And (film)

Title frame of the film "and–" (1940-41).

“and–” is an experimental film by Dorothy Fowler and Margaret Roberts, who made it in Vancouver, British Columbia, circa 1940–41. Fowler and Roberts were members of the Vancouver Branch of the National Film Society of Canada (VB/NFSC). "and–” is the earliest known experimental film made in Vancouver, and among the earliest produced in Canada.[1]

## Production

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"and–” is partially a collage film; it utilizes some pre-existing film material shot in the late 1930s by amateur filmmaker Oscar C. Burritt, another member of the Vancouver Branch of the NFS. (For instance, the “producers” credit in "and–" runs over an out-take from his midget-racing-car film Bats Out of Hell.) This found footage—including negative film stock, inverted (reversed) images, and random camera movements—was combined with Fowler and Roberts' newly hand-painted and scratched stock. In some cases, their hand-painting carried over onto the found footage as well.

A selection of frames from "and-" illustrating the techniques used.

The technique of painting and scratching directly onto film stock later became widely identified with Norman McLaren of the National Film Board of Canada (NFB). However, "and–" was clearly inspired by the earlier work of Len Lye, whose pioneering short A Colour Box (1935) had been screened by the film society.[2] Fowler and Robert's work is particularly significant because it was made before (or simultaneously with) McLaren's arrival at the NFB.

## Presentation

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The only published mention of the film from the period it was made refers to a screening at the University of British Columbia on 30 January 1942.[3] It seems very likely that the film was also shown at one of the regular Vancouver film society screenings, possibly at the Stanley Theatre on Granville Street. Preserved today in silent form, the film was originally presented with a soundtrack of jazz music from phonograph records, mixed “live” on a dual turntable set-up owned by the film society. The tracks used included Benny Goodman’s “Sing, Sing, Sing” and Bud Freeman’s "China Boy" and “The Eel."[4]

## The Burritts

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Dorothy Fowler and Oscar Burritt were married in January 1942.[5] Moving to Toronto in 1947, they helped to found the Toronto Film Study Group (which became the Toronto Film Society in 1950). Dorothy Burritt (1910–1963) was president and co-founder of the Canadian Federation of Film Societies. The Dorothy Burritt Memorial Award was created by the Canadian Federation of Film Societies in 1964, and later renamed for both Dorothy and Oscar Burritt. It provided an annual cash grant towards projects that foster “greater understanding and enjoyment of film as an art.”[1]

## Preservation Status

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The film remained in the Burritts' hands until Oscar Burritt's death in 1974. Largely forgotten, it was rarely mentioned in print; one exception was a reference in John Porter's 1984 article in the arts magazine Vanguard.[6] The original 16-millimetre edited picture roll of "and–” is now preserved in the Douglas Wilson film collection at Library and Archives Canada in Ottawa. The same collection also includes Three There: Galiano Island 1940 (by Burritt, Fowler, and Roberts) and Cinemaorgy (1955) (by Burritt).

Another early experimental film work, apparently related to "and–", is residue 2, which is credited to "Angus Hanson" (a pseudonym). This film was found among Oscar Burritt's possessions after his death. A videotape master of residue 2 is preserved at the BC Archives/Royal BC Museum.[1]

## References

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1. ^ a b c Duffy, Dennis J. (2019). “Evangelists: The Other Cinema of Dorothy and Oscar Burritt." Amateur Cinema. Online article.
2. ^ Burritt, Dorothy [nee Fowler] (1959). “The Other Cinema.” Food for Thought, vol. 19 no. 6 (March 1959), 265.
3. ^ Vancouver Daily Province (1942). "UBC Radio Program Will Aid Red Cross," January 28, 12.
4. ^ Roberts, Margaret (1985). Personal communication.
5. ^ Marriage registration #1942-09-523037, Vancouver, BC, 10 January 1942, Province of British Columbia; accessed via the BC Archives/Royal BC Museum website.
6. ^ Porter, John (1984). “Artists Discovering Film: Postwar Toronto.” Vanguard. Summer 1984, 24.

## External Sources

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* "and–" [ca. 1940]: An Early Canadian Experimental Film, Made by Two Vancouver Women This article includes a link to a viewing copy of the film, here presented with an added musical soundtrack.
* And-- and Let's go fishing. Database record for VHS reference copy of "and-" at the BC Archives, Royal BC Museum.