Aluminium sulfide

Names
Other names

Aluminium sulfide

Identifiers

CAS Number

* 1302-81-4 Y[ECHA]

3D model (JSmol)

* Interactive image

ChemSpider |

* 140154 Y

ECHA InfoCard | 100.013.736
EC Number |

* 215-109-0

PubChem CID

* 16684788

UNII |

* 04PI6P2Z18 Y

CompTox Dashboard (EPA)

* DTXSID80893235

InChI

* InChI=1S/2Al.3S/q2*+3;3*-2 Y

Key: COOGPNLGKIHLSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Y

* InChI=1/2Al.3S/q2*+3;3*-2

Key: COOGPNLGKIHLSK-UHFFFAOYAY

SMILES

* [Al+3].[Al+3].[S-2].[S-2].[S-2]

Properties

Chemical formula

| Al2S3
Molar mass | 150.158 g/mol
Appearance  | gray solid
Density | 2.02 g/cm3
Melting point | 1,100 °C (2,010 °F; 1,370 K)
Boiling point | 1,500 °C (2,730 °F; 1,770 K) sublimes

Solubility in water

| decomposes
Solubility | insoluble in acetone
Structure

Crystal structure

| trigonal
Thermochemistry

Heat capacity (C)

| 105.1 J/mol K

Std molar
entropy (S⦵298)

| 116.9 J/mol K

Std enthalpy of
formation (ΔfH⦵298)

| -724 kJ/mol
Hazards
GHS labelling:

Pictograms

Signal word

| Danger
NFPA 704 (fire diamond)  |

Safety data sheet (SDS)  | [1]

Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).

N verify (what is YN ?)

Infobox references

Chemical compound

Aluminium sulfide is a chemical compound with the formula Al2S3. This colorless species has an interesting structural chemistry, existing in several forms. The material is sensitive to moisture, hydrolyzing to hydrated aluminum oxides/hydroxides.[1] This can begin when the sulfide is exposed to the atmosphere. The hydrolysis reaction generates gaseous hydrogen sulfide (H2S).

## Crystal structure[edit]

More than six crystalline forms of aluminium sulfide are known and only some are listed below. Most of them have rather similar, wurtzite-like structures, and differ by the arrangement of lattice vacancies, which form ordered or disordered sublattices.[2][3]

Form | Symmetry | Space
group | a (A) | c (A) | ρ (g/cm3)

|
|
|
|
|

α | Hexagonal | P61 | 6.423 | 17.83 | 2.32
β | Hexagonal | P63mc | 3.579 | 5.829 | 2.495
γ | Trigonal |  | 6.47 | 17.26 | 2.36
δ | Tetragonal | I41/amd | 7.026 | 29.819 | 2.71

The β and γ phases are obtained by annealing the most stable α-Al2S3 phase at several hundred degrees Celsius.[4] Compressing aluminium sulfide to 2–65 bar results in the δ phase where vacancies are arranged in a superlattice of tetragonal symmetry.[5]

Unlike Al2O3, in which the Al(III) centers occupy octahedral holes, the more expanded framework of Al2S3 stabilizes the Al(III) centers into one third of the tetrahedral holes of a hexagonally close-packed arrangement of the sulfide anions. At higher temperature, the Al(III) centers become randomized to give a "defect wurtzite" structure. And at still higher temperatures stabilize the γ-Al2S3 forms, with a structure akin to γ-Al2O3.

Molecular derivatives of Al2S3 are not known. Mixed Al-S-Cl compounds are however known. Al2Se3 and Al2Te3 are also known.

## Preparation[edit]

Aluminium sulfide is readily prepared by ignition of the elements[6]

2 Al + 3 S → Al2S3

This reaction is extremely exothermic and it is not necessary or desirable to heat the whole mass of the sulfur-aluminium mixture; (except possibly for very small amounts of reactants). The product will be created in a fused form; it reaches a temperature greater than 1100 °C and may melt its way through steel. The cooled product is very hard.

## References[edit]

1. ^ Holleman, A. F.; Wiberg, E. "Inorganic Chemistry" Academic Press: San Diego, 2001. ISBN 0-12-352651-5.
2. ^ Hans Landolt; D. Bimberg, Richard Börnstein; Richard Börnstein (1982). Halbleiter. Springer. pp. 12–. ISBN 978-3-540-13507-4. Retrieved 23 September 2011.
3. ^ Flahaut J. Ann. Chim. (Paris) 7 (1952) 632–696
4. ^ Krebs, Bernt; Schiemann, Anke; läGe, Mechtild (1993). "Synthese und Kristallstruktur einer Neuen hexagonalen Modifikation von Al2S3 mit fünffach koordiniertem Aluminum". Zeitschrift für anorganische und allgemeine Chemie. 619 (6): 983. doi:10.1002/zaac.19936190604.
5. ^ Donohue, P (1970). "High-pressure spinel type Al2S3 and MnAl2S4". Journal of Solid State Chemistry. 2 (1): 6–8. Bibcode:1970JSSCh...2....6D. doi:10.1016/0022-4596(70)90024-1.
6. ^ McPherson, William (1913). Laboratory manual. Boston: Ginn and Company. p. 445.

