Anhui

Province of China

For the Indian Buddhist monk whose writings survived in China under the Chinese name Anhui, see Sthiramati.

Province in China

Anhui

Province

Name transcription(s)
• Chinese| 安徽省 (Ānhuī shěng)
• Abbreviation| AH / 皖 (Wǎn)
• Lower Yangtze Mandarin| Ang1 huei1 Sen3

Mount Huang

Hongcun

Hefei skyline

Mount Jiuhua

Map showing the location of Anhui within China

Coordinates: 31°50′N 117°0′E﻿ / ﻿31.833°N 117.000°E﻿ / 31.833; 117.000
Country| China
Named after| Anqing and Huizhou
Capital (and largest city)| Hefei
Divisions| 16 prefectures, 105 counties, 1845 townships
Government

• Type| Province
• Body| Anhui Provincial People's Congress
• Party Secretary| Liang Yanshun
• Congress Chairperson| vacant
• Governor| Wang Qingxian
• Provincial CPPCC Chairperson| Tang Liangzhi
• National People's Congress Representation| 111 deputies
Area

[1]

• Total

| 140,200 km2 (54,100 sq mi)
• Rank| 22nd
Highest elevation

(Lianhua Peak)

| 1,873 m (6,145 ft)
Population

(2020)[2]

• Total

| 61,027,171
• Rank| 9th
• Density| 440/km2 (1,100/sq mi)
• Rank| 9th
Demographics

• Ethnic composition|

* Han (99%)
* Hui (0.6%)

• Languages and dialects| Lower Yangtze Mandarin, Central Plains Mandarin, Gan, Wu, Huizhou
GDP (2023)[3]

• Total| CN¥ 4,705 billion (11th)
US$ 668 billion
• Per capita| CN¥ 76,830 (13th)
US$ 10,903
ISO 3166 code| CN-AH
HDI (2022)| 0.767[4] (20th) – high
Website| www.ah.gov.cn (in Chinese)
Anhui

"Anhui" in Chinese characters

Chinese| 安徽
Postal| Anhwei
| Transcriptions

Standard Mandarin
Hanyu Pinyin| Ānhuī
Bopomofo| ㄢ   ㄏㄨㄟ
Gwoyeu Romatzyh| Anhuei
Wade–Giles| An1-hui1
IPA| [án.xwéɪ] ⓘ

Romanization| Oe平 hue平
Gan
Romanization| Ngon1-fi1
Yue: Cantonese
Yale Romanization| Ōn-fāi
Jyutping| On1-fai1
IPA| [ɔn˥ fɐj˥]
Southern Min
Tâi-lô| An-huei

Anhui[a] is an inland province located in East China. Its provincial capital and largest city is Hefei. The province is located across the basins of the Yangtze and Huai rivers, bordering Jiangsu and Zhejiang to the east, Jiangxi to the south, Hubei and Henan to the west, and Shandong to the north. With a population of 61 million, Anhui is the 9th most populous province in China. It is the 22nd largest Chinese province based on area, and the 12th most densely populated region of all 34 Chinese provincial regions. Anhui's population is mostly composed of Han Chinese. Languages spoken within the province include Lower Yangtze Mandarin, Wu, Hui, Gan and small portion of Central Plains Mandarin.

The name "Anhui" derives from the names of two cities: Anqing and Huizhou (now Huangshan City).[7] The abbreviation for Anhui is Wǎn (皖), corresponding to the historical state of Wan [zh], and is also used to refer to the Wan River and Mount Tianzhu. The provincial government of Anhui includes a Governor, Provincial Congress, the People's Political Consultative Conference, and the Provincial Higher People's Court. Aside from managing local government departments, the Anhui provincial government manages 16 cities, 62 counties, 43 county-level districts and 1,522 townships. Anhui's total GDP ranked 14th among China's 31 province-level regions as of 2022[update].

