Al-Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula

Sunni Islamist militant organization

Al-Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula

القاعدة في جزيرة العرب

The Black Standard used by AQAP

Leaders| Nasir al-Wuhayshi † (2011–15)[1]
Qasim al-Raymi † (2015–20)[2]
Khalid Batarfi# (2020–2024)[3]
Sa'ad bin Atef al-Awlaki (2024–present)[4]
Dates of operation| January 2009 – present[5]
Merger of| al-Qaeda of Saudi Arabia and Islamic Jihad of Yemen
Allegiance|  al-Qaeda
Group(s)|

* Ansar al-Sharia

* Islamic Jihad of Yemen
* Aden-Abyan Islamic Army
* al-Qaeda of Saudi Arabia

Headquarters| Mukalla, Hadhramaut Governorate[6](2015–2016)
Wadi Belharith and Azzan in Shabwah Governorate[6]
Wadi Obaidah in Ma'rib Governorate[6]
Rada'a District in Al Bayda Governorate[6]
Mudiyah and Lawdar in Abyan Governorate[6]
Active regions| Yemen and Saudi Arabia but predominantly in Yemen

* Abyan Governorate
* Shabwah Governorate
* Hadhramaut Governorate
* Lahij Governorate
* Al Bayda Governorate
* Marib Governorate

Ideology|

* Anti-Americanism
* Pan-Islamism
* Islamic extremism[7]
* Qutbism[8]
* Salafi jihadism[7][8]
Irredentism[6]
* Anti-Zionism[11]
* Antisemitism[16]
* Anti-imperialism[8]

Size|

* 12,000 (own claim, 2010)[20]
* 4,000 (2017 estimate)[23]
* 6,000–7,000 (2018 estimate)[25]
* 3,000 (2022 estimate)[26]

Part of|  al-Qaeda
Allies| Non-state allies:

* al-Shabaab (2009–present)[27]
* al-Qaeda in the Islamic Maghreb (2009–present)[28]
* al-Qaeda in the Indian Subcontinent (2014–present)
* Al-Nusra Front (2012–2017)[29]

Opponents| Non-State opponents

* Islamic State – Yemen Province
* Southern Movement
* Houthis

State opponents

* Saudi Arabia
* Yemen (Presidential Leadership Council)
* Yemen (Supreme Political Council)[30]
* United Arab Emirates[31]
* United Kingdom
* United States[32]
* Australia
* NATO

Battles and wars| Yemeni Insurgency

* Operation Blow to the Head
* Battle of Zinjibar
* Siege of Dammaj
* Battle of Dofas
* First Battle of Lawdar
* Battle of Radda
* 2012 Abyan offensive
* 2012 Sana'a bombing
* 2013 Sana'a attack
* Al Bayda Governorate Clashes (2012–13)
* Al Bayda Governorate Clashes (2013–14)

Yemeni Civil War (2014–present)

* Siege of Al Bayda Governorate
* Battle of Mukalla (2015)
* Battle of Mukalla (2016)
* Hadramaut insurgency
* Abyan campaign (March–August 2015)
* Al Bayda Offensive (2015–16)
* Fall of Zinjibar and Jaar
* Abyan campaign
* Aden unrest
* Shabwah Governorate offensive
* Abyan conflict
* Raid on Yakla
* Raid on Al Hathla
* Al-Jawf offensive
* Al Bayda offensive
* 2022 Southern Yemen offensive

Designated as a terrorist group by|  Bahrain[33]
United Nations
European Union
NATO
Australia
Canada
France
Iran
Japan
United Kingdom
Russia
Saudi Arabia
Syria
United States
United Arab Emirates
Yemen
Malaysia[34]
New Zealand[35]

Preceded by
Al-Qaeda in Saudi Arabia
Al-Qaeda in Yemen

Al-Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula (Arabic: تنظيم القاعدة في جزيرة العرب, romanized: Tanẓīm al-Qā‘idah fī Jazīrat al-‘Arab, lit. 'Organization of the Base in the Arabian Peninsula' or تنظيم قاعدة الجهاد في جزيرة العرب, Tanẓīm Qā‘idat al-Jihād fī Jazīrat al-‘Arab, "Organization of Jihad's Base in the Arabian Peninsula"), abbreviated as AQAP,[7] also known as Ansar al-Sharia in Yemen (Arabic: جماعة أنصار الشريعة, Jamā‘at Anṣār ash-Sharī‘ah, "Group of the Helpers of the Sharia"),[36] is a Sunni Islamist insurgent extremist group, which is part of the al-Qaeda network and primarily active in Yemen and Saudi Arabia.[7][37] It is considered the most active[38] of al-Qaeda's branches that emerged after the weakening of central leadership.[39]

The group established an emirate during the 2011 Yemeni Revolution, reaching its peak in 2015 after capturing the provincial capital of Mukalla. Its strength has since waned after internal struggles and foreign interventions in the subsequent Yemeni Civil War, and by the late 2010's they would only operate substantially in their strongholds, Abyan and al-Bayda governorates.[40] Despite their losses, AQAP still remains as one of al-Qaeda's strongest affiliates. The group has been designated a terrorist organization by the United Nations, United States, Saudi Arabia, UAE and several other countries.

## Ideology and formation

[edit]

Current (February 2024) political and military control in the ongoing Yemeni Civil War (2014–present)

Controlled by Houthis

Controlled by Saudi-backed Hadi loyalists

Controlled by Al-Qaeda (AQAP)-affiliated Ansar al-Sharia

Controlled by the UAE-backed Southern Transitional Council

Like al-Qaeda Central, AQAP opposes the monarchy of the House of Saud.[41] AQAP was formed in January 2009 from a merger of the Yemeni branch and Saudi branch of al-Qaeda.[5] The Saudi group had been effectively suppressed by the Saudi government, forcing its members to seek sanctuary in Yemen.[42][43]

The groups objectives include the overthrowal of Saudi and Yemeni governments and the establishment of an Islamic state in the Arabian Peninsula.[44] In 2010, it was believed to have several hundred members.[5] The group also seeks for the destruction of the Israeli state and the liberation of the Palestinian territories.[15]

## Transformation into an active al-Qaeda branch

[edit]

AQAP fighters in Yemen, 2014.

The number of terrorist plots in the West that originated from Pakistan declined considerably from most of them (at the outset), to 75% in 2007, and to 50% in 2010, as al-Qaeda shifted to Somalia and Yemen.[45]

U.S. Secretary of State Hillary Clinton formally designated al-Qaeda in Yemen a terrorist organization on 14 December 2009.[46] On 24 August 2010, The Washington Post journalist Greg Miller wrote that the CIA believed Yemen's branch of al-Qaeda had surpassed its parent organization, Osama bin Laden's core group, as al-Qaeda's most dangerous threat to the U.S. homeland.[47]

On 26 August 2010, Yemen claimed that U.S. officials had exaggerated the size and danger of al-Qaeda in Yemen, insisting also that fighting the jihadist network's local branch remained Sanaa's job.[48] A former bodyguard of Osama bin Laden warned of an escalation in fighting between al-Qaeda and Yemeni authorities and predicted the government would need outside intervention to stay in power.

However, Ahmed al-Bahri told the Associated Press that attacks by al-Qaeda in southern Yemen was an indication of its increasing strength.[49] CNN analyst Paul Cruickshank asserted that several U.S. officials viewed AQAP as the branch of al-Qaeda which posed the most serious threat to American interests in the region.[44]

## Operations and activities as al-Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula

[edit]

Main article: USS Cole bombing

Al-Qaeda was responsible for the USS Cole bombing in October 2000 in Aden, killing 17 U.S. sailors.[41] In 2002, an al-Qaeda bomb damaged the French supertanker Limburg in the Gulf of Aden.[41]

The Global Terrorism Database attributes the 2004 Khobar massacre to the group.[50]

In addition to a number of attacks in Saudi Arabia, and the kidnap and murder of Paul Marshall Johnson Jr. in Riyadh in 2004, the group is suspected in connection with a bombing in Doha, Qatar, in March 2005.[51]

On 27 August 2009, Saudi-Arabian AQAP suicide bomber Abdullah al-Asiri attempted to assassinate Saudi prince Muhammad bin Nayef at a Ramadan gathering in his home in Jeddah. Al-Asiri was sent to Saudi Arabia from Yemen, and had previously expressed his intention to turn himself in to Saudi authorities. Though al-Arisi was killed in the bombing, Nayef was only slightly injured.[52]

## Operations and activities during Yemen conflict

[edit]

### 2009

[edit]

On 15 March, 4 South Korean tourists were killed in Shibam, Hadhramaut by a suicide bomber.[53] The Yemeni government blamed AQAP for the attack, as well as one on a South Korean delegation on 18 March that only killed the perpetrator.[54]

