Anaimalai Hills

Mountain range in India

Anamala Hills
Elephant Hills

Highest point
Peak| Anamudi, Kerala
Elevation| 2,695 m (8,842 ft)
Coordinates| 10°12′56.0″N 76°52′39.3″E﻿ / ﻿10.215556°N 76.877583°E﻿ / 10.215556; 76.877583 10°12'56.0"N 76°52'39.3"E[1]
Geography

Anamala Hills
Elephant Hills

Location of Anamala Hills

Country| India
States|

* Kerala
* Tamilnadu

Range coordinates| 10°10′12.0″N 77°03′40.9″E﻿ / ﻿10.170000°N 77.061361°E﻿ / 10.170000; 77.06136110°10'12.0"N 77°03'40.9"E
Parent range| Western Ghats
Topo map| (Terrain)
Geology
Rock age(s)| Cenozoic
100 to 80 mya
Rock type| Fault[2]
Jambu Malai is a part of Anaimalai Hills

The Anamala or Anaimalai, also known as the Elephant Mountains, are a range of mountains in the southern Western Ghats of central Kerala (Idukki district, Ernakulam district, Palakkad district, Thrissur district) and span the border of western Tamil Nadu (Coimbatore district and Tiruppur district) in Southern India. The name anamala is derived from the Malayalam word aana and the Tamil word yaanai, meaning elephant, or from tribal languages. Mala or Malai means 'mountain', and thus literally translatable as 'Elephant mountain'.[3]

Anamudi Peak (8,842 feet (2,695 metres)) lies at the southern end of the range and is the highest peak in southern India. The Palakkad Gap is the mountain pass which divides it from the Nilgiri Mountains. The northern slopes of the hills in Tamil Nadu now have coffee and tea plantations(especially around Valparai), as well as teak plantations of high economic value.[4] The rest are mostly forests, of mainly two ecoregions-the South Western Ghats moist deciduous forests (mainly in Palakkad district and Idukki district of Kerala, as well as Tamil Nadu) and the South Western Ghats montane rain forests(mainly in Idukki district, Ernakulam district, Palakkad district of Kerala, Coimbatore district of Tamil Nadu).

The Western Ghats and Anaimalai Sub-Cluster, including the Anaimalai Hills, are now a UNESCO World Heritage Site.[5]

## Geography

[edit]

The hills are located between 10° 13' and 10° 31' N. and 76° 52' and 77° 23' E with a central point of: 10°22′N 77°07.5′E﻿ / ﻿10.367°N 77.1250°E﻿ / 10.367; 77.1250. They are south of where the Western Ghats are broken by the Palakkad Gap, which in, turn is south of the Nilgiri Hills. They border on Kerala to the southwest and the Cardamom Hills to the southeast. To the west is the bamboo-rich Idamalayar-Pooyamkutty valley. The Palni Hills lies to the east, extending into Kerala as the Pampadum Shola National Park. They are spread largely over Palakkad district, Thrissur district, Ernakulam district and Idukki district of Kerala(mainly Palakkad and Idukki), Tamil Nadu's Coimbatore district and Tiruppur district.[citation needed]

Their geological formation is metamorphic gneiss, veined with feldspar and quartz, and interspersed with reddish porphyrite.[6] Twelve major forest types are found in the area. The landscape is fragmented by many coffee and tea plantations on the lower slopes and teak plantations higher up. Monsoon rains are heavy. Annual rainfall varies from 2,000 mm to 5,000 mm in the area.[7] Formed by fault-block movements in the Holocene Epoch (i.e., about the past 11,700 years), the Anaimalai Hills descend to form a series of terraces about 3,300 feet (1,000 metres) high.[citation needed]

## Fauna

[edit]

Wild elephants in Anamalai Tiger Reserve, Tamilnadu

The Anamala/Anaimalai Hills are known for their abundant wildlife. Eravikulam National Park, Chinnar Wildlife Sanctuary, Idamalayar Reserve Forest, Mankulam Forest division Parambikulam Wildlife Sanctuary, and Anamalai Tiger Reserve located among these hills are well known for elephants. The Idamalayar Dam area is a major wildlife spot, along with Pooyamkutty and Aanakkulam. This area includes various tribal villages and is protected. Numerous wildlife species can be seen including elephants, gaur, water buffaloes, tigers, panthers, sloth bears, pangolins, black-headed orioles, crocodiles, green pigeons, civet cats, dhole, sambar, black buck, and 31 groups of endangered lion-tailed macaques.[8][9] Birds seen include the Pied hornbill, Red whiskered bulbul and Drongo.

