Altyn

Historical Russian currency

For other uses, see Altyn (disambiguation).

Altyn (Russian алты́н, also алты́нник, altynnik) is a historical Russian currency (symbol: ). The name in Tatar is altın (алтын) meaning "gold",[1] and altı (алты) meaning "six", since it was worth 6 dengi, equivalent to three kopeck silver, then copper, a small value coin,[2][3] or 180–206 copper puls.[4]

## History

[edit]

From the 15th century, the altyn had been in use in several Russian principalities as a Eurasian currency between Russian and Asian traders.[5] Treaties between the principalities of Moscow, Ryazan and Tver show that one altyn was equal to one ruble, with the rate remaining the same.[6] One altyn was equal to six dengi, while one ruble was equal to 200 (in Moscow) or 220 (in Pskov) dengi.[6]

They were minted from 1654 under Alexis I, and under Peter I as silver coins from 1704 to 1718. Later, they were revived under Nicholas I as copper coins with a value of three kopecks from 1839. While the name altyn eventually got lost, three-kopeck coins circulated in Russia until 1991.[5]

In the 2010s, the Eurasian Economic Commission drafted first proposals to revive the altyn once again by 2025 as a common currency of the Eurasian Economic Union, although international sanctions against Russia reportedly encouraged the bloc to expedite the process by 3-5 years.[5] However, as of 2023, the currency had still not been re-introduced.

## References

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1. ^ Этимологический словарь русского языка. — М.: Прогресс. М. Р. Фасмер. 1964—1973.
2. ^ Спасский, И. Г. Алтын в русской денежной системе. / В кн.: Краткие сообщения Института истории материальной культуры АН СССР, вып. 66. — 1956.
3. ^ Спасский, И. Г. Русская монетная система. — Л.: Аврора, 1970. — с. 105.
4. ^ Eric R. Schena, “The Influence of Islamic Coins on the Russian Monetary System: An Introduction”, As-Sikka: The Online Journal of The Islamic Coins Group, 1, no. 2 (1999-2000)[permanent dead link‍], August 2004
5. ^ a b c Sudakov, Dmitry (2014-04-10). "Russia, Kazakhstan and Belarus to have new joint currency". Pravda.ru. Retrieved 2015-01-06.
6. ^ a b Feldbrugge 2017, p. 461.

## Sources

[edit]

* Feldbrugge, Ferdinand J. M. (2 October 2017). A History of Russian Law: From Ancient Times to the Council Code (Ulozhenie) of Tsar Aleksei Mikhailovich of 1649. BRILL. ISBN 978-90-04-35214-8.
* Uzdennikov V., Монеты России (1700—1917) [Coins of Russia (1700–1917)]: Издание третье. — М.: Collector’s Books; IP Media Inc., 2004.

## External links

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* Media related to Altyn sign at Wikimedia Commons

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Currencies named ruble

Circulating|

* Belarusian ruble
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* Imperial silver standard [ru]
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Ruble reforms|

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Coins (value in rubles)|

* 1⁄800
* polupolushka [ru]
* 1⁄400
* polushka
* 1⁄200
* denga
* 1⁄100
* kopeck
* 3⁄200
* para [ru]
* 1⁄50
* 2 kopecks [ru]; pre-1917 name grosh
* 3⁄100
* 3 kopecks [ru]; pre-1917 name altyn
* 1⁄25
* 4 kopecks [ru]
* 1⁄20
* 5 kopecks [ru]
* 1⁄10
* 10 kopecks [ru]; pre-1917 name grivennik
* 3⁄20
* 15 kopecks [ru]
* 1⁄5
* 20 kopecks [ru]
* 1⁄4
* 25 kopecks [ru]
* 3⁄10
* Thirty kopecks
* 1⁄2
* 50 kopecks [ru]; pre-1917 name poltina
* 16⁄25
* Yefimok [ru] (64 kopecks)
* 24⁄25
* Livonez [ru] (96 kopecks)
* 1 ruble
* Constantine
* 2 rubles [ru]
* 3 rubles [ru]
* 5 rubles [ru]
* 6 rubles
* 71⁄2 rubles
* 10 rubles
* Chervonets
* 12 rubles
* 15 rubles (imperial after 1897)
* 20 rubles
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* 371⁄2 ruble - 100 franc [ru]
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* Commemorative
* Russian Empire [ru]
* Soviet
* Russian [ru]
* Belarusian [ru]
* Transnistria [ru]
* Ukrainian karbovanets
* Kyrgyz som
* Uzbek som [ru]
* Azerbaijani manat
* Turkmen manat [ru]
* Pattern coins and specimens
* Russian Empire [ru]
* USSR [ru]
* Indo-Chinese Bank of Vladivostok [ru]

Monetary surrogates|

* 1990s
* Ural franc
* Nizhny Novgorod [ru]
* Karelia [ru]
* Tatarstan [ru]
* Khakassia [ru]
* Other periods
* Gulag [ru]
* Soviet co-op [ru]
* Spitzbergen [ru]

Production facilities|

* Historical mints
* Moscow [ru]
* Anninsk [ru]
* Kolpino [ru]
* Suzun [ru]
* Tauric [ru]
* Warsaw
* Yekatirenburg [ru]
* Goznak
* Moscow
* Saint Petersburg

Designers|

* Ivan Dubasov
* Sergei Gruzenberg [ru]
* Igor Krylkov [ru]
* Lidia Mayorova [ru]
* Günther Reindorff
* Anton Vasyutinsky
* Rihards Zariņš

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