### 2010

[edit]

On 8 February, deputy leader Said Ali al-Shihri called for a regional holy war and blockade of the Red Sea to prevent shipments to Israel. In an audiotape announcement he called upon Somali militant group al-Shabaab for assistance in the blockade.[55]

On 26 April, an AQAP suicide bomber attempted to assassinate the UK ambassador to Yemen, Timothy Torlot in Sanaa. Torlot was unhurt, but 3 others were injured in the attack.[56] AQAP attempted again to kill a British diplomat, Fionna Gibb, in Sanaa on 6 October. An AQAP member fired a rocket-propelled grenade at her vehicle, injuring an embassy worker and 3 bystanders. Gibb was unharmed.[57]

The Yemeni government launched an offensive on 19 August to secure the town of Lawdar, Abyan, which was an AQAP stronghold. The government announced on 25 August that they recaptured the town, repordetly killing 12 to 19 AQAP fighters and losing 11 soldiers. [58]

On 24 November, a suicide bomber attacked a convoy heading to the funeral of Badreddin al-Houthi, father of the founder of the Houthis, killing 1 person and injuring 8. The incident occured in Dahyun while the convoy was on their way to Saada. AQAP was suspected of conducting the attack.[59]

### 2011

[edit]

On 6 March, AQAP claimed responsibility for two attacks which killed 5 Yemeni soldiers altogether. 4 soldiers apart of the Republican Guard were killed in an ambush on a convoy in Marib governorate, while an army colonel was shot and killed in Zinjibar, Abyan.[60]

On 13 May, an AQAP ambush on a Yemeni army convoy in Marib left at least 5 soldiers dead. The attacker had fired an RPG at the convoy.[61]

On 27 May, amid the chaos caused by the Yemeni revolution, AQAP affiliate Ansar al-Sharia captured the capital of Abyan governorate, Zinjibar. More than 200 militants seized the town, killing 16 soldiers and freeing dozens of prisoners.[62] Ansar al-Sharia entrenched itself into the city in the following days, repelling attempts by the military to enter the city on 31 May[63] and on 7 June,[64] and forcing 2 brigades to retreat on 21 June.[65] Multiple tribes changed their allegiance from the militants to the military as fighting raged on in Abyan and more civilians were displaced. The Yemeni army along with allied tribes launched an offensive on July 17 attacking the city from the west. On 22 July, the army established control over a sports stadium near Zinjibar and waged fighting near the entrance of the city, while allied tribes secured a main highway leading to the city.[66][67][68] Though the city was declared to be retaken by the government on 10 September, the government only controlled the eastern portion while Ansar al-Sharia still controlled the west. A deal was reached on 12 January 2012 to allow residents to return.[69][70]

A prison break in Mukalla occurred in mid-June, freeing 63 AQAP prisoners and killing a guard. The prison was attacked by militants with artillery, allowing the inmates to escape through a 35-metre long tunnel.[71]

On 30 September, American-Yemeni cleric and alleged AQAP member Anwar al-Awlaki was killed in a US drone strike in the town of Khashef, al-Jawf governorate.[72] The US government had previously placed Awlaki on a CIA kill list and froze his assets due to inciting and directing multiple terror plots in the United States, including the 2009 Fort Hood shooting and the attempted bombing of Northwest Airlines Flight 253.[73] The attack had also killed Samir Khan, an American citizen from Saudi Arabia who, along with Awlaki, was an editor and publisher of AQAP's magazine, Inspire.[74]

On 12 December a prison break in Aden freed up to 15 AQAP members. The prisoners had escaped via a 40-metre long tunnel.[75]

### 2012

[edit]

AQAP guards standing out of one of their buildings.

On 21 May 2012, a man wearing a belt of explosives carried out a suicide attack on military personnel preparing for a parade rehearsal for Yemen's Unity Day. With over 120 people dead and 200 more injured, the attack was one of the deadliest in Yemen's history.[76] AQAP affiliate Ansar al-Sharia claimed responsibility for the attack.[77]

During the June 2012 al-Qaeda retreat from its key southern Yemen stronghold, the organization planted land mines, which killed 73 civilians.[78] According to the governor's office in Abyan province, 3,000 mines were removed from around Zinjibar and Ja'ar.[78]

### 2013

[edit]

On 5 December 2013, an attack on the Yemeni Defense Ministry in Sana'a involving a series of bomb and gun attacks killed at least 56 people.[79] After footage of the attack was aired on Yemeni television showing an attack on a hospital within the ministry compound and the killing of medical personnel and patients, the head of AQAP, Qasim al-Raymi, released a video message apologizing. Al-Raymi claimed that the team of attackers were directed not to assault the hospital in the attack, but that one had gone ahead and done so.[80]

### 2014

[edit]

On 9 May, at least 4 Yemeni soldiers were killed after a skirmish sparked when a vehicle attacked the gates of the Presidential Palace in Sanaa. Authorities claimed that AQAP was responsible.[81]

On 26 November, United States Navy SEALs from DEVGRU collaborated with Yemeni special forces in a hostage rescue mission order to free American journalist Luke Somers, along with other hostages. The mission took place in Hadhramaut along the border with Saudi Arabia. The team engaged AQAP in a firefight near the cave housing the hostages, killing 7 militants. The raid rescued 8 hostages of various nationalities, but they did not include Somers, who was moved to another area alongside 4 other hostages days before the raid.[82]

Later in December, AQAP published a video threatening to kill Somers within 72 hours. Another rescue mission occurred on 6 December in southern Shabwah. 40 SEALs backed by Yemeni special forces attempted to infiltrate the AQAP compound housing the targets, but they were spotted about 100 metres away, leading to skirmishes. 2 hostages, including Somers, were found shot within the compound, while the fate of the 3 others are unknown. Both hostages eventually died while being transported.[83]

### 2015

[edit]

#### Capture of Mukalla

[edit]

Main article: Battle of Mukalla (2015)

On 2 April 2015, AQAP fighters stormed the coastal city of Mukalla, capturing it on 16 April after the two-week Battle of Mukalla. They seized government buildings and used trucks to cart off more than $120 million from the central bank, according to the bank's director. AQAP forces soon passed control to a civilian council, giving it a budget of more than $4 million to provide services to residents of the city. AQAP maintained a police station in the city to mediate Sharia disputes but avoided imposing its rule across the city. AQAP refrained from using its name, instead of using the name the 'Sons of Hadhramaut' to emphasize its ties to the surrounding province.[84]

#### Fall of Zinjibar and Jaar

[edit]

On 2 December 2015, the provincial capital of Abyan governorate, Zinjibar, and the town of Jaʿār were captured by AQAP fighters. Like Al Mukalla, AQAP forces soon passed control to a civilian council, police patrols and other public services.[85]

### 2016

[edit]

#### Southern Abyan Offensive

[edit]

On 20 February 2016, AQAP seized the southern Abyan governorate, linking them with their headquarters in Mukalla.[86]

#### Liberation of Mukalla

[edit]

Main article: Battle of Mukalla (2016)

On 24 April 2016, the United Arab Emirates Armed Forces entered Mukalla and commenced operations against AQAP, liberating Mukalla in 36 hours. The operation was hailed by US Defence Secretary James Mattis as a model of fighting terrorism.[87][88]

Mukalla was then used as a base of operations by the UAE Armed Forces and Joint Special Operations Command, allowing the CIA to target AQAP strongest cells in Yemen.[89]

### 2017

[edit]

On 29 January, DEVGRU conducted a raid in al-Ghayil, a town in the Yakla region of al-Bayda. The raid was authorized in order to collect key AQAP documents and information, as well as the possibility of neutralizing AQAP leader Qasim al-Raymi, whom UAE intelligence suggested could be present. Originally meant to be unexpected, AQAP prematurely detected the SEALs, eventually leading to a heavy firefight in the village which claimed the life of 1 American soldier and wounded 5 others. 14 AQAP fighters were killed along with "valuable information" being gathered, but al-Raymi was not killed or captured in the raid. Additionally, at least 16 civilians were killed, including the eight-year-old daughter of Anwar al-Awlaki, Nawar.[90]

On 23 May, DEVGRU conducted another raid against AQAP in Ma'rib governorate, targeting a compound of the group. The US reported the deaths of 7 AQAP members and no civilians casualties,[91] however, human rights group Reprieve report that the raid had killed 5 civilians and wounded 6, with SEALs killing a blind villager as he walked out of his home and killing 4 more after they began arguing with them after the fact.[92]

### 2018

[edit]

In August 2018, Al Jazeera reported that the Saudi Arabian-led coalition "battling Houthi rebels secured secret deals with al-Qaeda in Yemen and recruited hundreds of the group's fighters. ... Key figures in the deal-making said the United States was aware of the arrangements and held off on drone attacks against the armed group, which was created by Osama bin Laden in 1988."[93][94][95]

