Alt-tech

Internet platforms favored by the alt-right

This article is about Internet platforms that cater to extremists. For environmentally-friendly technologies, see Alternative technology.

Alt-tech is a collection of social networking services and Internet service providers popular among the alt-right, far-right, and others who espouse extremism or fringe theories, typically because they employ looser content moderation than mainstream platforms.[1][2][3][4] The term "alt-tech" is a portmanteau of "alt-right" and "Big Tech". Starting around 2015, some prominent conservatives and their supporters began to use alt-tech platforms because they had been banned from other social media platforms.[3][5][6][7] Alt-tech platforms describe themselves as protectors of free speech and individual liberty, which researchers and journalists have alleged may be a dog whistle for antisemitism and terrorism.[7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14]

## History

[edit]

Alt-tech websites were first described in the 2010s. They became popular leading up to the early 2020s due to deplatforming, banning (including shadow banning), and other restrictions imposed on extremists by Big Tech companies. Some right-wing groups claim that these companies censor their views.[1][7] After the Unite the Right rally in August 2017, technology companies such as Google, Facebook, and Twitter were criticized for deplatforming white supremacists.[15] Hope not Hate researcher Joe Mulhall identified the deplatforming of Britain First in 2018, and Tommy Robinson in 2019, as two major events that spurred British social media users to join alternative platforms.[5][16][17] Ethan Zuckerman and Chand Rajendra-Nicolucci further referenced the August 2018 deplatforming of conspiracy theorist Alex Jones as a pivotal moment.[18]

In October 2018, alt-tech platform Gab received extensive public scrutiny following the Pittsburgh synagogue shooting, after it was found that the sole suspect of the attack, Robert Gregory Bowers, had posted a message on Gab before the shooting, indicating an immediate intent to cause harm.[19][20] Bowers had a history of making extreme, antisemitic postings on the site.[21] After the shooting, Gab briefly went offline when it was dropped by its hosting provider and denied service by several payment processors.[22][23][24]

The popularity of alt-tech platforms surged in January 2021, when United States president Donald Trump, and many of his prominent followers, were suspended from Twitter and other platforms. Parler, a website with a large proportion of Trump supporters among its userbase, was taken offline when Amazon Web Services suspended its hosting several days after the January 6 storming of the United States Capitol.[25] It was restarted with a new host on February 15, 2021.[26]

In July 2021, an example of alt-tech hardware was announced as the "Freedom Phone" – a smartphone that promoted privacy-oriented features and an "uncensorable" app store. It was found that the device was merely a white-label version of a Chinese smartphone produced by Umidigi, with a modified Android firmware pre-loaded with apps popular among the target audience, and a rebranded version of an open source client for Google Play Store (rather than the independent app store implied in its promotional materials).[27][28]

By 2022, The New York Times and The Guardian described a crowded marketplace of alt-tech platforms.[29][30] The Times noted that alt-tech platforms claiming censorship by Twitter – such as Gettr, Parler, and Rumble – have mostly advertised themselves on Twitter.[29]

In February 2022, Trump launched a Twitter alternative, Truth Social, after establishing a messaging platform outside of Twitter,[29][30] such as a now discontinued Trump blog.[31] During development, Truth Social did not at first acknowledge using Mastodon's open source code, and was given an ultimatum by Mastodon,[32] quietly admitting to the use of Mastodon code later on.[32][33][34] Truth Social's launch was accompanied by substantial technical difficulties.[35][33] The platform's terms of service include an incongruous clause that users may not "disparage, tarnish, or otherwise harm, in our opinion, us and/or the Site."[33][36] According to a report from consumer rights group Public Citizen, alt tech platforms with a supposed focus on free speech include the censorship of some liberal and conservative viewpoints, as well as the routine content moderation on other platforms, creating an "echo chamber". Based on the report, Truth Social was found to shadowban users that disagree with the site's narrative as well as a swathe of other content including some conservative content. "Truth Social" has banned content mentioning liberal views on abortion and the Congressional hearings on the January 6th Capitol attack.[37][38][39]

