[22] (c.1986) – discontinued
* S700[23] (1987) – discontinued
* S950[24] – discontinued
* S1000 (1988)[25] – discontinued
* S1100[26] (1990) – discontinued
* S01[27] (1992) – discontinued
* S2800[28] (1992) – discontinued
* S3000[28] (1992) – discontinued
* S3200 (1992) – discontinued
* CD3000[29] (1993) – discontinued
* REMIX16 (1995) – table-top phrase sampler, discontinued
* S2000 (1995)[30] – discontinued
* S3000XL (1995) – discontinued
* S3200XL – discontinued
* S20 (c.1997)[31] – discontinued
* CD3000XL (c.1997)[32] – discontinued
* S5000 (c.1999)[33] – discontinued
* S6000 (c.1999)[33] – discontinued
* Z4[34] (2002) – discontinued
* Z8[34] (2002) – discontinued
* MPX8
* MPX16[35]
* MPC Key 61

#### Music Production Center

[edit]

Main article: Akai MPC

* MPC60 (1987) – MIDI Production Centre,[36] discontinued
* MPC60II – (1991) – discontinued
* MPC3000 (1993) – discontinued
* MPC3000LE (1999) – discontinued
* MPC2000[37] (1997) – discontinued
* MPC2000XL (2000) – discontinued
* MPC4000 (2002)[38] – discontinued
* MPC1000 (2003) – discontinued
* MPC500[39] (2006) – discontinued
* MPC2500[40] (2005) – discontinued
* MPC5000[41][42] (2008) – discontinued
* MPC Renaissance[43] (2012) – discontinued
* MPC Studio[44] (2012) – Discontinued
* MPC Element (2013) – Discontinued
* MPC Touch[45] (2015)
* MPC Studio Black (2016)
* MPC Live[46] (2017)
* MPC X[47] (2017)
* MPC Force (2019)
* MPC One (2020)
* MPC Live ll (2020)
* MPC Studio II (2021)
* MPC Key 61 (2022)
* MPC One+ (2023)

#### Computer audio interfaces

[edit]

* EIE (2011)
* EIE PRO[48] (2011)

#### Drum machines

[edit]

* MR16 (c.1985)
* XE-8 1U rack mounted,[49][50] Acoustic drum sound from S-1000 library, discontinued
* XR10,[51] discontinued Table Top Playback Sampler incl XE-8 Sound with Dance Sample Sounds 16-bit, discontinued
* XR20[52] (2008) Made by Alesis
* Rhythm Wolf (c.2015) Tabletop analogue drum machine with bass synth[53]
* Tom Cat

#### Electronic wind instruments

[edit]

* EVI1000 (1987) – Electronic Valve Instruments, discontinued
* EWI1000[54] (1987) – Electronic Wind Instrument, discontinued
* EWV2000[54] – Electronic Wind Instrument sound module, discontinued
* EWI4000S (2005)
* EWI-USB (2008)
* EWI5000 (2014)
* EWI SOLO (2020)

#### Effects units / Utilities

[edit]

* EX90R – Reverb,[55] discontinued
* ME10D – MIDI digital delay,[56] discontinued
* ME15F – MIDI dynamic controller,[56] discontinued
* ME20A – MIDI sequencer arpeggiator,[56] discontinued
* ME25S – MIDI note separator,[57] discontinued
* ME30P – MIDI 4×8 patchbay,[57][58] discontinued
* ME35T – Audio/MIDI trigger, discontinued
* ME80P – MIDI 8×10 patchbay, discontinued
* MB76 – Programmable mix bay,[59] discontinued
* PEQ6 – Programmable equaliser,[59] discontinued
* DP88 (1993) – digital audio patchbay, discontinued
* AR900 (1986–89) – 16-bit MIDI Digital Reverb, discontinued
* MFC42 (2001) – filter bank, discontinued
* HV10 Harmony generator (2002)
* VST Plug-ins (2002)

#### Guitar pedals

[edit]

* Analog Delay
* Blues Overdrive
* Chorus
* Compressor
* Deep Impact Synth
* Deluxe Distortion
* Drive3 Distortion
* Drive3 Fuzz
* Drive3 Overdrive
* E2 Head Rush
* Flanger
* Phase Shifter

#### iPod/iPad Keyboard Controllers

[edit]