According to the Associated Press, the Saudi-led coalition "cut secret deals with al-Qaeda fighters, paying some to leave key cities and towns and letting others retreat with weapons, equipment and wads of looted cash... hundreds more were recruited to join the coalition itself."[96]

### 2019

[edit]

On 7 April 2019, UAE and Security Belt forces launched a large anti-terror military campaign to clear a number of mountains and valleys located in the Mahfad town, then a key hideout of AQAP militants. UAE-backed Yemeni security forces succeeded in seizing arms and ammunition, including hand grenades, improvised explosive devices and communication equipment and AQAP militants fled to other areas.[97]

On 2 August 2019, AQAP fighters stormed a military base in al-Mahfad district, remaining for several hours before military reinforcements drove them out. The attacks killed at least 19 soldiers.[98]

On 30 August 2019, UAE airstrikes on AQAP in southern Yemen targeted a number of moving vehicles carrying AQAP members.[99]

In September 2019, AQAP took advantage and deployed across Abyan and Shabwah in southern Yemen following the UAE draw down from Yemen and increased infighting between Houthis and Hadi forces. According to a local Yemeni official, the absence of the Shabwani Elite security units, that had been trained and equipped by the UAE, enabled AQAP to gain a foothold in the turbulent Shabwah again.[100]

### 2020

[edit]

On 31 January 2020, The New York Times reported three U.S. officials "expressed confidence" that Qasim al-Raymi was killed in an airstrike on 29 January in Yalka, al-Bayda.[101][102] His death was later confirmed by the White House on 6 February[103] and by AQAP on 23 February, with Khalid Batarfi being named his successor.[104]

On 21 April, Houthi forces uploaded a video claiming to have captured a base of Ansar al-Sharia in al-Jawf governorate, amidst a wider offensive in the region against the Yemeni government. The video appeared to show explosive belts, ammunition, AQAP flags and documents.[105]

The Houthis launched an offensive in al-Bayda governorate on 15 May as an extension of its offensive against the Yemeni government in al-Jawf. AQAP traditionally maintained a stronghold in the northwest al-Qayfa tribal area and wider al-Quraishyah District of the governorate. Due to this, AQAP shifted its main focus away from the Islamic State and towards Houthi forces, attempting to attract anti-Houthi tribes in the al-Bayda. By 11 August, the Houthis had been advancing rapidly towards northern al-Bayda,[106] and by 19 August they had claimed to secure Wald Rabi' and al-Quraishyah districts.[107] By the end of August, the Houthis had evicted AQAP out of many areas of al-Qayfa, dealing a major blow to the group.[108]

On 15 August, AQAP killed and crucified dentist Motthar al-Youssoufi in As Sawma'ah, al-Bayda, accusing him of spying for the US government.[109] On 25 August, they destroyed his clinic with explosives.[110]

### 2021

[edit]

Since AQAP was expelled from the al-Qayfa district in the northwestern region of al-Bayda in 2020, its activities in 2021 were largely confined to the Al-Sawma'ah, Dhi Na'im and Mukayras districts in the southeast, near the borders of Abyan and Shabwah. Despite their defeat in the governorate, almost 60% of AQAP activities were reported to be in al-Bayda. The group continued their campaign of retrenchment, reporting the lowest level of activity in several years.[111]

On 4 February, a UN report indicated that Khalid Batarfi had been detained and imprisoned since October of the previous year after an operation in Ghayda City, Al-Mahrah governorate.[112] AQAP later released a video featuring Batarfi to disprove their claim.[113]

### 2022

[edit]

Since 2022, AQAP has gradually shifted its activities towards the southern portion of Yemen after failure to regroup in the north, with more than 70% of the group's activities taking place in Abyan and Shabwah. After June 2022, there have been no recorded violent interactions between Houthi forces and AQAP. This may be the realization of a possible strategic shift within the group since 2020, whereby AQAP's main targets are now the Southern Movement and the Yemeni government, rather than Houthi forces. This change in strategy may be the result of AQAP's growing influence under Saif al-Adel, an Egyptian citizen based in Iran with ties to the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps.[111]

AQAP kidnapped 5 workers a part of the UN Department of Security and Safety in Abyan on February 11. The group demanded a ransom and the release of numerous members imprisoned by the government of Yemen.[114] The workers were eventually released in August 2023.[115]

On 15 April, a prison break occurred in Seiyun, Hadhramaut governorate, allowing 10 AQAP members to escape. The prisoners collaborated with a few guards and AQAP militants from the outside, staging a fight before overpowering the guards and fleeing.[116]

Large clashes occurred between AQAP and Security Belt forces on 6 May north of Dhale, Dhale governorate. AQAP members arrested by the Security Belt refused to disarm themselves once they arrived at Security Belt headquarters, leading to a battle which killed 2 Security Belt commanders and 7 AQAP fighters.[117]

On 22 June, AQAP was suspected of launching attacks in both Abyan and Shabwah Governorates that killed 10 Yemeni army soldiers altogether. An ambush on a military convoy in Abyan killed 5, while an attack on a checkpoint in Ataq, Shabwah killed another 5.[118]

In August 2022, the once-vaunted Al-Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula was shown to be greatly weakened when none of the group's leaders were deemed potential successors to Ayman al-Zawahiri as leader of al-Qaeda following his death.[119] According to a UN report published in February 2023, Al-Adel is also said to have succeeded al-Zawahiri at al-Qaeda's center, likely further expanding his influence over AQAP.[120]

The UAE-backed Southern Transitional Council (STC) launched Operation Arrows of the East after the conclusion of a larger offensive against government allies on August 22, with the goal of expelling AQAP from Abyan governorate.[121] The operation occurred amid a power vacuum within areas of Abyan which the pro-Yemeni government al-Islah party retreated from due to STC advances. The STC entered the governorate through Shuqrah and proceeded to push towards Lawdar as well as the border with Shabwah.[122] In retaliation, AQAP activities surged heavily, with the group carrying out numerous attacks against STC forces, such as an attack on the Security Belt Forces in Ahwar district on September 6 which killed 21 STC soldiers and 6 AQAP fighters.[123]

On 9 October, a roadside bomb detonated in Wadi Omran, leaving 4 Yemeni army soldiers dead along with several others injured. AQAP was responsible for the bombing, though authorities were unsure if the bomb was planted recently or before the group was defeated in the area.[124]

### 2023

[edit]

On 11 June, AQAP claimed responsibility for an attack on a military outpost in Shabwah, killing 2 Yemeni army soldiers and wounding 3. The attack was seen as a display of strength by AQAP despite its losses from the STC operation the previous year.[125]

On 1 August, an AQAP attack in Wadi Omran left at least 5 STC soldiers and wounded another 4. The attackers utilized mortars, artillery and rocket-propelled grenades before retreating.[126]

On 10 August, an AQAP bombing of a Security Belt convoy passing through Abyan left 3 soldiers and commander Abdullatif Al-Sayed dead.[127]

### 2024

[edit]

In an announcement on 10 March, AQAP reported the death of emir Khalid Batarfi, along the selection of his successor Sa'ad bin Atef al-Awlaki. The announcement did not provide a cause as to how Batarfi died, leading to speculation that he had died by natural causes.[128]

On 24 March, AQAP ambushed an STC patrol in Wadi Omran, triggering a firefight which killed 2 soldiers and wounded 4. The militants also burned the vehicle of the patrol group.[129]

On 29 April, an AQAP IED attack targeted an STC military vehicle in Mudiyah District, Abyan. The blast reportedly killed six soldiers belonging to the Southern Armed Forces and wounded 11 others.[130]

Ansar al-Sharia carried out a drone strike on UAE-backed forces in Wadi Omran. The attack was carried out with a UAV armed with a common modified air-dropped 40x53mm M430A1 pattern (HEDP) grenade on July 2024.

