Alexander Smyth

United States Army general (1765–1830)

Alexander Smyth

Portrait of Alexander Smyth

Member of the U.S. House of Representatives
from Virginia's 22nd district
In office
March 4, 1827 – April 17, 1830
Preceded by| Benjamin Estil
Succeeded by| Joseph Draper
In office
March 4, 1823 – March 3, 1825
Preceded by| Hugh Nelson
Succeeded by| Benjamin Estil
Member of the U.S. House of Representatives
from Virginia's 6th district
In office
March 4, 1817 – March 3, 1823
Preceded by| Daniel Sheffey
Succeeded by| George Tucker
Member of the Virginia House of Delegates from Wythe County
In office
1826
Alongside Montgomery Friel
In office
1816
Alongside Jacob Fishback
In office
1804–1807
Alongside Joseph Crockett and Samuel Graham
In office
1801
Alongside Daniel Sheffey
In office
1796
Alongside Francis Carter
In office
1792
Alongside William Caffee
Personal details
Born| 1765 (1765)
Rathlin Island, County Antrim, Kingdom of Ireland
Died| April 17, 1830(1830-04-17) (aged 64–65)
Washington, D.C., U.S.
Resting place| Congressional Cemetery, Washington, D.C.
Political party| Jacksonian
Other political
affiliations| Democratic-Republican
Spouse| Nancy Binkley
Children| Malvina Smyth
Occupation| Lawyer, politician
Military service
Branch/service| United States Army
Years of service| 1808 – 1813
Rank| Brigadier General
Commands| Regiment of Riflemen
Battles/wars|

* War of 1812
* Battle of Queenston Heights
* Battle of Frenchman's Creek

Alexander Smyth (1765 – April 17, 1830) was an American lawyer, soldier, and politician from Virginia. Smyth served in the Virginia Senate, Virginia House of Delegates, United States House of Representatives and as a general during the War of 1812. Smyth County, Virginia, is named in his honor.

## Early life

[edit]

Smyth was born on Rathlin Island in County Antrim (part of the Kingdom of Ireland). He immigrated to the United States with his father, Rev. Alfred Smythe at the age of 10, and settled in Botetourt County, Virginia, in 1775 where he completed preparatory studies. He studied law, and was admitted to the bar and commenced practice in Abingdon, Virginia.

Smyth moved to Wythe County, Virginia, and was a member of the Virginia House of Delegates in 1792, 1796, 1801, 1802, and from 1804 to 1808. He served in the Virginia Senate in 1808 and 1809.

## Military career

[edit]

Smyth served in the United States Army from 1808 to 1813. Commissioned as a colonel in 1808, he served as Inspector General to William Eustis, the acting War Secretary.

Shortly after the outbreak of the War of 1812, Smyth was promoted to brigadier general on July 6, 1812. During the Battle of Queenston Heights he refused to support his commander, General Stephen Van Rensselaer, a militia commander with no experience. After Van Rensselaer's disgrace, Smyth was given command and proved himself equally inept. His plan to invade Canada started with the Battle of Frenchman's Creek but was then abandoned because of problems due to poor organization.[1]

After the failed attack on Canada, Smyth was insulted by Brigadier General Peter B. Porter, who accused Smyth of cowardice.[2] Smyth challenged Porter to a duel, but both men went unscathed. The historian John R. Elting wrote of the duel, stating, "Unfortunately, both missed."[3] In the wake of his failure, Smyth's name was removed from the U.S. Army rolls.[4]

## Postwar career

[edit]

After the war, Smyth resumed the practice of law, and again became a member of the Virginia House of Delegates in 1816, 1817, 1826, and 1827. He was elected to the Fifteenth United States Congress and reelected to the Sixteenth, Seventeenth, and Eighteenth Congresses, serving from March 4, 1817, to March 3, 1825. He was elected again to the Twentieth and Twenty-first Congresses, serving again from March 4, 1827, until his death.

Smyth died in Washington, D.C., and was interred in the United States Congressional Cemetery. Smyth County, Virginia, is named after him.

## Electoral history

[edit]

* 1817; Smyth was elected to the U.S. House of Representatives with 66.99% of the vote, defeating Federalist Benjamin Estill.
* 1819; Smyth was re-elected unopposed.
* 1821; Smyth was re-elected unopposed.

## See also

[edit]

* Biography portal

* List of United States Congress members who died in office (1790–1899)

## References

[edit]

Notes

1. ^ Quimby, p. 77
2. ^ Kellman, Rich (December 7, 2012). "War of 1812: Part V - Heroes and Villains". WBFO. Retrieved April 6, 2013.
3. ^ Elting, p. 51
4. ^ Quimby, p. 78

Bibliography

* Elting, John R. (1991). Amateurs, to Arms! A Military History of the War of 1812. Algonquin Books of Chapel Hill. p. 51. ISBN 0-306-80653-3.
* Quimby, Robert S. (1997). The U.S. Army in the War of 1812: An Operational and Command Study. East Lansing, MI: Michigan State University Press. ISBN 0-87013-441-8.

* United States Congress. "Alexander Smyth (id: S000646)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. [1]

## External links

[edit]

* Media related to Alexander Smyth at Wikimedia Commons

U.S. House of Representatives

Preceded by

Daniel Sheffey

|  Member of the U.S. House of Representatives
from Virginia's 6th congressional district
1817–1823  | Succeeded by

George Tucker

Preceded by

Hugh Nelson

|  Member of the U.S. House of Representatives
from Virginia's 22nd congressional district
1823–1825  | Succeeded by

Benjamin Estil

Preceded by

Benjamin Estil

|  Member of the U.S. House of Representatives
from Virginia's 22nd congressional district
1827–1830  | Succeeded by

Joseph Draper

Military offices
Preceded by

Abimael Y. Nicoll (acting)

|  Inspector General of the U. S. Army
July 6, 1812 – March 3, 1813  | Succeeded by

Zebulon Pike

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