Recently, a new frog species, Beddomixalus bijui, was found within the forest.[10]

## Hydrology

[edit]

Amaravathi Reservoir and Dam

There are several rivers in the area including the Chalakkudipuzha, Aliayar, Apambar, Chinnar , Kaddambarrai , Neerar, Mannambhally, Pambar River, and the Idamalayar. Most of these rivers originate in the sholas, flowing mostly west towards the Arabian Sea, with a few exceptions, such as the Amaravathi and Pambar, which flow into Tamil Nadu, the Amaravathi being a tributary of the Kaveri.[citation needed] There are several large reservoirs in the area, including the Aliayar Dam, Amaravathi Dam, Kaddambarrai Dam, Neerar Dam, Sholayar Dam (one of the largest of its kind in Asia), Mannambhally Dam, the Idamalayar Dam and the Parambikkulam Dam. There is a water dispute between Kerala and Tamil Nadu about the Idamalayar Dam due to the construction of the Neerar Dam by Tamil Nadu on the Neerar, a tributary of the Idamalayar, and thereby, visitors are now prohibited from entering the Idamalayar Dam area. Vadattupara is the last destination that one is allowed to reach on the Bhoothathankettu-Idamalayar Dam Road. The area is also ecologically very sensitive.[citation needed]

## Tourism

[edit]

The Anaimalai Hills are a popular trekking destination in the Western Ghats. Due to heavy rains during the wet season, the ideal time for tourism is between the months of November and May.[citation needed] SH-17 passes through the Anaimalai Hills, between Udumalapet and Munnar, SH-21 passes from Chalakudy to Malakkappara. The nearest towns are Munnar, Pooyamkutty, Mankulam, and Kothamangalam. The nearest international airports are Cochin International Airport and Coimbatore International Airport. Aluva railway station and Pollachi Junction railway station are the nearest railway stations.

## References

[edit]

1. ^ "Anamudi, India". Peakbagger.com. Retrieved 12 March 2013.
2. ^ Singh, A.P.; Kumar, Niraj; Singh, B. (2006). "Nature of the crust along Kuppam–Palani geotransect (South India) from Gravity studies: Implications for Precambrian continental collision and delamination". Gondwana Research. 10 (1–2): 41–7\. doi:10.1016/j.gr.2005.11.013.1–2&rft.pages=41-7&rft.date=2006&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016/j.gr.2005.11.013&rft.aulast=Singh&rft.aufirst=A.P.&rft.au=Kumar,+Niraj&rft.au=Singh,+B.&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Anaimalai+Hills" class="Z3988">
3. ^ Fabricius, Johann Philipp. (1972) J. P. Fabricius's Tamil and English dictionary, 4th ed., rev. and enl. Tranquebar: Evangelical Lutheran Mission Pub. House, retrieved 6/18/2007 anai (āṉai), an elephant Archived 24 October 2015 at the Wayback Machine
4. ^ "Anamala Hills | mountains, India". Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved 11 May 2016.
5. ^ UNESCO, World Heritage sites, Tentative lists, Western Ghats sub cluster, Niligiris. retrieved 4/20/2007 World Heritage sites, Tentative lists
6. ^  One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Anamalai Hills". Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 1 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 913.
7. ^ Sajeev T.K. et al., Management of Forests in India for Biological Diversity and Forest Productivity- A New Perspective, WII-USDA Forest Service Collaborative Project Grant No. FG-In-780 (In-FS-120), Volume III (ACA) Anaimalai Conservation Area Archived 16 March 2007 at the Wayback Machine.
8. ^ Singh, M; Kumar, MA; Kumara, HN; Sharma, AK; Kaumanns, W (2002). "Distribution, population structure, and conservation of lion-tailed macaques (Macaca silenus) in the Anamala / Anaimalai Hills, Western Ghats, India". American Journal of Primatology. 57 (2): 91–102\. doi:10.1002/ajp.10037. PMID 12111684. S2CID 43014595.
9. ^ Kumara, H. N.; Kumar, M. Ananda; Sharma, A. K.; Sushma, H. S.; Singh, Mridula; Singh, Mewa (2004). "Diversity and management of wild mammals in tea gardens in the rainforest regions of the Western Ghats, India: A case study from a tea estate in the Anamala / Anaimalai Hills" (PDF). Current Science. 87 (9): 1282–.
10. ^ Two novel genera and one new species of treefrog (Anura: Rhacophoridae) highlight cryptic diversity in the Western Ghats of India. Zootaxa 3640 (2): 177–189.

## Further reading

[edit]

* Anaimalais, the 'elephant mountains' Chapter One, Field Days: A Naturalist's Journey Through South and Southeast Asia By A. J. T. Johnsingh Contributor A. J. T. Johnsingh Published by Orient Blackswan, 2006 ISBN 81-7371-552-1, ISBN 978-81-7371-552-5, 339 pages
* British Library, India Office WD567, Hamilton, Douglas (1818–1892); Album of 17 drawings of views in the Anaimalai Hills (Cochin and Madras), pen-and-ink, 1863, European school| British school
* British Library, India Office WD568, Hamilton, Douglas (1818–1892); Album of 15 drawings of views in the Anaimalai Hills (Cochin and Madras), pen-and-ink, 1863, European school| British school

## External links

[edit]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Anaimalai Hills.