A suicide car bomb carried out by AQAP on 16 August against the STC targeted the military barracks of the Security Belt Backup and Support Forces' 3rd Brigade in Mudiyah, Abyan. The attack resulted in 16 soldiers killed and over 20 injured. The bombing served as the groups first suicide attack since March 2022.[131]

## Operations and activities outside of the Arabian Peninsula

[edit]

### 2009

[edit]

On 1 June, American citizen Abdulhakim Mujahid Muhammad (formerly Carlos Leon Bledsoe) carried out a drive-by-shooting on a US army recruiting office in Little Rock, Arkansas, killing a soldier and injuring another.[132] Muhammad had moved to Yemen in 2007, accepting a job to teach English. He was arrested by Yemeni authorities in 2008 for overstaying his visa and forging Somali identification papers, potentially in order to train with al-Shabaab. He was deported back to America in 2009.[133] In a note requesting a plea deal from the judge, he claimed to be a member of al-Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula, though authorities and the lead prosecutor suspected that he had acted alone.[134]

In the aftermath of the shooting at Fort Hood, Texas on 5 November, the FBI revealed that the shooter, Major Nidal Hasan, had communicated with Anwar al-Awlaki via emails from December 2008 to some time in 2009, though officials at the time didn't perceive it as a threat. The emails reportedly contained "social and religious guidance", but no evidence that the attack was directed by Awlaki or a foreign group.[135]

On 25 December, Nigerian student Umar Farouk Abdulmutallab attempted to bomb Northwest Airlines Flight 253 while it approached its destination in Detroit, Michigan.[136] As it prepared to land, Abdulmutallab tried to detonate PETN explosives attached to his underwear, but the device failed to detonate properly. AQAP took responsibility for the attempted bombing on 28 December, claiming that they supplied the explosives to the perpetrator along with instructions to detonate it.[137] Abdulmutallab had previously travelled to Yemen multiple times before the incident, once in 2005 in order to study Arabic, and again in the fall of 2009, meeting with and likely planning the bombing with various AQAP members, including Anwar al-Awlaki.[138]

### 2010

[edit]

A cargo plane bomb plot was discovered on 29 October, when two packages containing plastic explosives were found on cargo aircrafts, based on intelligence received from government intelligence agencies, in the United Kingdom and the United Arab Emirates. The packages originated from Yemen, and were addressed to outdated addresses of two Jewish institutions in Chicago, Illinois, one of which was the Congregation Or Chadash, an LGBT synagogue.[139] Al-Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula took responsibility for the plot.[140] It posted its acceptance of responsibility on a number of radical Islamist websites monitored by the SITE Intelligence Group and the Nine Eleven Finding Answers Foundation, and wrote:

> We will continue to strike blows against American interests and the interest of America's allies.

It also claimed responsibility for the crash of a UPS Boeing 747-400 cargo plane in Dubai on 3 September. The statement continued:

> ...since both operations were successful, we intend to spread the idea to our mujahedeen brothers in the world and enlarge the circle of its application to include civilian aircraft in the West as well as cargo aircraft.[140][141][142][143]

American authorities had said they believed that al-Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula was behind the plot.[139] Officials in the United Kingdom and the United States believe that it is most likely that the bombs were designed to destroy the planes carrying them.[144]

In November, the group announced a strategy, called "Operation Hemorrhage", which it said was designed to capitalize on the "security phobia that is sweeping America." The program would call for a large number of inexpensive, small-scale attacks against United States interests, with the intent of weakening the U.S. economy.[145]

### 2012

[edit]

American and Saudi intelligence agencies foiled an AQAP plot to smuggle a bomb onto a plane bound to the United States on 8 May. The CIA had detected the plot by mid-April, and dispatched an operative to pose as a suicide bomber for the group, requesting them to give him the explosives, which were promptly turned over to the CIA. The bomb was manufactured by Ibrahim al-Asiri.[146][147]

### 2015

[edit]

On 7 January, Saïd Kouachi and Chérif Kouachi attacked French satirical newspaper Charlie Hebdo, resulting in 11 French citizens killed and another 11 injured. Before the attack, the French-born brothers of Algerian descent stated they were members of "al-Qaeda in the Yemen", to an eyewitness.[148] On 9 January, AQAP confirmed responsibility for the Charlie Hebdo shooting in a speech from top Shariah cleric Harith bin Ghazi al-Nadhari. The motive for the attack was to "gain revenge for the honor" of prophet Muhammad, who was depicted in a cartoon published by the newspaper.[149]

### 2019

[edit]

On 6 December, Mohammed Saeed Alshamrani attacked Naval Air Station Pensacola in Pensacola, Florida, killing 3 people and injuring 8. The Saudi-Arabian gunman was a second lieutenant in the Royal Saudi Air Force and was undergoing flight training at the base.[150] AQAP released a message on 2 February claiming responsibility for the shooting.[151] The FBI later confirmed these claims on 18 May 2020, after breaking into Alsharami's phone and uncovering significant connections between him and AQAP since 2015. [152]

## Ansar al-Sharia

[edit]

AQAP fighters in Yemen.

Main article: Ansar al-Sharia (Yemen)

In the wake of the 2011 Yemeni Revolution and the Battle of Zinjibar, an Islamist insurgent organization called Jama'at Ansar al-Shari'a (Arabic: جماعة أنصار الشريعة; Jamāʿat Anṣār aš-Šharīʿa), also known as Ansar al-Shari'a, emerged in Yemen and seized control of areas in the Abyan and surrounding governorates in southern Yemen and declared them an Islamist al-Qaeda Emirate in Yemen. There was heavy fighting with the Yemeni security forces over the control of these territories, with Ansar al-Sharia driven out of most of their territory over 2012.[153]

In April 2011, Shaykh Abu Zubayr Adil bin Abdullah al-Abab, AQAP's chief religious figure, explained the name change as a rebranding exercise: "the name Ansar al-Sharia is what we use to introduce ourselves in areas where we work to tell people about our work and goals."[154]

On 4 October 2012, the United Nations 1267–1989 Al-Qaida Sanctions Committee and the United States Department of State designated Ansar al-Sharia an alias for AQAP,[36] with the State Department describing it as an attempt to attract followers in areas of Yemen where AQAP had been able to establish territorial control and implement its interpretation of Sharia.[36]

## U.S. drone strikes

[edit]

Main article: Targeted killing

US Air Force Predator drone.

A CIA targeted killing drone strike killed Kamal Derwish, an American citizen, and a group of al-Qaeda operatives (including Qaed Salim Sinan al-Harethi) in Yemen in November 2002. Drones became shorthand in Yemen for a weak government allowing foreign forces to have their way.[155]

On 30 September 2011, a US drone attack in Yemen resulted in the death of Anwar al-Awlaki, one of the group's leaders, and Samir Khan, the editor of Inspire, its English-language magazine.[156] Both were US citizens.[157]

The pace of US drone attacks quickened significantly in 2012, with over 20 strikes in the first five months of the year, compared to 10 strikes during the course of 2011.[158]

Over the period 19–21 April 2014, a series of drone attacks on AQAP killed dozens of militants, and at least 3 civilians.[159][160][161][162][163] A spokesperson for the Yemeni Supreme Security Committee described the attacks, which included elements of the Yemeni army as well as US drones, as "massive and unprecedented".[164] The attacks were alleged to have targeted AQAP leadership, with a major AQAP base in Wadi al-Khayala reported to have been destroyed.[165]

From 1 through 8 March 2017, the US conducted 45 airstrikes against AQAP, a record amount of airstrikes conducted against the group by the US in recent history. The airstrikes were reported to have killed hundreds of AQAP militants.[166][167] The US continued its airstrikes afterward. Around 1–2 April 2017, the US carried out another 20 airstrikes, increasing the total number of airstrikes against AQAP in 2017 to 75, nearly double previously yearly record of 41 airstrikes in 2009.[168]

On 31 August 2019, at least 40 al-Qaeda operatives were killed in airstrike carried out by the United States on a training camp in presence of the leaders of Hurras al-Deen, Ansar al-Tawhid and other allied groups in Syria.[169]

## Senior leaders

[edit]

Name | Position | Situation

|
|

Nasir al-Wuhayshi † | Former Emir and founder of AQAP |

* Founder and former Emir of AQAP.[5]
* Deputy Emir and general manager of al-Qaeda.[170][171]
* Killed in a drone strike in June 2015.[1][2]

Qasim al-Raymi † | Former Emir and former military commander |

* Senior military commander in AQAP.[172][173]
* In 2007, he and AQAP leader Nasir al-Wuhayshi announced the emergence of al-Qaida in Yemen, AQAP's predecessor group.[174]
* He played an important role in recruiting the current generation of militants making up the Yemen-based AQAP.[174]
* Succeeded Nasir al-Wuhayshi as leader of AQAP.[2]
* Killed in a drone strike in late January 2020.[175]

Khalid Batarfi# | Former Emir and former senior commander |

* Led jihadist fighters in their takeover of Yemen's Abyan Governorate in 2011, where he was accorded the position of emir.[176][177]
* Former senior military strategist and commander for AQAP forces in Hadhramaut Governorate and coordinated AQAP forces in the Battle of Mukalla.[178]
* Succeeded Qasim al-Raymi as leader of AQAP.
* Died in March 2024.