## Research

[edit]

Deen Freelon and colleagues, publishing in Science in September 2020, wrote that some alt-tech websites are specifically dedicated to serving right-wing communities, naming 4chan (founded in 2003), 8chan (2013), Gab (2016), BitChute (2017) and Parler (2018) as examples. They noted that others were more ideologically neutral, such as Discord and Telegram.[1] Discord and Telegram have been used by QAnon conspiracy theorists to promote terrorism, which contributed to the January 6th attack.[14] Discord later worked to remove right-wing extremists from its userbase, and became a more mainstream platform.[40] Joe Mulhall, a senior researcher for the UK anti-racism organization Hope not Hate, also distinguishes groups of alt-tech platforms: he says that some of them, such as DLive and Telegram, are "co-opted platforms" which have become widely popular among the far-right because of their minimal moderation; others including BitChute, Gab, and Parler are "bespoke platforms" which were created by people who themselves have "far-right leanings".[2] Ethan Zuckerman and Chand Rajendra-Nicolucci, in contrast, described alt-tech services in explicitly political terms in a 2021 article for the Knight First Amendment Institute at Columbia University:

> We use the alt-tech term to refer to platforms that offer a promise of uncensored speech, which exist specifically to give a space for far-right, nationalist, racist, or extremist points of view, and which harbor a broad sense of grievance that speech has been "censored" for failure to be "politically correct." Many, but not all of these alt-tech sites are far-right communities.

> — Ethan Zuckerman and Chand Rajendra-Nicolucci[18]

Researchers have also found that alt-tech platforms can also be used by far-right extremists for mobilization and recruitment purposes, which is more dangerous than just spreading their viewpoints.[41]

Austrian researcher Julia Ebner has described alt-tech platforms as "ultra-libertarian".[42]

## Platforms

[edit]

### List of alt-tech platforms

[edit]

Type  | Company  | Citations  | Active

|
|
|

Microblogging | Gab | [1][3][7][43][44] | Yes
Gettr | [45][29][44] | Yes
Parler | [1][5][43][46] | Yes
Truth Social | [29][44] | Yes
X (formerly Twitter) | [47][48][49] | Yes
Online video platform | BitChute | [1][43][50] | Yes
DLive | [25][51] | Yes
DTube  | [50] |
Odysee | [52][53] | Yes
PewTube  | [3][7] | No
Rumble | [25][46] | Yes
TokenTube  | [54] |
Triller | [46] | Yes
Crowdfunding | GiveSendGo | [55][56][57] | Yes
Hatreon | [7][18] | No
SubscribeStar  | [58][59] |
WeSearchr | [6] | No
GoyFundMe | [60][61] |
Social networking service | MeWe | [25][46] | Yes
Minds | [43][62] | Yes
Slug  | [63] |
Telegram | [64][25] | Yes
Thinkspot | [65][66][67][68] | Yes
WrongThink  | [3] |
News aggregator | Patriots.win | [69] | Yes
Voat | [6][46] | No
Wiki encyclopedia  | Infogalactic | [3][6] | Yes
Metapedia | [70][71][72][73][74][75] | Yes
Conservapedia | [76][77][78][79] | Yes
Imageboard | 8kun | [1][62] | Yes
Online dating service | WASP Love  | [3] |
Domain name registrar and
web hosting | Epik | [8][80] | Yes
Civic engagement platform  | CloutHub  | [25] |

## See also

[edit]

* Big Tech
* Deplatforming
* Freedom of speech
* Platform economy
* Surveillance capitalism
* Technology and society

## References

[edit]