## History

[edit]

The old town of Sanhe, Feixi County

Anhui was established 1667, during the reign of the Qing dynasty's Kangxi Emperor. The province's nickname, "Wan", is taken from the name of a small state that existed in the region during the Spring and Autumn period (722–481 BC). The name "Wan" also corresponds to the province's Mount Tianzhu and state of Wan [zh]. Evidence of human beings inhabiting what is now Anhui 20,000 years before present has been attested by archaeological findings in Fanchang County, related to he cultural domains of Yangshao and Longshan, dated to the Neolithic period (8000–2000 BC). In relation to these cultures, archeologists have discovered through excavation a 4500-year-old city called the Nanchengzi Ruins in Guzhen County, after they discovered a Neolithic city wall and a moat that was part of a much larger and integrated city in the region during their 2013 disinterment.[8]

Anhui in 1936

There are many historical sites located in the province dating to the pre-imperial period. The culture of northern Anhui was associated with that of the North China Plain, together with what is now Henan, northern Jiangsu, and southern Shandong. Central Anhui was densely populated, and consisted of the fertile Huai River watershed. Contrastingly, southern Anhui was closer to Jiangxi and southern Jiangsu; the hills in the southeastern part of the province formed a unique cultural sphere. After the Qin dynasty unified China in 221 BC, the territory of modern Anhui belonged to different prefectures, including Jiujiang, Zhang, Tang, and Sishui. The lands became part of the Yang, Yu, and Xu prefectures during the Han dynasty (202 BC – 220 AD). During the Three Kingdoms era (222–280), Anhui was dominated at various times by Eastern Wu and Cao Wei. By the Song dynasty (960–1279), the economy and culture of area was flourishing. Anhui became part of the province of Henan during the Yuan dynasty (1271–1368); during the Ming dynasty the area was directly administrated by the imperial capital in Nanjing.

Anhui and Jiangsu were merged into one province under the Qing dynasty (1644–1912) until 1666, during the reign of the Kangxi Emperor. It played an important role in the Self-Strengthening Movement led by Li Hongzhang during the later Qing; at this time, western weapons, factories and administrative theories were being introduced into China. Over the next 50 years, Anhui became one of the country's most radically liberal areas, with important 20th-century figures moving to the province, like the poet and diplomat Hu Shih, and Chen Duxiu, the founder of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP).

In 1938, large areas in north and central Anhui were severely damaged by the decision of President Chiang Kai-shek to demolish a critical dam on the Yellow River, hoping that would physically impede the ongoing invasion by the Imperial Japanese Army and prevent them from capturing Zhengzhou. Within only ten days of the dam breaking, the water and sands drowned all of north and middle area of this province, resulting in the deaths of between 500,000 and 900,000 Chinese people, as well as an unknown number of Japanese soldiers. Following the end of the Second Sino-Japanese War in 1945, the capital city of Anhui moved to Hefei, then a small town. The provincial government made significant investments for its development. After 1949, the government launched projects to repair the damages suffered during World War II. The province underwent significant development via the Third Front campaign to build basic and national defense industries in protected locations, in case of invasion by the Soviet Union or United States. The centerpiece of the Shanghai Small Third Front was the "rear base" in Anhui which served as "a multi-function manufacturing base for anti-aircraft and anti-tank weaponry".[9] During the late 1990s Anhui became one of China's fastest-growing provinces. The province forms part of the China Yangtze River Delta Economic Area, which is the most developed area of China.

## Geography

[edit]

Government building in Fuyang City

Anhui is topographically diverse. The north is part of the North China Plain while the north-central areas are part of the Huai River watershed. Both regions are flat, and densely populated. The land becomes more uneven further south, with the Dabie Mountains occupying much of southwestern Anhui and a series of hills and ranges cutting through southeastern Anhui, between which is the Yangtze River. The highest peak in Anhui is Lotus Peak, part of Huangshan in southeastern Anhui. It has an altitude of 1,873 metres (6,145 feet).

Major rivers include the Huai River in the north and the Yangtze in the south. The largest lake is Lake Chaohu situated in the center of the province, with an area of about 800 km2 (310 sq mi). The southeastern part of the province near the Yangtze River has many lakes as well.

As with topography, the province differs in climate from north to south. The north is more temperate with more distinct seasons. January temperatures average at around −1 to 2 °C north of the Huai River, and 0 to 3 °C south of the Huai River; in July temperatures average 27 °C or above. Plum rains occur in June and July and may cause flooding.

Anhui has 16 cities. Economically, top 3 cities are, Hefei, Wuhu and Anqing.