Sa'ad bin Atef al-Awlaki | Emir and former senior commander |

* Succeeded Khalid Batarfi as leader of AQAP.[179]

Said Ali al-Shihri † | Former Deputy Emir |

* Deputy Emir and highest ranking Saudi official in AQAP.[180]
* Was a former detainee at Guantanamo Bay until released to Saudi Arabia in November 2007.[181]
* Killed in a drone strike in 2013.[182]

Mohamed Atiq Awayd Al Harbi | Field commander |

* Was a former detainee at Guantanamo Bay until released to Saudi Arabia in November 2007.[183]
* Surrendered to Saudi authorities in Yemen in February 2009.[184]

Jalal Bala'idi † | Operational commander |

* Senior military commander in AQAP.
* He played an important role during the AQAP battles in the Abyan province.
* Killed in a drone strike in February 2016.
* Succeeded by his brother Tawfiq Bala'idi.

Muhammad Sa'id Ali Hasan † | Operational commander |

* Senior military commander in AQAP.
* Killed in a drone strike in April 2012.[185]

Ibrahim Sulayman Muhammad al-Rubaysh † | Mufti |

* He was reported to be AQAP's mufti.[186]
* Also served as a senior advisor for AQAP operational planning, and was involved in the planning of attacks.[187]
* Detaineed at Guantanamo Bay until December 2006 when he was handed over to Saudi Arabian authorities, he subsequently escaped to Yemen.[188]
* Killed in a drone strike in April 2015.[189]

Nasser bin Ali al-Ansi † | Senior sharia official |

* Al-Ansi was a senior ranking Shari'a official within AQAP.
* He claimed responsibility for the Charlie Hebdo shooting on behalf of AQAP.[190]
* Killed in a drone strike in April 2015.[191]

Anwar al-Awlaki † | Chief of External Operations |

* Senior recruiter and involved in organizing external operations to be conducted for AQAP.[192][193][194]
* Killed in a drone strike in September 2011.[195]

Harith bin Ghazi al-Nadhari † | Senior sharia official |

* Senior ranking Shari'a official within AQAP.
* He rebuked the Islamic State announcement of expanding their caliphate into Yemen and renewed loyalties to al-Qaeda and its leader, Ayman al-Zawahiri.[196]
* Killed in a drone strike in January 2015.[197]

Ibrahim al-Banna | Chief of Security |

* Has served as AQAP's chief of security.[198]
* He is a founding member of AQAP and provides military and security guidance to the AQAP leadership.[198]

Fahd al-Quso † | Operational commander |

* Wanted by the United States for his involvement in the USS Cole bombing in Aden, Yemen on 12 October 2002.
* Killed in a drone strike in May 2012.

Shawki al-Badani † | Operational commander |

* Played a key role in a plan for a major attack in summer 2013 that led the United States to close 19 diplomatic posts across the Middle East and Africa.
* Killed in a drone strike in November 2014.

Othman Ahmad Othman al-Ghamdi † | Operational commander |

* Al-Ghamdi was involved in raising funds for the organization's operations and activities in Yemen.[199]
* He first appeared in a video released in May 2010, where he was identified publicly as AQAP's operational commander.[199]
* He was a former detainee at Guantanamo Bay detention camp from April 2006 to June 2006 until he was handed over to Saudi Arabian authorities and subsequently released.[194]
* Killed in a drone strike in Yemen in February 2015.[200]
* AQAP confirmed al-Ghamdi's death in September 2018.[201]

Samir Khan † | Editor and publisher of Inspire magazine |

* Khan was the editor and publisher of Inspire magazine, an English-language online magazine published by AQAP.
* Killed in a drone strike in September 2011.

Ibrahim al-Asiri † | Explosives expert |

* Al-Asiri was the chief bomb-maker and weapons specialists for AQAP.[202][203]
* He was reported to have been responsible for making the bombs used by his brother Abdullah al-Asiri in his suicide bombing, the 2009 Christmas Day bomb plot, the 2010 cargo plane bomb plot, and the May 8th 2012 Terror Plot.[204]
* Killed in a drone strike in late 2017.[205][206]

Ibrahim al Qosi | Senior sharia official |

* Al-Qosi was a former detainee at Guantanamo Bay from January 2002 to July 2012 until he was handed over to Sudan after serving a short sentence as part of a plea bargain.

## Members

[edit]

The group has taken advantage of Yemen's "slow collapse into near-anarchy. Widespread corruption, growing poverty and internal fragmentation have helped make Yemen a breeding ground for terror."[207] More than two years later, on 25 April 2012, a suspected US drone strike killed Mohammed Said al-Umdah, a senior AQAP member cited as the number four in the organization and one of the 2006 escapees. He had been convicted of the 2002 tanker bombing and for providing logistical and material support.[208]

Yemeni analyst, Barak Barfi, discounted claims that marriage between the militant group and Yemeni tribes is a widespread practice, though he states that the bulk of AQAP members hail from the tribes.[209]

AQAP is a popular choice for radicalized Americans seeking to join Islamist terror organizations overseas. In 2013 alone, at least three American citizens or permanent residents — Marcos Alonso Zea, Justin Kaliebe, and Shelton Thomas Bell — have attempted to join AQAP.[210] They count among over 50 Americans who have attempted to join terrorist groups overseas, including AQAP, since 2007.[210]

Reportedly, as many as 20 Islamist British nationals traveled to Yemen in 2009 to be trained by AQAP.[211] In February 2012, up to 500 Internationalistas from Somalia's Al Shabaab, after getting cornered by a Kenyan offensive and conflict with Al Shabaab national legions, fled to Yemen.[212] It is likely that a number of this group merged with AQAP. The following is a list of people who have been purported to be AQAP members. Most, but not all, are or were Saudi nationals. Roughly half have appeared on Saudi "most wanted" lists. In the left column is the rank of each member in the original 2003 list of the 26 most wanted.