* v
* t
* e

Geography of India by state or territory

States|

* Andhra Pradesh
* Arunachal Pradesh
* Assam
* Bihar
* Chhattisgarh
* Goa
* Gujarat
* Haryana
* Himachal Pradesh
* Jharkhand
* Karnataka
* Kerala
* Madhya Pradesh
* Maharashtra
* Manipur
* Meghalaya
* Mizoram
* Nagaland
* Odisha
* Punjab
* Rajasthan
* Sikkim
* Tamil Nadu
* Telangana
* Tripura
* Uttar Pradesh
* Uttarakhand
* West Bengal

Union territories|

* Andaman and Nicobar Islands
* Chandigarh
* Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu
* Delhi
* Jammu and Kashmir
* Ladakh
* Lakshadweep
* Puducherry

* v
* t
* e

Geography of India

Geology|

* Fossil Parks
* Geology
* Indian plate
* Geological Monuments
* Stones

Culture|

* History
* National monuments
* Sacred Groves
* Sacred Mountains
* Sacred Rivers
* Tourism
* World Heritage Sites

Landforms|

* Beaches
* Borders
* Coasts
* Canals
* Desert
* ECZ
* Extreme points
* Glaciers
* Highest point by states
* Islands
* Lakes
* Mountains
* Mountain passes
* Rivers
* Valleys
* Volcanoes
* Waterfalls

Regions|

* North India
* Northwest
* Northeast India
* East India
* South India
* West India
* Central India

Geographical regions|

* Deccan Plateau
* Eastern Coastal Plains
* Circars
* Coromandel
* Utkal
* Himalayas
* Eastern
* Himachal
* Himadri
* Sivalik
* Indo-Gangetic Plain
* Thar Desert
* Western Coastal Plains
* Canara
* Konkan
* Kathiawar
* Kutch
* Malabar

Subdivisions|

* States and territories
* Autonomous areas
* Divisions
* Districts
* Cities
* Towns
* Municipalities

Ecology|

* Biogeographic classification
* Climate
* Ecoregions
* Environmental Issues
* Fauna
* Flora
* Forests
* Protected Areas
* Biosphere reserves
* Communal forests
* Conservation areas
* Conservation and community reserves
* Elephant reserves
* National parks
* Ramsar Sites
* Reserved and protected forests
* Tiger reserves
* Wildlife sanctuaries
* Wildlife

* v
* t
* e

India topics

History

| Overviews|

* Timeline
* Years

* Astronomy
* Clothing
* Coinage
* Economics
* LGBTQ
* Linguistics
* Maritime
* Mathematics
* Metallurgy
* Military
* Paper currency
* Postal
* Science and technology

|

Ancient |

* Stone Age
* Indus Valley Civilisation
* Vedic period
* Mahajanapadas
* Mauryas
* Indo-Greek Kingdom
* Achaemenid conquest of the Indus Valley
* Indo-Parthian kingdom
* Kushan Empire
* Alchon Huns
* Seleucid–Mauryan war

Middle Kingdoms|

* Middle kingdoms
* Chola

Middle Ages|

* Medieval India
* Hoysala
* Pala
* Kakatiya
* Delhi Sultanate
* Vijayanagara

Early Modern|

* Mughals
* Marathas
* European trade
* Bengal War

Late modern|

* Colonial
* Princely state
* East India Company
* Plassey
* 1857 rebellion
* British Raj
* Railways
* Economy
* Army
* Commander-in-Chief
* Zamindari
* Bengal Renaissance
* Political reforms
* Partition of Bengal
* Independence movement
* 1943 famine
* World War II
* Partition

Republic|

* Integration
* Non-Aligned Movement
* Five-Year Plans
* Sino-Indian War
* Indo-Pakistani wars
* Green Revolution
* White Revolution
* Naxal Insurgency
* Smiling Buddha
* Space programme
* The Emergency
* Indian Peace Keeping Force (IPKF)

Contemporary|

* History of India (1947–present)
* Economic liberalisation
* Pokhran-II
* COVID-19 pandemic

Geography

| Geology|

* Fossil Parks
* Geology of India
* Indian Plate

|

Heritage|

* National Geological Monuments of India
* Sacred groves of India
* Sacred mountains of India
* Sacred rivers of India
* Stones of India

Environment|

* Biogeographic classification
* Biosphere reserves
* Climate
* Climate change
* Earthquakes
* Ecoregions
* Environmental issues
* Fauna
* Forests
* Flora
* Geology
* National parks
* Protected areas
* Wildlife
* sanctuaries