* Hefei
* Wuhu
* Anqing
* Huangshan City
* Tongling
* Ma'anshan
* Huainan
* Bengbu
* Bozhou

## Ecology

[edit]

The Anhui elm, Ulmus gaussenii W. C. Cheng, is a medium size deciduous tree whose natural range is restricted to the valleys of the Langya limestone mountains of Chu Xian.[10] The tree was most commonly found on the flood plains, indicating a tolerance of periodic inundation. U. gaussenii is now the world's rarest and most endangered elm species, with only approximately 30 trees known to survive in the wild in 2009.[11]

The province is also home to the Chinese alligator (Alligator sinensis, simplified Chinese: 扬子鳄; traditional Chinese: 揚子鱷; pinyin: yángzǐ'è), also known as the Yangtze alligator,[12] China alligator,[13] or historically the muddy dragon,[14] a critically endangered crocodilian.

## Administrative divisions

[edit]

Main articles: List of administrative divisions of Anhui and List of township-level divisions of Anhui

Anhui is divided into sixteen prefecture-level divisions: all prefecture-level cities:

Administrative divisions of Anhui

Hefei

Wuhu

Bengbu

Huainan

Ma'anshan

Huaibei

Tongling

Anqing

Huangshan

Chuzhou

Fuyang

Suzhou

Lu'an

Bozhou

Chizhou

Xuancheng

Division code[15] | Division  | Area in km2[16] | Population 2020[17] | Seat  | Divisions[18]
Districts | Counties | CL cities
340000 | Anhui Province  | 139,600.00 | 61,027,171 | Hefei city | 45 | 50 | 9
340100 | Hefei city  | 11,445.06 | 9,369,881 | Shushan District | 4 | 4 | 1
340200 | Wuhu city  | 6,004.97 | 3,644,420 | Jiujiang District | 5 | 1 | 1
340300 | Bengbu city  | 5,950.72 | 3,296,408 | Bengshan District | 4 | 3 |
340400 | Huainan city  | 5,532.30 | 3,033,528 | Tianjia'an District | 5 | 2 |
340500 | Ma'anshan city  | 4,049.13 | 2,159,930 | Yushan District | 3 | 3 |
340600 | Huaibei city  | 2,740.91 | 1,970,265 | Xiangshan District | 3 | 1 |
340700 | Tongling city  | 2,937.83 | 1,311,726 | Tongguan District | 3 | 1 |
340800 | Anqing city  | 13,525.03 | 4,165,284 | Yingjiang District | 3 | 5 | 2
341000 | Huangshan city  | 9,678.39 | 1,330,565 | Tunxi District | 3 | 4 |
341100 | Chuzhou city  | 13,515.99 | 3,987,054 | Langya District | 2 | 4 | 2
341200 | Fuyang city  | 10,118.17 | 8,200,264 | Yingzhou District | 3 | 4 | 1
341300 | Suzhou city  | 9,938.77 | 5,324,476 | Yongqiao District | 1 | 4 |
341500 | Lu'an city  | 15,450.82 | 4,393,699 | Jin'an District | 3 | 4 |
341600 | Bozhou city  | 8,521.23 | 4,996,844 | Qiaocheng District | 1 | 3 |
341700 | Chizhou city  | 8,364.81 | 1,342,764 | Guichi District | 1 | 3 |
341800 | Xuancheng city  | 12,312.55 | 2,500,063 | Xuanzhou District | 1 | 4 | 2
Administrative divisions in Chinese and varieties of romanizations

English | Chinese | Pinyin | Jiang–Huai (Langjin Pinin)
Anhui Province | 安徽省 | Ānhuī Shěng | Ang1 huei1 Sen3
Hefei city | 合肥市 | Héféi Shì | Ho5 fei2 Shr4
Wuhu city | 芜湖市 | Wúhú Shì | U2 hu2 Shr4
Bengbu city | 蚌埠市 | Bèngbù Shì | Bang4 bu4 Shr4
Huainan city | 淮南市 | Huáinán Shì | Huä2 lang2 Shr4
Ma'anshan city | 马鞍山市 | Mǎ'ānshān Shì | Ma3 ang1 shang1 Shr4
Huaibei city | 淮北市 | Huáiběi Shì | Huä2 bä5 Shr4
Tongling city | 铜陵市 | Tónglíng Shì | Tong2 lin2 Shr4
Anqing city | 安庆市 | Ānqìng Shì | Ang1 qin4 Shr4
Huangshan city | 黄山市 | Huángshān Shì | Huang2 shang1 Shr4
Chuzhou city | 滁州市 | Chúzhōu Shì | Chu2 zhou1 Shr4
Fuyang city | 阜阳市 | Fùyáng Shì | Fu4 iang2 Shr4
Suzhou city | 宿州市 | Sùzhōu Shì | Su5 zhou1 Shr4
Lu'an city | 六安市 | Lù'ān Shì | Lu5 ang1 Shr4
Bozhou city | 亳州市 | Bózhōu Shì | Bo5 zhou1 Shr4
Chizhou city | 池州市 | Chízhōu Shì | Chr2 zhou1 Shr4
Xuancheng city | 宣城市 | Xuānchéng Shì | Süän1 chen2 Shr4