Most
wanted  | English  | Arabic  | Notes

|
|
|

| Yousif Saleh Fahd al-'Uyayri (or Ayyiri, etc.)  | يوسف صالح فهد العييري  | leader, writer, and webmaster, killed June 2003 in Saudi Arabia[213]
3  | Khalid Ali bin Ali Hajj | خالد علي بن علي حاج  | leader, killed in Riyadh March or April 2004[214]
1  | Abdulaziz Issa Abdul-Muhsin al-Muqrin | عبد العزيز عيسى عبد المحسن المقرن  | leader, killed in Riyadh 18 June 2004[215][216][217]
5  | Saleh Muhammad 'Audhuallah al-'Alawi al-Oufi | صالح محمد عوض الله العلوي العوفي  | leader, killed 17 or 18 August 2005 in Medina[218]
2  | Rakan Muhsin Mohammed al-Saikhan  | راكان محسن محمد الصيخان  | killed 12 April 2004 in Riyadh
7  | Saud Hamoud 'Abid al-Qatini al-'Otaibi | سعود حمود عبيد القطيني العتيبي  | senior member, one of 15 killed in a 3-day battle in Ar Rass April 2005[219][220]
4  | Abdul Kareem Al-Majati | عبد الكريم المجاطي  | Moroccan, killed with Saud al-Otaibi at Ar Rass,[219] was wanted in the USA under the name Karim El Mejjati
6  | Ibrahim Muhammad Abdullah al-Rais  | إبراهيم محمد عبدا لله الريس  | killed 8 December 2003 in Riyadh
8  | Ahmad Abdul-Rahman Saqr al-Fadhli | أحمد عبدالرحمن صقر الفضلي  | killed 22 April 2004 in Jeddah
9  | Sultan Jubran Sultan al-Qahtani alias Zubayr Al-Rimi | سلطان جبران سلطان القحطاني  | q.v., killed 23 September 2003 in Jizan
10  | Abdullah Saud Al-Siba'i  | عبد الله سعود السباعي  | killed 29 December 2004[221]
11  | Faisal Abdul-Rahman Abdullah al-Dakhil  | فيصل عبدالرحمن عبدالله الدخيل  | killed with al-Muqrin[216]
12  | Faris al-Zahrani | فارس آل شويل الزهراني  | ideologue, captured 5 August 2004 in Abha[222]
13  | Khalid Mobarak Habeeb-Allah al-Qurashi  | خالد مبارك حبيب الله القرشي  | killed 22 April 2004 in Jeddah
14  | Mansoor Muhammad Ahmad Faqeeh  | منصور محمد أحمد فقيه  | surrendered 30 December 2003 in Najran
15  | 'Issa Saad Muhammad bin 'Ushan  | عيسى سعد محمد بن عوشن  | ideologue, killed 20 July 2004 in Riyadh
16  | Talib Saud Abdullah Al Talib  | طالب سعود عبدالله آل طالب  | at large; (last of the original 26)
17  | Mustafa Ibrahim Muhammad Mubaraki  | مصطفى إبراهيم محمد مباركي  | killed 22 April 2004 in Jeddah
18  | Abdul-Majiid Mohammed al-Mani'  | عبد المجيد محمد المنيع  | ideologue, killed 12 October 2004 in Riyadh[223]
19  | Nasir Rashid Nasir Al-Rashid  | ناصر راشد ناصر الراشد  | killed 12 April 2004 in Riyadh
| Sultan bin Bajad Al-Otaibi  | سلطان بن بجاد العتيبي  | spokesman[224] and writer for al-Qaeda, killed 28 or 29 December 2004[225]
20  | Bandar Abdul-Rahman Abdullah al-Dakhil  | بندر عبدالرحمن عبدالله الدخيل  | killed December 2004[225]
21  | Othman Hadi Al Maqboul Almardy al-'Amari | عثمان هادي آل مقبول العمري  | recanted, under an amnesty deal, 28 June 2004 in Namas[226][227]
22  | Talal A'nbar Ahmad 'Anbari  | طلال عنبر أحمد عنبري  | killed 22 April 2004 in Jeddah
23  | 'Amir Muhsin Moreef Al Zaidan Al-Shihri  | عامر محسن مريف آل زيدان الشهري  | killed 6 November 2003 in Riyadh[228]
24  | Abdullah Muhammad Rashid al-Rashoud | عبد الله محمد راشد الرشود  | q.v., ideologue, killed May or June 2005 in Iraq
25  | Abdulrahman Mohammad Mohammad Yazji | عبدالرحمن محمد محمد يازجي  | killed 6 April 2005[221]
26  | Hosain Mohammad Alhasaki  | حسين محمد الحسكي  | Moroccan, held in Belgium[221]
| Turki N. M. al-Dandani  | تركي ناصر مشعل الدندني  | cell leader, a former # 1 most wanted,[229] died by suicide July 2003 in al-Jawf[230]
| Ibrahim bin Abdul-Aziz bin Muhammad al-Muzaini  | إبراهيم بن عبد العزيز بن محمد المزين  | killed with Khalid Ali Hajj[214]
| Abdul-Rahman Mohammed Jubran al-Yazji  | عبدالكريم محمد جبران اليازجي  | killed 2 June 2004 in Ta'if[citation needed]
| Mohammed Othman Abdullah al-Waleedi al-Shuhri  | محمد عثمان عبدالله الوليدي الشهري  | [229]
| Mansour Faqeeh  | منصور فقيه  | surrendered[231]
| Hamid Fahd Abdullah al-Salmi al-Shamri  | حمد فهد عبدالله الأسلمي الشمري  | [229]
| Ahmad Nasser Abdullah al-Dakhil  | أحمد ناصر عبدالله الدخيل  | [229] (dead)
| Turki bin Fuheid al-Mutairi a/k/a Fawaz al-Nashimi  | تركي بن فيهد المطيري  | killed with al-Muqrin[216]
| Jubran Ali Hakmi  | جبران علي حكمي  | [232]
| Hani Said Ahmed Abdul-Karim al-Ghamdi  | هاني سعيد أحمد عبد الكريم الغامدي  | [232]
| Ali Abdul-Rahman al-Ghamdi  | علي عبد الرحمن الغامدي  | surrendered 26 June 2003[233]
| Bandar bin Abdul-Rahman al-Ghamdi  | بندر عبد الرحمن الغامدي  | captured September 2003 in Yemen[234] and extradited to KSA
| Fawaz Yahya al-Rabi'i | فواز يحيى الربيعي  | q.v., killed 1 October 2006 in Yemen
| Abdul-Rahman Mansur Jabarah  | عبدالرحمن منصور جبارة  | "Canadian-Kuwaiti of Iraqi origin",[229] dead according to al-Qaeda; brother of Kuwaiti-Canadian Mohamed Mansour Jabarah
| Adnan bin Abdullah al-Omari  |  | captured somewhere outside KSA, extradited to KSA November 2005[235]
| Abdul-Rahman al-Mutib  |  | killed in al Qasim December 2005[236]
| Muhammad bin Abdul-Rahman al-Suwailmi, alias Abu Mus'ab al-Najdi  | محمد بن عبد الرحمن السويلمي  | killed in al Qasim December 2005[236]
According to Saudi authorities,[237] these 12 died or were killed while committing the Riyadh compound bombings on 12 May 2003. Several were previously wanted.
| Khaled Mohammad Muslim Al-Juhani | خالد محمد مسلم الجهني  | leader of this group
| Abdul-Karim Mohammed Jubran Yazji  | عبد الكريم محمد جبران اليازجي  |
| Mohammed Othman Abdullah Al-Walidi Al-Shehri  | ومحمد عثمان عبد الله الوليدي الشهري  |
| Hani Saeed Ahmad Al Abdul-Karim Al-Ghamdi  | هاني سعيد أحمد عبد الكريم الغامدي  |
| Jubran Ali Ahmad Hakami Khabrani  | جبران علي أحمد حكمي خبراني  |
| Khaled bin Ibrahim Mahmoud  | خالد بن إبراهيم محمود  | called "Baghdadi"
| Mehmas bin Mohammed Mehmas Al-Hawashleh Al-Dosari  | محماس بن محمد محماس الهواشلة الدوسري  |
| Mohammed bin Shadhaf Ali Al-Mahzoum Al-Shehri  | محمد بن شظاف علي آل محزوم الشهري  |
| Hazem Mohammed Saeed  | حازم محمد سعيد  | called "Kashmiri"
| Majed Abdullah Sa'ad bin Okail  | ماجد عبدالله سعد بن عكيل  |
| Bandar bin Abdul-Rahman Menawer Al-Rahimi Al-Mutairi  | بندر بن عبد الرحمن منور الرحيمي المطيري  |
| Abdullah Farres bin Jufain Al-Rahimi Al-Mutairi  | عبدالله فارس بن جفين الرحيمي المطيري  |
| Abdullah Hassan Al Aseery | عبد الله حسن عسيري  | Died trying to assassinate a Saudi prince in October 2009.
The following five were reported killed in Dammam in early September 2005.[238]
| Zaid Saad Zaid al-Samari  |  | a former most wanted, killed by Saudi forces in 2005[239]
| Saleh Mansour Mohsen al-Fereidi al-Harbi  |  |
| Sultan Saleh Hussan al-Haseri  |  |
| Naif Farhan Jalal al-Jehaishi al-Shammari  |  |
| Mohammed Abdul-Rahman Mohammed al-Suwailmi  |  |
| Abu Hareth Muhammad al-Oufi |  | Former Guantanamo captive who appeared in threatening YouTube video in January 2009, and who voluntarily turned himself in to Saudi authorities a month later.[240]
| Anders Cameroon Østensvig Dale,[241] also known as Abu Abdurrahman – al Faranghi[242] |  | A convert; he is imprisoned in Yemen (as of Q1 2023);[241] allegedly trained as a bombmaker[241]—hunted by CIA, MI5 and Politiets sikkerhetstjeneste, since 2012.

## See also

[edit]

* Barry Walter Bujol

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[edit]

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224. ^ SITE notice Archived 28 September 2007 at the Wayback Machine about Sultan al-Otaibi
225. ^ a b Australian Broadcasting Corp. on Sultan al-Otaibi and Bandar al-Dakhil, 31 December 2004
226. ^ Top Saudi militant surrenders Archived 2017-05-01 at the Wayback Machine, The Tribune (of India), 29 June 2004
227. ^ Islam Today Archived 2006-12-14 at the Wayback Machine report of mediation in the surrender of Othman al-'Amri. The mediator was Safir al-Hawali; see Salman al-Ouda.
228. ^ Death confirmed of wanted terrorist suspect Alshihri, Embassy of Saudi Arabia to USA, 22 February 2004
229. ^ a b c d e KSA's 19 most wanted Archived 28 September 2007 at the Wayback Machine and other information, San'a' Al-Watan, 1 May 2004
230. ^ Royal Crackdown Archived 5 February 2012 at the Wayback Machine, by John Walsh, Harvard International Review, Fall 2003; about Turki al-Dandani. Details are at present available only in Arabic.
231. ^ New Pictures of Most Wanted 7 Released Archived 2017-02-02 at the Wayback Machine, Arab News, 20 August 2004
232. ^ a b Riyadh Daily Archived 14 November 2010 at the Wayback Machine, 12 May 2003 (in Arabic)
233. ^ Key Riyadh bombings suspect gives up Archived 2011-05-22 at the Wayback Machine, CNN, 26–27 June 2003
234. ^ Summary of several captures Archived 2004-06-25 at the Wayback Machine in the Arabian Peninsula, BBC, 4 March 2004
235. ^ Report on al-Omari Archived 2017-02-02 at the Wayback Machine, BBC News, 8 November 2005
236. ^ a b Saudis 'kill militant fugitive' Archived 2017-02-02 at the Wayback Machine, BBC, 28 December 2005
237. ^ Saudi government identifies 12 dead bombers Archived 2018-07-14 at the Wayback Machine re the Riyadh residential compound attack
238. ^ Saudi Arabia says 5 militants slain belonged to al-Qaeda Archived 2011-06-22 at the Wayback Machine, Associated Press, 8 September 2005
239. ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 15 January 2015. Retrieved 5 August 2013.`{{cite web}}`: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
240. ^ Maggie Michael (23 January 2009). "Report: Ex-Gitmo Detainee Joins Al-Qaida in Yemen". ABC News. Archived from the original on 24 October 2009.
241. ^ a b c UD vil ikke love hjelp til fengslet nordmann i Jemen Archived 29 March 2023 at the Wayback Machine Nettavisen.no. Retrieved 2023-03-29
242. ^ Vikås, Marianne; Coombs, Casey L.; Johnsrud, Ingar; Akerhaug, Lars; Tom Bakkeli (2 July 2012). "none". Verdens Gang (in Norwegian). p. 12.