Landforms|

* Beaches
* Canals
* Coasts
* Desert
* ECZ
* Extreme points
* Glaciers
* Highest point by states
* Islands
* Lakes
* Mountains
* Mountain passes
* Plains
* Indo-Gangetic
* Eastern coastal
* Western coastal
* Rivers
* Valleys
* Volcanoes
* Waterfalls

Regions|

* Central
* East
* North
* Northwest
* Northeast
* South
* Southwest
* Southeast
* West

Subdivisions|

* Autonomous administrative divisions
* Borders
* Towns
* Cities
* Districts
* Municipalities
* States and union territories

See also|

* National monuments of India
* National parks of India
* Nature worship in Indian-origin religions
* World Heritage Sites in India
* Culture of India
* History of India
* Tourism in India

Politics

| Government|

* Agencies
* Energy policy
* Foreign relations
* Parliament
* Lok Sabha
* Rajya Sabha
* President
* Vice President
* Prime Minister
* Union Council of Ministers
* Civil Services
* Cabinet Secretary
* State governments
* State legislative assemblies
* State legislative councils
* Governors, Lieutenant Governors and Administrators
* Chief Ministers
* Chief Secretaries

|

Law|

* Constitution
* Penal Code
* Fundamental rights, principles and duties
* Human rights
* Supreme Court
* Chief Justice
* High Courts
* District Courts

Enforcement|

| Federal|

* Border Security Force (BSF)
* Central Industrial Security Force (CISF)
* Central Reserve Police Force (CRPF)
* Indo-Tibetan Border Police (ITBP)
* National Security Guard (NSG)
* Railway Protection Force (RPF)
* Sashastra Seema Bal (SSB)
* Special Protection Group (SPG)

|

Intelligence|

* Bureau of Police Research and Development (BPR&D)
* Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI)
* Directorate of Revenue Intelligence (DRI)
* Enforcement Directorate (ED)
* Intelligence Bureau (IB)
* Joint Intelligence Committee (JIC)
* Narcotics Control Bureau (NCB)
* National Investigation Agency (NIA)
* Research and Analysis Wing (R&AW)

Military|

* Army
* Navy
* Air Force

Politics|

* Censorship
* Citizenship
* Elections
* Democracy
* Nationalism
* Political parties
* Reservations
* Scandals
* Scheduled groups
* Secularism
* Women in politics

Economy

| Companies|

* BSE SENSEX
* NIFTY 50
* NIFTY Next 50
* NIFTY 500
* GIFT Nifty

|

Governance|

* Ministry of Finance
* Finance ministers
* Ministry of Commerce and Industry
* Finance Commission
* Economic Advisory Council
* Central Statistical Office
* Securities and Exchange Board of India
* Enforcement Directorate
* External debt
* Foreign trade
* Foreign direct investment
* Foreign exchange reserves
* Remittances
* Taxation
* Subsidies
* Industrial licensing
* Voluntary guidelines
* NITI Aayog
* Make in India
* Atmanirbhar Bharat

Currency|

* Indian rupee
* Sign
* History
* Historical Forex
* Digital rupee
* Coinage
* Paisa
* Reserve Bank of India
* Governor
* Mint
* Inflation

Financial services|

* Banking
* Insurance
* Multi Commodity Exchange
* Bullion
* BSE
* NSE
* India INX

History|

* COVID-19 impact
* Economic development
* Liberalisation
* Licence Raj
* Green revolution
* Government initiatives
* Numbering system

People|

* By net worth
* Demography
* Income
* Poverty
* Labour law
* Pensions
* EPFO
* NPS
* PPF

States|

* Andhra Pradesh
* Assam
* Bihar
* Delhi
* Goa
* Gujarat
* Haryana
* Himachal Pradesh
* Jammu and Kashmir
* Jharkhand
* Karnataka
* Kerala
* Ladakh
* Madhya Pradesh
* Maharashtra
* Mizoram
* Odisha
* Punjab
* Rajasthan
* Tamil Nadu
* Telangana
* Uttarakhand
* Uttar Pradesh
* West Bengal

Sectors|

* Agriculture
* Livestock
* Fishing
* Automotive
* Chemical
* Construction
* Defence
* Education
* Energy
* Electricity
* Nuclear
* Oil and gas
* Solar
* Wind
* Electronics and semiconductor
* Entertainment
* Forestry
* Gambling
* Healthcare
* Hospitals
* Information technology
* Media
* Cinema
* FM Radio
* Television
* Printing
* Mining
* Coal
* Iron and Steel
* Pharmaceuticals
* Pulp and paper
* Retail
* Science and technology
* Biotechnology
* Space
* Telecommunications
* Textiles
* Tourism
* Transport
* Aviation
* Civil
* Ports
* Rail
* Roads
* Electricity
* Water
* Power