1. ^ a b c d e f g Freelon, Deen; Marwick, Alice; Kreiss, Daniel (September 4, 2020). "False equivalencies: Online activism from left to right". Science. 369 (6508): 1197–1201\. Bibcode:2020Sci...369.1197F. doi:10.1126/science.abb2428. ISSN 0036-8075. PMID 32883863. S2CID 221471947. Archived from the original on September 4, 2020. Retrieved September 5, 2020. (freely available version)
2. ^ a b Andrews, Frank; Pym, Ambrose (February 24, 2021). "The Websites Sustaining Britain's Far-Right Influencers". Bellingcat. Archived from the original on February 24, 2021. Retrieved February 25, 2021.
3. ^ a b c d e f g Roose, Kevin (December 11, 2017). "The Alt-Right Created a Parallel Internet. It's an Unholy Mess". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved September 4, 2020.
4. ^ "'Alt-tech' will diffuse online extremist presence". Expert Briefings. Emerald Expert Briefings. 2020. doi:10.1108/OXAN-DB250866.
5. ^ a b c Cogley, Michael (July 6, 2020). "'Alt-tech' attracts growing number of extremists in Britain". The Daily Telegraph. ISSN 0307-1235. Retrieved September 4, 2020.
6. ^ a b c d Ellis, Emma Grey (September 27, 2017). "Red Pilled: My Bizarre Week Using the Alt-Right's Vision of the Internet". Wired. ISSN 1059-1028. Retrieved September 4, 2020.
7. ^ a b c d e f Malter, Jordan (November 10, 2017). "Alt-Tech platforms: A haven for fringe views online". CNN Money. Retrieved September 4, 2020.
8. ^ a b Squire, Megan (July 23, 2019). "Can Alt-Tech Help the Far Right Build an Alternate Internet?". Fair Observer. Retrieved September 4, 2020.
9. ^ Silverman, Dwight (November 12, 2020). "5 things to know about Parler, the right-wing-friendly social network". The Houston Chronicle. Archived from the original on November 14, 2020. Retrieved November 12, 2020.
10. ^ "Parler: Where the Mainstream Mingles with the Extreme". Anti-Defamation League. November 12, 2020. Archived from the original on November 14, 2020. Retrieved November 14, 2020.
11. ^ Saul, Isaac (July 18, 2019). "This Twitter Alternative Was Supposed To Be Nicer, But Bigots Love It Already". The Forward. Archived from the original on June 30, 2020. Retrieved August 4, 2020.
12. ^ Zannettou, Savvas; Bradlyn, Barry; De Cristofaro, Emiliano; et al. (2018). "What is Gab: A Bastion of Free Speech or an Alt-Right Echo Chamber". Companion of the Web Conference 2018 on the Web Conference 2018 – WWW '18. Lyon, France: Association for Computing Machinery. pp. 1007–1014\. arXiv:1802.05287. doi:10.1145/3184558.3191531. ISBN 978-1-4503-5640-4. S2CID 13853370.
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16. ^ Field, Matthew (March 14, 2018). "Facebook bans pages of Britain First and leaders Paul Golding and Jayda Fransen". The Daily Telegraph. ISSN 0307-1235. Retrieved September 4, 2020.
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20. ^ Trautwein, Catherine; Thompson, A.C. (November 16, 2018). "Brothers Whom Authorities Linked to Pittsburgh Shooting Suspect Had Flyer Supporting Neo-Nazi Group, Officials Say". ProPublica. Archived from the original on November 28, 2018. Retrieved August 28, 2019.
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27. ^ Amadeo, Ron (July 20, 2021). "The MAGA-targeted "Freedom Phone" has a breathtaking amount of red flags". Ars Technica. Retrieved July 20, 2021.
28. ^ Sommer, Will (July 15, 2021). "MAGA World's 'Freedom Phone' Actually Budget Chinese Phone". The Daily Beast. Retrieved August 28, 2021.
29. ^ a b c d e Goldstein, Matthew; Mac, Ryan (February 18, 2022). "Trump's Truth Social Is Poised to Join a Crowded Field". New York Times.
30. ^ a b Pilkington, Ed (February 20, 2022). "Trump Truth Social app will be fully operational by end of March, Nunes says". The Guardian. Retrieved September 27, 2023.
31. ^ Breuninger, Kevin (June 2, 2021). "Trump blog page shuts down for good". CNBC. Retrieved February 23, 2022.
32. ^ a b Coldewey, Devin (October 29, 2021). "Mastodon issues 30-day ultimatum to Trump's social network over misuse of its code". TechCrunch. Retrieved September 27, 2023.
33. ^ a b c Harwell, Drew (February 22, 2022). "Trump's Truth Social's disastrous launch raises doubts about its long-term viability". Washington Post. ISSN 0190-8286. Retrieved September 27, 2023.
34. ^ Kan, Michael (December 1, 2021). "Trump's Social Media Site Quietly Admits It's Based on Mastodon". PCMag.
35. ^ Danner, Chas (February 21, 2022). "Trump's Social-Network App Launches Without a Social Network". Intelligencer. Retrieved February 23, 2022.
36. ^ Bort, Ryan (October 21, 2021). "Trump's New Free Speech App Prohibits Users From Making Fun of It". Rolling Stone. Retrieved February 23, 2022.