## Bibliography

[edit]

* Johnsen, Gregory (2012). The Last Refuge: Yemen, al-Qaeda, and America's War in Arabia, Scribe, Melbourne. ISBN 9781922070012.

## Further reading

[edit]

* Peter Knoope, "AQAP: A Local Problem, a Global Concern". The Hague: International Centre for Counter-Terrorism, 2013.

## External links

[edit]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to AQAP.

* Al-Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula Archived 2017-05-15 at the Wayback Machine, Council on Foreign Relations
* Al-Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula (AQAP), Counter Extremism Project
* AQAP in Yemen, Center for Strategic and International Studies (CSIS)
* Al-Qa‘ida in the Arabian Peninsula (AQAP), U.S. National Counterterrorism Center
* Al-Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula collected news and commentary at The New York Times
* https://wayback.archive-it.org/all/20110203072433/http://armiesofliberation.com/archives/2008/09/21/al-qaeda-in-yemen-timeline/, Jane Novak, Armies of Liberation, 21 September 2008
* Profile: Al-Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula, BBC News, 31 October 2010
* Factbox: AQAP, Al Qaeda's Yemen-based wing, Reuters, 22 March 2011

* v
* t
* e

Al-Qaeda

Leadership|

* Saif al-Adel
* Abd al-Rahman al-Maghribi
* Ahmad Umar
* Iyad Ag Ghaly
* Ezedin Abdel Aziz Khalil
* Abu Ubaidah Youssef al-Annabi
* Ali Sayyid Muhamed Mustafa al-Bakri
* Ibrahim al-Banna
* Ibrahim al Qosi
* Abu Walid al-Masri
* Mohammed Showqi Al-Islambouli
* Abdukadir Mohamed Abdukadir
* Fuad Qalaf
* Jehad Mostafa
* Abu Humam al-Shami
* Sami al-Oraydi

Former
leadership|

| Killed|

* Osama bin Laden (killing)
* Ayman al-Zawahiri (killing)
* Mohammed Atef
* Qaed Salim Sinan al-Harethi
* Mustafa Mohamed Fadhil
* Haitham al-Yemeni
* Abu Hamza Rabia
* Muhsin Musa Matwalli Atwah
* Abu Musab al-Zarqawi
* Omar al-Faruq
* Haitham al-Badri
* Abu Yaqub al-Masri
* Abu Talha al-Sudani
* Abu Laith al-Libi
* Abu Sulayman Al-Jazairi
* Midhat Mursi
* Mohamed Moumou
* Khalid Habib
* Abu Ghadiya
* Abu Zubair al-Masri
* Rashid Rauf
* Mohammad Hasan Khalil al-Hakim
* Fahid Mohammed Ally Msalam
* Sheikh Ahmed Salim Swedan
* Saad bin Laden
* Saleh Ali Saleh Nabhan
* Abdullah Said al Libi
* Saleh al-Somali
* Saeed al-Masri
* Hamza al-Jawfi
* Ahmed Mohammed Hamed Ali
* Mohamed Abul-Khair
* Sheikh Fateh
* Huthaifa al-Batawi
* Ilyas Kashmiri
* Fazul Abdullah Mohammed
* Atiyah Abd al-Rahman
* Anwar al-Awlaki
* Samir Khan
* Tariq al-Dahab
* Muhammad Sa'id Ali Hasan
* Fahd al-Quso
* Abu Yahya al-Libi
* Hassan Ghul
* Abu-Zaid al Kuwaiti
* Said Ali al-Shihri
* Farman Ali Shinwari
* Abdelhamid Abou Zeid
* Ibrahim Haji Jama Mee'aad
* Abu Mansoor Al-Amriki
* Said Bahaji
* Abu Khalid al-Suri
* Omar Ould Hamaha
* Ahmed Abdi Godane
* Abu Yusuf Al-Turki
* Adnan Gulshair el Shukrijumah
* Adam Yahiye Gadahn
* Harith bin Ghazi al-Nadhari
* Othman Ahmad Othman al-Ghamdi
* Ibrahim Sulayman Muhammad al-Rubaysh
* Nasser bin Ali al-Ansi
* Nasir al-Wuhayshi
* Muhsin al-Fadhli
* Abu Khalil al-Madani
* Matiur Rehman
* Abu Firas al-Suri
* Ahmed Refai Taha
* Mokhtar Belmokhtar
* Abu Khayr al-Masri
* Ibrahim al-Asiri
* Hamza bin Laden
* Sari Shihab
* Asim Umar
* Qasim al-Raymi
* Abdelmalek Droukdel
* Khalid al-Aruri
* Abdullah Ahmed Abdullah
* Abu Muhsin al-Masri

|

Captured|

* Mamdouh Mahmud Salim
* Wadih el-Hage
* Khalid al-Fawwaz
* Abd al-Rahim al-Nashiri
* Khalid Sheikh Mohammed
* Walid bin Attash
* Riduan Isamuddin
* Ali al-Bahlul
* Ahmed Ghailani
* Abu Faraj al-Libbi
* Mustafa Setmariam Nasar
* Abdul Hadi al Iraqi
* Muhammad Jafar Jamal al-Kahtani
* Mohamed Atiq Awayd Al Harbi
* Younis al-Mauritani
* Sulaiman Abu Ghaith
* Abu Anas al-Libi
* Muhanad Mahmoud Al Farekh
* Mukhtar Robow
* Amin al-Haq

Other|

* Abu Ubaidah al-Banshiri (died)
* Abu Ubaidah al-Masri (died)
* Mahfouz Ould al-Walid (left)
* Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi (expelled)
* Abu Mohammad al-Julani (left)
* Abu Maria al-Qahtani (left)
* Ahmad Salama Mabruk (left)
* Abu Omar al-Turkistani (left)
* Abu Sulayman al-Muhajir (left)
* Khalid Batarfi (died)

Timeline
of attacks|

* 1998 United States embassy bombings
* 2000 USS Cole bombing
* 2001 September 11 attacks
* 2002 Bali bombings
* 2004 Madrid train bombings
* 2005 London bombings
* 2007 Algiers bombings
* 2008 Islamabad Danish embassy bombing
* 2008 Islamabad Marriott Hotel bombing
* 2013 In Amenas hostage crisis
* 2013 Westgate shopping mall attack
* 2015 Charlie Hebdo shooting
* 2015 Garissa University College attack
* 2015 Bamako hotel attack
* 2016 Ouagadougou attacks
* 2016 Grand-Bassam shootings
* 2016 Bamako attack
* 2019 Naval Air Station Pensacola shooting

Wars|

* Soviet–Afghan War
* Afghan Civil War (1989–1992)
* Afghan Civil War (1992–1996)
* First Chechen War
* Afghan Civil War (1996–2001)
* Second Chechen War
* War in Afghanistan (2001–2021)
* Iraq War
* Somali Civil War
* War in North-West Pakistan (drone strikes)
* Insurgency in the Maghreb (2002–present)
* Syrian civil war
* Yemeni civil war (2014–present)
* Al-Qaeda insurgency in Yemen
* Houthi insurgency

Affiliates|

* Al-Shabaab (Somalia)
* Al-Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula (Yemen)
* Al-Qaeda in the Islamic Maghreb (North Africa)
* Egyptian Islamic Jihad (Egypt)
* Al-Qaeda in the Indian subcontinent (Indian subcontinent)
* Jama'at Nasr al-Islam wal Muslimin (Mali)
* Hurras al-Din (Syria)

Charity organizations|

* Benevolence International Foundation
* Al-Haramain Foundation

Media|

* Al Qaeda Handbook
* Al Neda
* As-Sahab
* Fatawā of Osama bin Laden
* Inspire
* Al-Khansaa
* Kuala Lumpur al-Qaeda Summit
* Management of Savagery
* Voice of Jihad
* Qaedat al-Jihad
* Global Islamic Media Front