Regulator|

* IRDAI
* RBI
* SEBI
* IBBI
* PFRDA

Other|

* NCLT
* NCLAT
* BIFR
* IBBI
* IBC
* SARFESI Act
* Income Tax Act
* Companies Act
* Banking Act
* Insurance Act
* FEMA
* Mumbai Consensus

* Society and culture

| Society|

* Caste system
* Corruption
* Crime
* Demographics
* Indians
* Education
* Universities in India
* Medical colleges in India
* Law colleges in India
* Engineering colleges in India
* Ethnic relations
* Health
* Languages
* Life expectancy
* Literacy
* Poverty
* Prisons
* Religion
* Socio-economic issues
* Standard of living
* Water supply and sanitation
* Women
* Sexuality
* Youth

|

Culture|

* Arts and entertainment
* Architecture
* Blogging
* Cinema
* Comics
* Webcomics
* Cuisine
* wine
* Dance
* Dress
* Folklore
* Festivals
* Literature
* Media
* television
* Martial arts
* Music
* Painting
* Physical culture
* Public holidays
* Sculpture
* tallest
* Sport
* Traditional

* v
* t
* e

Geography of South Asia

Mountains|

| Himalayas|

* Eastern Himalayas
* Black Mountains
* Dundwa Range
* Great Himalayas
* Eight-thousander
* Lesser Himalayas
* Sivalik Hills
* Tibetan Himalayas
* Western Himalayas
* Garhwal
* Kishtwar Himalaya
* Margalla Hills
* Ladakh Range
* Zanskar Range

|

Hindu Kush|

* Sulaiman
* Toba Kakar

Western Ghats|

* Ambanad
* Anaimalai
* Biligiriranga
* Cardamom
* Nilgiri
* Satmala
* Selbari
* Palani
* Peaks
* Thirumoorthy
* Trimbakeshwar

Eastern Ghats|

* Bilgiri
* Bodhamalai
* Chitteri
* Erramala
* Gandhamardan
* Garhjat
* Javadi
* Kalrayan
* Kolli
* Nallamalla
* Niyamgiri
* Pachaimalai
* Palkonda
* Seshachalam
* Simhachalam
* Servarayan
* Sirumalai
* Velikonda

* Aravalli
* Garo
* Jaintia
* Karakoram
* Khasi
* Lushai
* Naga
* Purvanchal
* Satpura
* Vindhya

Plateaus|

* Balochistan
* Chota Nagpur
* Deccan
* Ladakh
* Mysore
* Malwa
* Pothohar

Deserts|

* Thal
* Thar
* Cholistan
* Kharan
* Katpana

Lowlands|

| Indo-Gangetic Plain|

* Ganges Basin
* Ganges-Brahmaputra Delta
* Punjab Plain
* Sundarbans
* Indus Basin
* Indus Delta

|

Coastal India|

* East Coast
* Coromandel
* Utkal
* West Coast
* Canara
* Konkan
* Malabar
* Rann of Kutch

Coastal Pakistan|

* Sindh Coast
* Karachi
* Thatta
* Rann of Kutch
* Balochistan Coast
* Gwadar
* Lasbela

* Terai

Water-bodies|

* Andaman Sea
* Arabian Sea
* Bay of Bengal
* Indian Ocean
* Laccadive Sea

Islands|

* Andaman and Nicobar
* Lakshadweep
* Majuli
* Pamban
* Maldives
* Sri Lanka
* Astola
* Churna

By country|

* Afghanistan
* Bangladesh
* Bhutan
* India
* Maldives
* Nepal
* Pakistan
* Sri Lanka

By region|

* Central
* Littoral
* Island
* Northern
* Northwestern
* Northeastern
* Southern
* Southwestern
* Southeastern

* v
* t
* e

Geography of Asia

Sovereign states|

* Afghanistan
* Armenia
* Azerbaijan
* Bahrain
* Bangladesh
* Bhutan
* Brunei
* Cambodia
* China
* Cyprus
* Egypt
* Georgia
* India
* Indonesia
* Iran
* Iraq
* Israel
* Japan
* Jordan
* Kazakhstan
* North Korea
* South Korea
* Kuwait
* Kyrgyzstan
* Laos
* Lebanon
* Malaysia
* Maldives
* Mongolia
* Myanmar
* Nepal
* Oman
* Pakistan
* Philippines
* Qatar
* Russia
* Saudi Arabia
* Singapore
* Sri Lanka
* Syria
* Tajikistan
* Thailand
* Timor-Leste (East Timor)
* Turkey
* Turkmenistan
* United Arab Emirates
* Uzbekistan
* Vietnam
* Yemen