37. ^ Leonard, Kimberly (August 2, 2022). "Trump's purported free speech social media platform Truth Social is hiding user posts, threatening to create a 'curated echo chamber,' research group finds". Business Insider. Retrieved August 3, 2022.
38. ^ Hunt-Majer, Cheyenne (August 2, 2022). "Truth Can't Handle the Truth". Public Citizen. Retrieved August 3, 2022.
39. ^ Spangler, Todd (June 10, 2022). "Trump's Truth Social Is Banning Users Who Post About Jan. 6 Hearings, According to Reports". Variety. Retrieved August 3, 2022.
40. ^ Brown, Abram (June 30, 2020). "Discord Was Once The Alt-Right's Favorite Chat App. Now It's Gone Mainstream And Scored A New $3.5 Billion Valuation". Forbes. Retrieved May 18, 2021.
41. ^ Donovan, Joan; Lewis, Becca; Friedberg, Brian (2018). "Parallel Ports: Sociotechnical Change from the Alt-Right to Alt-Tech". In Fielitz, Maik; Thurston, Nick (eds.). Post-Digital Cultures of the Far Right: Online Actions and Offline Consequences in Europe and the US. Bielefeld, Germany: Transcript Verlag. pp. 49–66\. doi:10.14361/9783839446706-004. ISBN 978-3-8394-4670-6.
42. ^ Ebner, Julia (September 5, 2019). "Replatforming Unreality". Journal of Design and Science (6). doi:10.21428/7808da6b.e585ddcb (inactive November 1, 2024).`{{cite journal}}`: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of November 2024 (link)
43. ^ a b c d Smith, Adam (June 24, 2020). "What is the right-wing Parler app that MPs and celebrities are joining?". The Independent. Archived from the original on June 30, 2020. Retrieved September 4, 2020.
44. ^ a b c Wilson, Jason (November 4, 2022). "Conspiracy Theories About Pelosi Attack Spread Unchecked on 'Alt-tech' Sites, Conservative Media". Southern Poverty Law Center. Retrieved November 27, 2022.
45. ^ Klepper, David; Ortutay, Barbara (February 5, 2022). "A year after Trump purge, 'alt-tech' offers far-right refuge". Associated Press. Retrieved January 12, 2023.
46. ^ a b c d e Cohen, Jason (January 15, 2021). "How Mainstream Social Media Data Collection Compares With Alt-Tech Rivals". PC Magazine. Archived from the original on January 15, 2021. Retrieved January 19, 2021.
47. ^ Tiffany, Kaitlyn (December 26, 2023). "The Co-opting of Twitter". The Atlantic. Archived from the original on January 15, 2024.
48. ^ Warzel, Charlie (May 23, 2023). "Twitter Is a Far-Right Social Network". The Atlantic. Archived from the original on January 17, 2024.
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50. ^ a b Bellemare, Andrea; Nicholson, Katie; Ho, Jason (May 21, 2020). "How a debunked COVID-19 video kept spreading after Facebook and YouTube took it down". CBC News. Retrieved January 15, 2021.
51. ^ Wilson, Jason; Squire, Megan (December 19, 2021). "Revealed: Startup Creates Streaming Platform for Extremists on Big-Tech Infrastructure". Southern Poverty Law Center. Retrieved November 27, 2022.
52. ^ Ha, Anthony (December 7, 2020). "Odysee aims to build a more freewheeling, independent video platform". Tech Crunch. Archived from the original on December 7, 2020.
53. ^ Gayte, Aurore (March 19, 2021). "Rumble, MeWe, Minds : bienvenue dans l'alt-tech, les réseaux sociaux de l'extrême droite et la complosphère" [Rumble, MeWe, Minds: welcome to alt-tech, far-right social networks]. Numerama (in French). Archived from the original on March 19, 2021.
54. ^ Vehkoo, Johanna (November 2, 2021). "Valheenpaljastaja: Internetiin on kaikessa hiljaisuudessa syntynyt Youtuben kaltainen kotimainen kanava, jossa levitetään salaliittoteorioita – tällainen on Tokentube" [The lie detector: a domestic YouTube-like channel has quietly emerged on the internet to spread conspiracy theories - this is Tokentube]. Yle (in Finnish). Retrieved January 18, 2024.
55. ^ Bergengruen, Vera; Wilson, Chris (March 3, 2022). "Crowdfunding Site For Right-Wing Causes Generates Windfall". Time. Retrieved November 27, 2022.
56. ^ Dalton, Ben (May 17, 2022). "The Evolution of the Tech and Fundraising Platforms for Extremists Kicked Off the Regular Internet". Slate. Retrieved November 27, 2022.
57. ^ Yang, Yunkang (October 14, 2022). "Alex Jones' lawsuit losses are not enough". NBC News. Retrieved March 11, 2024.
58. ^ Coulter, Martin (December 15, 2018). "PayPal shuts Russian crowdfunder's account after alt-right influx". Financial Times. Archived from the original on December 15, 2018. Retrieved March 8, 2019.
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61. ^ Sales, Ben (December 1, 2017). "With 'GoyFundMe,' white supremacists raise money for NY Times neo-Nazi". Times of Israel. Retrieved March 18, 2024.
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* v
* t
* e