Video and audio|

* Videos and audio recordings of Osama bin Laden
* Videos and audio recordings of Ayman al-Zawahiri
* USS Cole bombing

Related|

* Safe houses
* Saddam–al-Qaeda conspiracy theory
* Timeline

Category:Al-Qaeda

* v
* t
* e

Islamism

| Outline|

* Islamism
* Qutbism
* Khomeinism
* Salafism
* Salafi jihadism
* Shia Islamism

|

Concepts|

* Islamic governance
* Guardianship of the Islamic Jurists
* Islamic democracy
* Islamic feminism
* Islamic socialism
* Islamic state
* Islamic monarchy
* Islamic republic
* Islamic emirate
* Islamistan
* Islamization
* of knowledge
* Pan-Islamism
* Post-Islamism
* Sharia
* Shura
* Turkish model
* Two-nation theory
* Ummah

Movements|

| Socio-political|

* Deobandi
* Hizb ut-Tahrir
* in Britain
* in Central Asia
* Islamic Defenders Front
* Jamaat-e-Islami
* Millî Görüş
* Muslim Brotherhood
* in Egypt
* in Syria

|

Political parties|

* Freedom and Justice Party
* Green Algeria Alliance
* Ennahda
* Hadas
* Hezbollah
* Islamic Salvation Front
* Bangladesh Jamaat-e-Islami
* Jamaat-e-Islami Pakistan
* Jamiat-e Islami
* Justice and Construction Party
* Justice and Development Party (Morocco)
* Justice and Development Party (Turkey)
* National Congress
* National Iraqi Alliance
* Malaysian Islamic Party
* Prosperous Justice Party
* Al Wefaq
* Welfare Party
* Fatah Alliance
* State of Law Coalition
* Islamic Action Front
* United Arab List

Related|

* Ansar Allah
* Taliban
* Islamic modernism

Political leaders

* Muhammad Abduh
* Jamāl al-Dīn al-Afghānī
* Qazi Hussain Ahmad
* Hibatullah Akhundzada
* Muhammad Asad
* Hassan al-Banna
* Recep Tayyip Erdoğan
* Necmettin Erbakan
* Muammar Gaddafi
* Rached Ghannouchi
* Safwat Hegazi
* Muhammad Iqbal
* Alija Izetbegović
* Ali Khamenei
* Ruhollah Khomeini
* Abul A'la Maududi
* Abul Hasan Ali Hasani Nadwi
* Taqi al-Din al-Nabhani
* Mullah Omar
* Yusuf al-Qaradawi
* Sayyid Qutb
* Tariq Ramadan
* Ata Abu Rashta
* Rashid Rida
* Navvab Safavi
* Omar Bongo
* Ali Shariati
* Haji Shariatullah
* Hassan Al-Turabi
* Malcolm X
* Ahmed Yassin
* Zia-ul-Haq
* Muhammad Rizieq Shihab

Salafi movement

| Movements|

| Scholastic|

* Ahl-i Hadith
* Madkhalism
* Sahwa movement
* Wahhabism

|

Political|

* Al Asalah
* Authenticity Party
* Al-Islah
* Al-Nour Party
* Islamist Bloc
* People Party
* Young Kashgar Party

Major figures|

* Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab
* Al-Albani
* Ibn Baz
* Muqbil bin Hadi al-Wadi'i
* Safar al-Hawali
* Rabee al-Madkhali
* Muhammad Al-Munajjid
* Zakir Naik
* Salman al-Ouda
* Ali al-Tamimi
* Al-Uthaymin

Related|

* International propagation of Salafism and Wahhabism
* Islamic religious police
* Petro-Islam
* Sufi–Salafi relations

Militant Islamism/Jihadism

| Ideology|

* Qutbism
* Salafi jihadism

|

Movements|

* Militant Islamism based in
* MENA region
* Egyptian Islamic Jihad
* Fatah al-Islam
* Hamas
* Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant
* South Asia
* Taliban
* Lashkar-e-Taiba
* Southeast Asia
* Abu Sayyaf
* Sub-Saharan Africa
* Boko Haram
* al-Shabaab
* al-Qaeda
* in the Arabian Peninsula
* in Iraq
* in North Africa

Major figures|

* Hibatullah Akhundzada
* Anwar al-Awlaki
* Abdullah Yusuf Azzam
* Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi
* Osama bin Laden
* Akhtar Mansour
* Mullah Omar
* Juhayman al-Otaybi
* Omar Abdel-Rahman
* Ayman al-Zawahiri

Related|

* Islam and violence
* Islamic extremism
* Islamic terrorism
* Jihad
* Mujahideen
* Slavery
* Talibanization

Other topics

| Texts|

* Reconstruction (Iqbal, 1930s)
* Forty Hadith (Khomeini, 1940)
* Principles (Asad, 1961)
* Milestones (Qutb, 1964)
* Islamic Government (Khomeini, 1970)
* Islamic Declaration (Izetbegović, 1969-1970)
* The Green Book (Gaddafi, 1975)

|

Historical
events|

* Zia-ul-Haq's Islamization
* Iranian Revolution
* Grand Mosque seizure
* Soviet invasion of Afghanistan
* Cairo Declaration on Human Rights in Islam
* Popular Arab and Islamic Congress
* Algerian Civil War
* Faith campaign
* September 11 attacks
* War on terror
* Arab Spring
* Arab Winter

Influences|

* Anti-imperialism
* Anti-Zionism
* Contemporary Islamic philosophy
* Islamic response to modernity
* Islamic revival

by region|

* Balkans
* Gaza Strip
* Sudan
* United Kingdom

Related topics|

* Criticism
* Political aspects of Islam
* Political Islam

* Islam in South Asia
* North Africa

* v
* t
* e

War on terror

* September 11 attacks
* War in Afghanistan (2001-2021) (Withdrawal)
* Iraq War (2003–2011) (Withdrawal)
* Symbolism of terrorism

Participants|

| Operational|

* ISAF
* Operation Enduring Freedom participants
* Afghanistan
* Northern Alliance
* Iraq (Iraqi Armed Forces)
* NATO
* Pakistan
* United Kingdom
* United States
* European Union
* Philippines
* Ethiopia

|

Targets|

| Individuals|

* Osama bin Laden
* Hamza bin Laden
* Anwar al-Awlaki
* Sirajuddin Haqqani
* Jalaluddin Haqqani
* Anas Haqqani
* Khalil Haqqani
* Hafiz Saeed
* Mahmoud Mohamed Ahmed Bahaziq
* Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi

|

Factions|

* al-Qaeda
* al-Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula
* Abu Sayyaf
* Al-Shabaab
* Boko Haram
* Harkat-ul-Jihad al-Islami
* Hizbul Mujahideen
* Islamic Courts Union
* Jaish-e-Mohammed
* Jemaah Islamiyah
* Lashkar-e-Taiba
* Taliban
* Islamic Movement of Uzbekistan
* Islamic State

Conflicts|

| Operation
Enduring Freedom|

* War in Afghanistan
* OEF – Philippines
* Georgia Train and Equip Program
* Georgia Sustainment and Stability
* OEF – Horn of Africa
* OEF – Trans Sahara
* Drone strikes in Pakistan

|

Other|

* Operation Active Endeavour
* Insurgency in the Maghreb (2002–present)
* Insurgency in the North Caucasus
* Moro conflict in the Philippines
* Iraq War
* Iraqi insurgency
* Operation Linda Nchi
* Terrorism in Saudi Arabia
* Insurgency in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
* War in Somalia (2006–2009)
* 2007 Lebanon conflict
* al-Qaeda insurgency in Yemen

Policies|

* Patriot Act (2001)
* Torture Memos (2002)
* Military Commissions Act of 2006
* Military Commissions Act of 2009
* President's Surveillance Program
* Protect America Act of 2007
* Terrorist Surveillance Program

Related|

* Abu Ghraib torture and prisoner abuse
* Axis of evil
* Bush Doctrine
* Clash of Civilizations
* Cold War
* Combatant Status Review Tribunal
* Criticism of the war on terror
* CIA black sites
* Killing of Ayman al-Zawahiri
* Killing of Osama bin Laden
* Enhanced interrogation techniques
* Extrajudicial prisoners
* Extraordinary rendition
* Guantanamo Bay detention camp
* Iranian Revolution
* Islamic terrorism
* Islamism
* North Korea and weapons of mass destruction
* Operation Noble Eagle
* Operation Eagle Assist
* Situation Room photograph
* State Sponsors of Terrorism
* Targeted killing
* Targeted Killing in International Law
* Targeted Killings: Law and Morality in an Asymmetrical World
* Unitary executive theory
* Unlawful combatant
* CAGE

* Category
* Commons

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*[e]: Edit this template