States with
limited recognition|

* Abkhazia
* Northern Cyprus
* Palestine
* South Ossetia
* Taiwan

Dependencies and
other territories|

* British Indian Ocean Territory
* Christmas Island
* Cocos (Keeling) Islands
* Hong Kong
* Macau

* Category
* Asia portal

* v
* t
* e

Climate of Asia

Sovereign states|

* Afghanistan
* Armenia
* Azerbaijan
* Bahrain
* Bangladesh
* Bhutan
* Brunei
* Cambodia
* China
* Cyprus
* Egypt
* Georgia
* India
* Indonesia
* Iran
* Iraq
* Israel
* Japan
* Jordan
* Kazakhstan
* North Korea
* South Korea
* Kuwait
* Kyrgyzstan
* Laos
* Lebanon
* Malaysia
* Maldives
* Mongolia
* Myanmar
* Nepal
* Oman
* Pakistan
* Philippines
* Qatar
* Russia
* Saudi Arabia
* Singapore
* Sri Lanka
* Syria
* Tajikistan
* Thailand
* Timor-Leste (East Timor)
* Turkey
* Turkmenistan
* United Arab Emirates
* Uzbekistan
* Vietnam
* Yemen

States with
limited recognition|

* Abkhazia
* Northern Cyprus
* Palestine
* South Ossetia
* Taiwan

Dependencies and
other territories|

* British Indian Ocean Territory
* Christmas Island
* Cocos (Keeling) Islands
* Hong Kong
* Macau

* Category
* Asia portal

* v
* t
* e

Western Ghats

States|

* Goa
* Gujarat
* Karnataka
* Kerala
* Maharashtra
* Tamil Nadu

Regions|

* Desh
* Kongu Nadu
* Konkan
* Malabar
* Malenadu
* North Malabar
* Tulu Nadu

Peaks|

* Agasthyamalai
* Ambukuthi
* Anamudi
* Anginda
* Anjaneri
* Baba Budangiri
* Banasura
* Brahmagiri
* Chembra
* Devar Mala
* Devimala
* Dhodap
* Doddabetta
* Don
* Elivai Malai
* Eravimala
* Ettina Bhuja
* Gangamoola
* Gopalaswamy Betta
* Illikkal Kallu
* Kalsubai
* Karimala Gopuram
* Kattumala
* Kemmangudi
* Kodachadri
* Kodikuthi Mala
* Kolaribetta
* Kottamala
* Kudremukh
* Kumara Parvata
* Kumarikkal Mala
* Kurumbalakotta
* Madikeri
* Mahendragiri
* Mahuli
* Malleswaran
* Marunthuvazh Malai
* Meenuliyan Para
* Meesapulimala
* Mukurthi
* Mullayanagiri
* Nedumpara
* Padagiri
* Paithalmala
* Perumal Malai
* Pratapgad
* Purandar
* Raigad
* Rajgad
* Rangaswamy
* Ranipuram
* Ratangad
* Salher
* Saptashrungi
* Saputara
* Sinhagad
* Sispara
* Sonsogor
* Tadiandamol
* Taramati
* Torna
* Vagamon
* Vandaravu
* Varayadumotta
* Vavul Mala
* Velliangiri

Hills|

* Ambanad
* Anaimalai
* Biligiriranga
* Cardamom
* Nilgiri
* Satmala
* Selbari
* Palani
* Thirumoorthy
* Trimbakeshwar