Alt-right

Ideas|

| Core|

* American Nationalism
* Antifeminism
* Fourteen Words
* Ghost skin
* White ethnostate
* White nationalism
* White supremacy

|

Conspiracy
theories|

* Cultural Marxism
* Eurabia
* George Soros
* Great Replacement
* Homosexual agenda
* Kalergi Plan
* Murder of Seth Rich
* New World Order
* Pizzagate
* White genocide
* Zionist Occupation Government

Related|

* Alt-lite
* Alt-right pipeline
* Boogaloo movement
* Christian Identity
* DezNat
* Identitarian movement
* Incel
* Kinism
* Manosphere
* Men Going Their Own Way
* Neo-Confederates
* Neo-fascism
* Neo-nationalism
* Neo-Nazism
* Nouvelle Droite
* Paleoconservatism
* Paleolibertarianism
* QAnon
* Radical right
* Reactionary
* Dark Enlightenment
* Third Position
* Ultraconservatism

Online
culture|

| Alt-tech|

* 4chan
* /pol/
* 8chan
* BitChute
* Epik
* Gab
* Gettr
* Minds
* Parler
* Terrorgram
* Truth Social
* Voat (defunct)

|

Websites|

* American Renaissance
* Breitbart News
* The Daily Stormer
* Infowars
* Kingdom Identity Ministries
* Kuruc.info
* Metapedia
* Occidental Observer
* The Occidental Quarterly
* Rebel News
* Red Ice
* Reddit (r/The_Donald)
* The Right Stuff
* StoneToss
* Stormfront
* TruNews
* Vanguard News Network
* VDARE
* WorldNetDaily