These 16 prefecture-level cities are in turn subdivided into 104 county-level divisions (45 districts, 9 county-level cities, and 50 counties). Those are in turn divided into 1,512 township-level divisions (997 towns, 230 townships, 9 ethnic townships, and 276 subdistricts).

### Urban areas

[edit]

Population by urban areas of prefecture & county cities

# | City | Urban area[19] | District area[19] | City proper[19] | Census date
1 | Hefei[b] | 3,098,727 | 3,310,268 | 7,457,027 | 2010-11-01
2 | Huainan[c] | 1,238,488 | 1,666,826 | 3,342,012 | 2010-11-01
3 | Wuhu[b] | 1,108,087 | 2,487,111 | 2,263,123 | 2010-11-01
4 | Huaibei | 854,696 | 1,113,321 | 2,114,276 | 2010-11-01
5 | Bengbu | 793,866 | 972,784 | 3,164,467 | 2010-11-01
6 | Fuyang | 780,522 | 1,768,947 | 7,599,913 | 2010-11-01
7 | Suzhou | 742,685 | 1,647,642 | 5,352,924 | 2010-11-01
8 | Lu'an[d][c] | 661,217 | 1,644,344 | 4,603,585 | 2010-11-01
(8) | Lu'an (new district)[d] | 134,239 | 134,239 | see Lu'an | 2010-11-01
9 | Ma'anshan[e][b] | 657,847 | 741,531 | 2,304,774 | 2010-11-01
(9) | Ma'anshan (new district)[e] | 169,888 | 169,888 | see Ma'anshan | 2010-11-01
10 | Anqing[f] | 570,538 | 780,514 | 4,472,667 | 2010-11-01
11 | Bozhou | 474,318 | 1,409,436 | 4,850,657 | 2010-11-01
12 | Tongling[f] | 438,981 | 474,363 | 1,562,670 | 2010-11-01
(13) | Chaohu[b] | 404,789 | 780,711 | see Hefei | 2010-11-01
14 | Chuzhou | 392,461 | 562,321 | 3,937,868 | 2010-11-01
15 | Tianchang | 324,625 | 602,840 | see Chuzhou | 2010-11-01
16 | Xuancheng | 315,058 | 772,490 | 2,532,938 | 2010-11-01
17 | Chizhou | 289,122 | 595,268 | 1,402,518 | 2010-11-01
18 | Huangshan | 287,576 | 460,786 | 1,358,980 | 2010-11-01
19 | Tongcheng | 269,346 | 664,455 | see Anqing | 2010-11-01
20 | Ningguo | 231,090 | 376,857 | see Xuancheng  | 2010-11-01
21 | Jieshou | 214,776 | 561,956 | see Fuyang | 2010-11-01
22 | Mingguang | 204,323 | 532,732 | see Chuzhou | 2010-11-01
(23) | Qianshan[g] | 165,779 | 500,292 | see Anqing | 2010-11-01

1. ^ UK: /ænˈhweɪ/,[5] US: /ɑːnˈhweɪ/;[6] 安徽ⓘ; formerly romanized as Anhwei
2. ^ a b c d Chaohu PLC is currently no longer exist after census it was split among Hefei (Juchao & Lujiang), Wuhu (Wuwei), & Ma'anshan (Hexian & Hanshan); Juchao District is currently known as Chaohu CLC. Chaohu PLC city proper count is reflected among the three PLCs.
3. ^ a b Shouxian County was transferred from Lu'an PLC to Huainan PLC's jurisdiction after census; the City proper count is reflected onto Huainan PLC not Lu'an PLC.
4. ^ a b New district established after census: Yeji by splitting from parts of Huoqiu County. The new district not included in the urban area & district area count of the pre-expanded city.
5. ^ a b New district established after census: Bowang by splitting from parts of Dangtu County. The new district not included in the urban area & district area count of the pre-expanded city.
6. ^ a b Zongyang County was transferred from Anqing PLC to Tongling PLC's jurisdiction after census; the City proper count is reflected onto Tongling PLC not Anqing PLC.
7. ^ Qianshan County is currently known as Qianshan CLC after census.