Rivers|

* Achankovil
* Adan
* Amarja
* Ambankadavu
* Anjarakandi River
* Arkavathi
* Ayalurpuzha
* Banganga
* Bhadra
* Bharathappuzha
* Bhavani
* Bhima
* Bindusara
* Chakra
* Chalakudy
* Chaliyar
* Cherukunnapuzha
* Cherupuzha
* Cheruthoni
* Chitravathi
* Chittar
* Chulki Nala
* Chulliyar
* Dahisar
* Daman Ganga
* Dandavati
* Darna
* Edamalayar
* Gangavalli
* Gayathripuzha
* Ghataprabha
* Girna
* Godavari
* Gomai
* Gomukhi
* Gurupura
* Hemavati
* Honnuhole
* Indravati
* Indrayani
* Iruvanjippuzha
* Ithikkara
* Kabini
* Kadalundi
* Kadva
* Kali
* Kallada
* Kallayi
* Kalpathipuzha
* Kanjirappuzha
* Kannadipuzha
* Karamana
* Karanja
* Karha
* Karimpuzha
* Kaveri
* Kedaka
* Kodaganar
* Kodavanar
* Kokkiliyar
* Kolar
* Korapuzha
* Korayar
* Kottappuzha
* Koyna
* Krishna
* Kubja
* Kumaradhara
* Kumudvathi
* Kundali
* Kundalika
* Kunthipuzha
* Kurumali
* Kuthirappuzha
* Lakshmana Tirtha
* Madatharuvi
* Mahé
* Malampuzha
* Malaprabha
* Mangalam
* Manimala
* Manimuthar
* Manjalar
* Manjira
* Markandeya
* Maruthappuzha
* Meenachil
* Meenkarappuzha
* Mithi
* Moyar
* Mula
* Mula-Mutha
* Mullayar
* Mutha
* Muthirapuzha
* Muvattupuzha
* Nanganjiyar
* Narmada
* Neerppuzha
* Netravati
* Neyyar
* Nira
* Noyyal
* Oshiwara
* Pachaiyar
* Pahrali
* Painganga
* Palar
* Palar (Kaveri)
* Pallichelaru
* Pamba
* Pambar
* Pambar
* Panchagangavalli
* Panchganga
* Pandippuzha
* Panzara
* Papagni
* Papanasini
* Parambikulam
* Patalganga
* Pavana
* Payaswini
* Penna
* Perinjankutti
* Periyar
* Poisar
* Ponnaiyar
* Pranahita
* Punnappuzha
* Purna (Godavari)
* Purna (Tapti)
* Dnyanganga
* Savitri
* Shahanur
* Shambhavi
* Sharavati
* Shimsha
* Shivana
* Sindphana
* Souparnika
* Tansa
* Tapti
* Tasso
* Thamirabarani
* Thuppanadippuzha
* Thuthapuzha
* Tirur
* Tunga
* Tungabhadra
* Ulhas
* Vaan
* Vaippar
* Valapattanam
* Vandazhippuzha
* Varada
* Varahi
* Vashishti
* Vedavathi
* Venna
* Vrishabhavathi
* Wainganga
* Wardha

Waterfalls|

* Abbey
* Aruvikkuzhy
* Athirappilly
* Ayyanar
* Bandaje
* Barkana
* Catherine
* Charpa
* Chunchanakatte
* Courtallam
* Devaragundi
* Devkund
* Dudhsagar
* Godchinamalaki
* Gokak
* Hanumangundi
* Hebbe
* Hogenakkal
* Irupu
* Jaladurga
* Jog
* Kalhatti (Nilgiris)
* Kalhatti
* Katary
* Kumbakkarai
* Kumbhavurutty
* Kuchikal
* Kune
* Kutladampatti
* Law's
* Magod
* Mallalli
* Manalar
* Meenmutty
* Monkey
* Muthyala Maduvu
* Oliyarik
* Palaruvi
* Pandavgad
* Pattathippara
* Perunthenaruvi
* Sahasrakund
* Sathodi
* Sengupathi
* Shivanasamudra
* Shivganga
* Siruvani
* Soochipara
* Suruli
* Thalaiyar
* Thusharagiri
* Tirparappu
* Ulakkai
* Unchalli
* Vaideki
* Vajrapoha
* Vattaparai
* Vazhachal

Lakes|

* Avalanche
* Berijam
* Kodaikanal
* Ooty
* Pykara
* Sasthamkotta
* Vellayani

Protected areas
and reserves|

* Anamalai
* Annekal
* Aralam
* Agasthyamala
* Agasthyavanam
* Bandipur
* Bannerghatta
* Bhadra
* Bhimgad
* Brahmagiri
* Chandoli
* Chimmony
* Chinnar
* Dandeli
* Eravikulam
* Grass Hills
* Grizzled Squirrel
* Kali
* Kalakkad-Mundanthurai
* Karian Shola
* Karnala
* Kodaikanal
* Koyna
* Kudremukh
* Mhadei
* Mudumalai
* Mukurthi
* Nagarhole
* New Amarambalam
* Neyyar
* Nilgiri
* Palani
* Parambikulam
* Peechi-Vazhani
* Peppara
* Periyar
* Pushpagiri
* Radhanagari
* SAI
* Sathyamangalam
* Shendurney
* Silent Valley
* Someshwara
* Talakaveri
* Thanthai
* Wayanad

Ghats and gaps|

* Amba Ghat
* Amboli Ghat
* Bhor Ghat
* Chorla Ghat
* Goa Gap
* Kumbharli Ghat
* Naneghat
* Palakkad Gap
* Tamhini Ghat
* Thal Ghat
* Varandha Ghat