* SynthStation25
* SynthStation49
* AkaiMPC Fly (2012)

#### MIDI Sequencers

[edit]

* MS08 (c.1985) – discontinued
* ASQ10[60] (c.1986/7) – discontinued

#### Standalone Multi-track Audio Recorders

[edit]

* MG614 (c.1983?) – discontinued
* MG1212 (1984) – discontinued
* MG1214 (c.1985) – discontinued
* DR1200/DL1200 (1988) – discontinued
* DD1000 (1990) – discontinued
* DD/DL1500 (1994) – 16-track DAW, discontinued
* DD8 (1996) – discontinued
* DD8plus (1998) – discontinued
* DR4D (1993) – discontinued
* DR8 (1994) – discontinued
* DR16 (1995) – discontinued
* DPS12[61] (1997) – discontinued
* DPS16 (1999) – discontinued
* DPS24 (2002)[62] – discontinued
* DPS24MKII – discontinued
* RE32 (1999) – controller for DD/DR series, discontinued

#### Studio Monitor Speakers

[edit]

* RPM3
* RPM8 – discontinued
* 50x

#### USB MIDI / MIDI Controllers

[edit]

* APC20[63]
* APC40[64]
* APC40 MkII[65]
* EWI-USB
* LPD8 (2009)[66]
* LPK25 (2009)[66]
* MPD16 (2002) – discontinued
* MPD18 – discontinued
* MPD24[67] (2006) – discontinued
* MPD26 (2010)
* MPD32 (2008)
* MPK25[68] (2009)
* MPK49[69] (2007)
* MPK49 V2 (2007)
* MPK61 (2009)
* MPK88 (2009)
* MPK Mini[70]
* MPK Mini Play [fr][71]
* MPK Mini MK II (2014)
* MPK Mini MK III (2020)
* MPK225 (2014)
* MPK249 (2014)
* MPK261 (2014)
* MAX25 (2014)
* MAX49[72] (2014)
* MX73 MIDI Master Keyboard[73] – discontinued
* MX76 MIDI Master Keyboard[74] (1987) – discontinued

## See also

[edit]

* Companies portal
* Technology portal

* 1/4-inch Akai VTRs
* Akai VK (videocassette format) VTRs
* List of phonograph manufacturers

## Notes

[edit]

1. ^ Although reliable sources are not yet found, according to several sources (kotobank.jp, ja:Akai Professional), Masukichi Akai established Akai Press Industry in 1923, and his son, Saburo Akai, founded Akai Electric Company Ltd. in 1946, with Masukichi serving as the president of both.

## References

[edit]

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2. ^ a b c d "Akai Professional / Akai Digital – Company History". AKAI Professional M.I. Corp. c. 1999. Archived from the original on 2013-05-03. "Akai Professional entered the electronic musical instrument world in 1984 with one purpose – to give artists the tools they need to express and explore new musical ideas.", "In 1999, Akai Professional Musical Instruments Corporation (APMI) was formed.""
3. ^ a b "About inMusic and Jack O'Donnell". Archived from the original on 2023-03-26. Retrieved 2023-05-24. "In 2005 [..] O'Donnell purchased [..] Akai Professional, one of the world's most influential manufacturers of music production gear"
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10. ^ a b アカイプロフェッショナルエムアイが破産手続き開始 [Akai Professional M.I. entered bankruptcy proceedings.]. 神奈川新聞 (in Japanese). 2005-12-07. Archived from the original on 2006-01-12. "民間信用調査会社の帝国データバンク横浜支店によると、音響機器製造のアカイプロフェッショナルエムアイ（横浜市都筑区北山田、駿河道生社長、従業員十七人）は七日までに、東京地裁から破産手続き開始決定を受けた。... 同社は一九九九年十二月、赤井電機（東京都）の電子楽器部門のブランドを買収した米国系企業が、製造・販売目的で設立した。" [Abstract: according to the private credit research company, Teikoku Databank Yokohama branch, by the 7th (December 2005), Akai Professional M.I. received a bankruptcy proceedings decision by the Tokyo District Court. ... Akai Professional M.I. was established in December 1999 to focus on the manufacture and sale of electronic musical instruments, by a company of the United States who acquired the brand(s) of the musical instrument division of Akai Electric Company Ltd.]
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17. ^ Tape dec
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64. ^ "Akai APC40". Sound on Sound. September 2009. Archived from the original on 2015-06-06.
65. ^ "Akai APC40 MkII". Sound on Sound. April 2015. Retrieved 2018-06-26.
66. ^ a b "Akai LPD8 & LPK25". Sound on Sound. March 2010. Archived from the original on 2015-06-08.
67. ^ "Akai MPD24". Sound on Sound. September 2007. Archived from the original on 2014-09-15.
68. ^ "Akai MPK25". Sound on Sound. October 2009. Archived from the original on 2015-06-08.
69. ^ "Akai MPK49". Sound on Sound. February 2008. Archived from the original on 2015-06-07.
70. ^ "Akai MPK Mini". Sound on Sound. March 2011. Archived from the original on 2015-06-06.
71. ^ MPK Mini Play
72. ^ "Akai Max49". Sound on Sound. July 2013. Archived from the original on 2015-06-06.
73. ^ "Akai MX73". Music Technology. December 1986. p. 30\. ISSN 0957-6606. OCLC 24835173.
74. ^ "Akai MX76". Music Technology. May 1989. pp. 82–3\. ISSN 0957-6606. OCLC 24835173.