Memes|

* "Basket of deplorables"
* "Beta male"
* "Cuckservative"
* Fashwave
* Happy Merchant
* "It's okay to be white"
* Moon Man
* NPC
* OK gesture
* "Owning the libs"
* Pepe the Frog
* "Red pill and blue pill"
* Right Wing Death Squad
* "Remove Kebab"
* "Shadilay"
* "Snowflake"
* "Social justice warrior"
* Trash Doves
* Triple parentheses
* Undercut

Groups|

* AltRight Corporation
* American Freedom Party
* Anti-Communist Action
* The Base
* Deplorable Pride
* Diagolon
* Groypers
* Hundred-Handers
* Identity Evropa (defunct)
* Les Identitaires
* National Policy Institute
* Patriot Front
* Patriot Prayer
* Proud Boys
* Rise Above Movement
* Traditionalist Worker Party (defunct)
* Vanguard America
* Washington Summit Publishers

Events|

| Incidents|

* Berkeley protests
* Comicsgate
* DeploraBall
* End Domestic Terrorism rally
* Gamergate
* Macron e-mail leaks
* Unite the Right rally
* Unite the Right 2

|

Attacks|

* Assault of DeAndre Harris
* Charlottesville car attack
* Christchurch mosque shootings
* Murder of Blaze Bernstein
* Murder of Timothy Caughman
* Pittsburgh synagogue shooting
* Portland train attack

Lists|

* Timeline of activities involving the Proud Boys

People|

* James Allsup
* Andrew Anglin
* Andrew "weev" Auernheimer
* Steve Bannon
* Theodore "Vox Day" Beale
* Carl "Sargon of Akkad" Benjamin
* Owen Benjamin
* Peter Brimelow
* Christopher Cantwell
* Mike Cernovich
* Alain de Benoist
* John Derbyshire
* Jack Donovan
* David Duke
* Mike Enoch
* Guillaume Faye
* Haakon Forwald
* Daniel Friberg
* Nick Fuentes
* Jean-François Gariépy
* Ben Garrison
* Austin "Augustus Sol Invictus" Gillespie
* Tim "Baked Alaska" Gionet
* Jim Goad
* Faith Goldy
* Paul Gottfried
* Matthew Heimbach
* Michael A. Hoffman II
* Sam Hyde
* Dillon Irizarry
* Charles C. Johnson
* Greg Johnson
* William Daniel Johnson
* Alex Jones
* Jason Jorjani
* Ruuben Kaalep
* Tom Kawcyznski
* Jason Kessler
* Douglas Murray
* Steve King
* Elliott Kline
* Nick Land
* Lana Lokteff
* Laura Loomer
* Norman Lowell
* Kevin MacDonald
* Jeremy MacKenzie
* Stephen McNallen
* Merlin Miller
* Stephen Miller
* Stefan Molyneux
* Paul Nehlen
* Paul "GypsyCrusader" Nicholas Miller
* Ethan Nordean
* Jack Posobiec
* Bronze Age Pervert
* Paul Ray Ramsey
* William Regnery II
* Colin "Millennial Woes" Robertson
* Thomas Rousseau
* Steve Sailer
* Martin Sellner
* Lauren Southern
* Richard B. Spencer
* Brett Stevens
* Jared Taylor
* Tila Tequila
* Daryush "Roosh V" Valizadeh
* Paul Joseph Watson
* Lucian Wintrich
* Curtis Yarvin
* Milo Yiannopoulos

Opposition
and
criticism|

| People|

* Antifa
* Steven "Destiny" Bonnell II
* Ian "Vaush" Kochinski
* Harry "Hbomberguy" Brewis
* Ian "Innuendo Studios" Danskin
* Robert Evans
* Emily Gorcenski
* Daryle Lamont Jenkins
* Angela Nagle
* David Neiwert
* Shaun
* Abigail "Philosophy Tube" Thorn
* Natalie "ContraPoints" Wynn
* Donna Zuckerberg

|

Media|

* Alt-America
* Angry Goy II
* Culture Warlords
* Devil's Bargain
* Feels Good Man
* I Don't Speak German
* It Came from Something Awful
* Kill All Normies
* Knowledge Fight
* White Right: Meeting the Enemy

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