* v
* t
* e

Sulfur compounds

Sulfides and
disulfides|

* Al2S3
* As2S2
* As2S3
* As2S5
* As4S4
* Au2S
* Au2S3
* B2S3
* BaS
* BeS
* Bi2S3
* CS2
* C3S2
* C6S6
* CaS
* CdS
* CeS
* CoS
* Cr2S3
* CSSe
* CSTe
* CuFeS2
* CuS
* D2S
* Dy2S3
* Er2S3
* EuS
* FeS2
* GaS
* H2S
* HfS2
* HgS
* In2S3
* K2S
* LaS
* LiS
* MgS
* MoS2
* MoS3
* NaHS
* Na2S
* NH4HS
* NiS
* P4Sx
* PbS
* PbS2
* PSCl3
* PSI3
* PtS
* ReS2
* Re2S7
* SiS
* SrS
* TlS
* VS
* SeS2
* S2U
* WS2
* WS3
* Sb2S3
* Sb2S5
* Sb4S3O3
* Sm2S3
* Y2S3
* ZrS2
* La

* Gd

Sulfur halides|

* S2Br2
* SBr2
* S2Cl2
* SCl2
* SCl4
* SF2
* SF4
* S2F10
* SF6
* S2I2

Sulfur oxides
and oxyhalides|

* SO2
* SO3
* SOBr2
* SOCl2
* SOF2
* SOF4
* H2S3O6
* H2SO3
* H2SO4
* H2S2O7
* H2SO5

| Sulfites|

* CdSO3
* K2SO3

|

Sulfates|

* Ag2SO4
* CaSO4
* Cs2SO4
* Er2(SO4)3
* Eu2(SO4)3
* HgSO4
* K2SO4
* KAl(SO4)2
* NaAl(SO4)2
* RaSO4
* SnSO4
* SrSO4
* Ti(SO4)2
* Tm2(SO4)3
* Yb2(SO4)3
* Zr(SO4)2

Thiocyanates|

* HSCN
* KSCN
* Co(SCN)2

Organic compounds|

* C2H4S
* C2H6S3
* C4H4S
* C32H66S2
* CHCl3S
* C2H3SN

* v
* t
* e

Aluminium compounds

Al(I)|

* AlBr
* AlCl
* AlF
* AlI
* Al2O
* AlOH

| Organoaluminium(I) compounds|

Al(C5(CH3)5)

|

Al(II)|

* AlB2
* AlB12
* AlO

Al(III)|

* AlAs
* Al(BH4)3
* AlBr3
* Al(CN)3
* AlCl3
* AlF3
* AlH3
* AlI3
* AlN
* Al(NO3)3
* Al2(CO3)3
* Al(OH)3
* Al(OH)2OAc
* Al(OH)(OAc)2
* Al(OAc)3
* Al2SO4(OAc)4
* AlP
* AlPO4
* AlSb
* Al(C5H7O2)3
* Al(MnO4)3
* Al2(MoO4)3
* Al2O3
* Al2S3
* Al2(SO4)3
* Al2Se3
* Al2Te3
* Al2SiO5
* AlAsO4
* Al4C3
* AlOHO
* Al(OH)2CO2C17H5
* NaAlH2(OC2H4OCH3)2
* LiAlH2(OC2H4OCH3)2
* K2Al2B2O7

| Alums|

* (NH4)Al(SO4)2
* KAl(SO4)2
* NaAl(SO4)2

|

Organoaluminium(III) compounds|

* Al(C3H5O3)3
* C
36H
69AlO

* (Al(CH3)3)2
* (Al(C2H5)3)2
* Al(CH2CH(CH3)2)3
* Al(C2H5)2Cl
* Al(C2H5)2CN
* Al(CH2CH(CH3)2)2H
* Al(C2H5)2Cl2C2H5Cl
* Ti(C5H5)2CH2ClAl(CH3)2

* v
* t
* e

Sulfides (S2−)

| H2S |  |  |  | He

|
|
|
|

Li2S | BeS | B2S3
+BO3 | CS2
COS | (NH4)SH | O  | F  | Ne
Na2S | MgS | Al2S3 | SiS
SiS2
-Si | PxSy
-P | -S2−
2 | Cl  | Ar
K2S | CaS |  | ScS
Sc2S3 | TiS
TiS2
Ti2S3 | VS
VS2
V2S3 | CrS
Cr2S3 | MnS
MnS2 | FeS
Fe3S4 | CoS | NiS | Cu2S
CuS | ZnS | GaS
Ga2S3 | GeS
GeS2
-Ge | As2S3
As4S3
-As | SeS2
+Se | Br  | Kr
Rb2S | SrS |  | Y2S3 | ZrS2 | NbS2 | MoS2 | Tc  | Ru  | Rh2S3 | PdS | Ag2S | CdS | In2S3 | SnS
SnS2
-Sn | Sb2S3
Sb2S5
-Sb | TeS2 | I  | Xe
Cs2S | BaS | *  | LuS
Lu2S3 | HfS2 | TaS2 | WS2
WS3 | ReS2
Re2S7 | OsS
4 | Ir2S3
IrS2 | PtS
PtS2 | Au2S
Au2S3 | HgS | Tl2S | PbS
PbS2 | Bi2S3 | PoS | At  | Rn
Fr  | Ra  | **  | Lr  | Rf  | Db  | Sg  | Bh  | Hs  | Mt  | Ds  | Rg  | Cn  | Nh  | Fl  | Mc  | Lv  | Ts  | Og

*  | LaS
La2S3 | CeS
Ce2S3 | PrS
Pr2S3 | NdS
Nd2S3 | Pm2S3 | SmS
Sm2S3 | EuS
Eu2S3 | GdS
Gd2S3 | TbS
Tb2S3 | DyS
Dy2S3 | HoS
Ho2S3 | ErS
Er2S3 | TmS
Tm2S3 | YbS
Yb2S3
**  | Ac2S3 | ThS2 | Pa  | US
US2 | Np  | Pu  | Am  | Cm  | Bk  | Cf  | Es  | Fm  | Md  | No

Authority control databases: National |

* Israel
* United States

|

*[CID]: Compound ID
*[EPA]: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
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