## Further reading

[edit]

* "Akai S20 sampler". Future Music. No. 56\. Future Publishing. May 1997. p. 20\. ISSN 0967-0378. OCLC 1032779031.

## External links

[edit]

* Current global website of Akai (Grande Holdings)
* Current website of Akai India
* Current website of Akai Professional
* Archive index at the Wayback Machine
* Vintage Cassette Decks Collection of Akai Vintage Cassette decks and other brands

* v
* t
* e

Electronics industry in Japan

Companies|

| Current|

* Aiwa
* Alaxala Networks
* Alinco
* Alps
* Alpine
* Anritsu
* AOR
* Audio-Technica
* Bandai Namco
* Brother
* Canon
* Casio
* CatEye
* Citizen Watch
* Cosina
* D+M Group
* Denon
* Marantz
* Daikin
* Denso
* Denso Ten
* DNP
* Eiki
* Eizo
* Elecom
* ESP Guitars
* FANUC
* Fostex
* Fuji Electric
* Fujifilm
* Business Innovation
* Fujitsu
* Furuno
* Futaba
* Hamamatsu Photonics
* Hirose Electric
* Hitachi
* Clarion
* Maxell
* Hoya
* Ibanez
* Ibiden
* Icom
* Ikegami Tsushinki
* Iwatsu
* Japan Display
* JEOL
* JRC
* JR Propo
* JVCKenwood
* JVC
* Kenwood
* Kawai
* Keyence
* Kioxia
* Kiramek
* Konami
* Konica Minolta
* KO PROPO
* Korg
* Kyocera
* Luxman
* Mabuchi Motor
* Mamiya
* Maspro
* Melco
* Micron Memory Japan
* MinebeaMitsumi
* Mitsumi
* Mitsubishi Electric
* Murata Manufacturing
* Mutoh
* Nakamichi
* NEC
* Mobile Communications
* Nichia
* Nichicon
* Nidec
* Nidec Copal Corporation
* Nihon Dempa Kogyo
* Nikon
* Nintendo
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* NKK Switches
* Oki
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* Integra Home Theater
* Orion Electric
* Panasonic
* Sanyo
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* Seiko Instruments
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* Stanley Electric
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* Tokyo Electron
* Topcon
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* Uniden
* Ushio
* Wacom
* Yaesu
* Yamaha
* Yaskawa
* Yokogawa
* Zojirushi
* Zoom
* Zuken

|

Defunct|

* Aiwa
* Akai
* Bronica
* Chinon
* Contax
* Funai
* JOLED
* Konica
* Minolta
* National
* Norita
* Okaya Optical
* Sansui

Other|

* Electronic Industries Association
* INCJ
* Japan Electronic Industries Development Association
* Japan Electronics and Information Technology Industries Association
* Yagi–Uda antenna

* Category

* v
* t
* e

Akai Music Technology

Synthesizers|

* AX60
* AX80

Samplers|

* S900
* X7000
* S1000
* S3000
* S3000XL

Workstations|

* MPC
* MPK 88

Effects units|

* AR900

ROMplers|

* SG01v

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