Dams and
reservoirs|

* Aathupalayam
* Aliyar
* Almatti
* Amaravathi
* Basava Sagara
* Bhadra Dam
* Bhandardara
* Bhatghar
* Bhavanisagar
* Bhushi
* Chaskaman
* Dhom
* Gorur
* Harangi
* Hetwane
* Itiadoh
* Jayakwadi
* Kabini
* Kadra
* Kamarajar Sagar
* Kanher
* Kanva
* Karuppanadhi
* Khadakwasla
* Kodasalli
* Kodiveri
* Kolkewadi
* Koyna
* Krishna Raja Sagar
* Krishnagiri
* Linganamakki
* Manimuthar
* Mettur
* Mukkadal
* Mulshi
* Nallathangal
* Nilwande
* Orathuppalayam
* Panshet
* Papanasam
* Pawna
* Pechiparai
* Perunchani
* Raja Lakhamagouda
* Ramtek
* Renuka Sagara
* Salaulim
* Sathanur
* Servalar
* Shanti Sagara
* Solaiyar
* Supa
* Susri
* Tansa
* Temghar
* Tilari
* Totladoh
* Tungabhadra
* Ujjani
* Upper Bhavani
* Vaigai
* Lower Vaitarna
* Middle Vaitarna
* Upper Vaitarna
* Vani Vilasa Sagara
* Varasgaon
* Varattu Pallam
* Veer
* Vihar
* Waghur
* Walwan
* Yeldari

Landslides|

* Pettimudi (2020)
* Wayanad (2024)

Related|

* Mountains of Kerala
* Mountains of Maharashtra

See also: Eastern Ghats

* v
* t
* e

Kerala topics

History|

* Sangam period
* Edakkal caves
* Ariyannur Umbrellas
* Kudakkallu Parambu
* Chovvanur burial cave
* Chera
* Zamorin of Calicut
* Venad Swaroopam
* Kingdom of Cannanore
* Kerala school
* Battle of Kulachal
* Arakkal kingdom
* Lakshadweep
* Anglo-Mysore Wars
* Battle of Quilon
* Vaikom Satyagraham
* Perumpadapu Swaroopam
* Malabar Migration

Government
Politics|

* Chief Ministers
* Governors
* Legislative Assembly
* Elections in Kerala
* Saptakakshi Munnani
* Aikya Munnani
* Left Democratic Front
* United Democratic Front
* Politicians
* Departments & Agencies

Incidents|

* 1988 Perumon tragedy
* 2001 Kadalundi Train derailment
* 2016 Paravur temple fire
* 2018 Kerala floods

Geography|

* Agasthyamala Biosphere Reserve
* Ashtamudi Lake
* Kavvayi Backwaters
* Backwaters
* Districts
* Eravikulam National Park
* Flora and fauna
* Malabar Coast
* Marayoor
* Nelliampathi Mountains
* Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve
* Nilgiri Hills
* Palakkad Gap
* Protected areas
* Sasthamcotta Lake
* Vembanad Lake

Demographics
Economy
Religion|

* Malayalis
* Nambudiris
* Ambalavasis
* Samanthas
* Nairs
* Mappilas
* Thiyyas
* Saint Thomas Christians
* Kerala Iyers
* Ezhavas
* Cochin Jews
* Jainism in Kerala
* Pulayar
* Dravidians
* Adivasis
* Scheduled Tribes
* Kerala model
* Tourism
* Education
* colleges and universities

Culture|

* Arts
* Architecture
* Cuisine
* Kalaripayattu
* Literature
* Sarpam Thullal
* Triumvirate poets
* Vallam kali

Dance / Drama / Cinema|

* Kathakali
* Kolkali
* Koodiyattam
* Mohiniyattam
* Margamkali
* Ottan Thullal
* Theyyam
* Cinema of Kerala

Festivals|

* Vishu
* Onam
* Pooram
* Eid al-Fitr
* Eid al-Adha
* Christmas

Languages|

* Malayalam
* Malayalam calendar
* Arabi Malayalam
* Suriyani Malayalam
* Judeo-Malayalam
* Irula language

Music|

* Chenda
* Thayambaka
* Kolkali
* Panchari melam
* Panchavadyam
* Sopana Sangeetham

Organisations/Agencies|

* Nair Service Society
* Sree Narayana Dharma Paripalana Yogam
* Samastha Kerala Jem-iyyathul Ulama
* Kerala Nadvathul Mujahideen
* Syro-Malabar Church

Tourism|

* Alappuzha
* Athirappilly Falls
* Beaches in Kerala
* Bekal
* Chembra Peak
* Kerala backwaters
* Kollam
* Places of Interest in Malappuram
* Tourist attractions in Kannur
* Islands of Kollam
* Tourist attractions of Palakkad
* Kovalam
* Tourism in Kasaragod
* Munnar
* Muzhappilangad Beach
* Peruvanam
* List of tourist attractions in Kozhikode
* Estuaries of Paravur
* Tourism in Thiruvananthapuram
* Vallam kali
* Wayanad

Administrative divisions|

* Administrative divisions
* Districts
* Revenue divisions
* Taluks

Local governance|

* Local bodies
* Municipalities
* Municipal corporations
* Panchayats
* Local self-government department
* State Election Commission

India portal
*[v]: View this template
*[t]: Discuss this template
*[e]: Edit this template