Most populous cities in Anhui

Source: China Urban Construction Statistical Yearbook 2018 Urban Population and Urban Temporary Population[20]

Rank  |  | Pop.  | Rank  |  | Pop.
1 | Hefei | 4,292,400 | 11 | Tongling | 535,300
2 | Wuhu | 1,536,700 | 12 | Chuzhou | 507,600
3 | Huainan | 1,178,200 | 13 | Huangshan | 406,100
4 | Bengbu | 961,100 | 14 | Bozhou | 365,000
5 | Fuyang | 907,400 | 15 | Xuancheng | 357,700
6 | Huaibei | 762,500 | 16 | Chaohu | 357,000
7 | Ma'anshan | 752,500 | 17 | Chizhou | 310,100
8 | Anqing | 631,500 | 18 | Tianchang | 196,600
9 | Lu'an | 607,500 | 19 | Jieshou | 188,600
10 | Suzhou | 578,600 | 20 | Mingguang | 186,000

## Politics

[edit]

Main articles: Politics of Anhui and List of provincial leaders of the People's Republic of China

The Politics of Anhui Province is structured in a dual party-government system like all other governing institutions in mainland China. The Governor of Anhui is the highest-ranking official in the Anhui Provincial People's Government. However, in the province's dual party-government governing system, the Governor has less power than the Anhui Chinese Communist Party Provincial Committee Secretary.

Most provincial government departments and the Governor office are located at No.1 Zhongshan Road, moved from old downtown of Hefei since 2016. Provincial government is responsible to manage 16 prefecture-level cities, 105 counties, 1845 townships and different departments in Anhui. The Anhui Provincial People's Congress is just located near provincial government. The Provincial Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC) is located at No.317, Suzhou Road. The Provincial Higher People's Court is located at no. 472 Changjiang Rd.

Typically, annual provincial congress meeting is held in the first quarter of each year shortly before national congress meeting and the annual meeting of CPPCC is held in the first quarter or the fourth quarter of each year.

## Economy

[edit]

Agriculture in Anhui varies according to the climate zones. To the north of the Huai River, wheat and sweet potatoes are grown, while to the south it is rice and wheat instead. As of 2022[update], Anhui's nominal GDP was US$670 billion (CN¥ 4.51 trilion), about 3.72% of the country's GDP and ranked 10th among province-level administrative units; the province's primary, secondary and tertiary industries were worth CN¥351.37 billion (US$52.24 billion), CN¥1.8588 trillion (US$276.36 billion) and CN¥2.29433 trillion (US$341.1 billion) respectively. Its nominal GDP per capita was US$10,943 (CN¥73,603) and ranked the 14th in the country.[3]

Natural resources of Anhui include iron in Ma'anshan, coal in Huainan, and copper in Tongling. There are industries related to these natural resources (e.g. steel industry at Ma'anshan). One of the famous Anhui-based corporations is the automobile company Chery, which is based in Wuhu.

Farmlands of Anhui

Compared to its more prosperous neighbours to the east, Zhejiang and Jiangsu, Anhui has lagged markedly behind in economic development, with a GDP per capita around half of those two provinces in 2017 rapidly improved from 1/3 of those two provinces in 2010. However, the provincial GDP per capita is based on the population registered in the province (that is, with local Hukou), but not necessarily residing there. There is significant regional disparity, where much of the wealth is concentrated in industrial regions close to the Yangtze River, such as Hefei, Wuhu, and Ma'anshan. The province is home to a large cluster of white goods manufacture such as Haier, Hisense, Whirlpool, Gree, Royalstar, and Meling.

### Major economic and technological development zones

[edit]

#### Hefei Economic and Technological Development Zone

[edit]

Hefei Economic and Technological Development Zone is located in the southwest of Hefei and was established in 1993. It is located close to Hefei Luogang International Airport.[21]

#### Hefei Hi-Tech Industrial Development Zone

[edit]

Hefei Hi-Tech Industrial Development Zone was founded in October 1990 and approved by the State Council as a state-level Development Zone in March 1991. In 1997, the Development Zone was ratified as an APEC Science and Technology Industrial Park, with special open policies to APEC and EU members. Hefei High Tech Park was also approved as a National High Tech Export Base in 2000 and obtained the award of an Advanced High Tech Zone under the Torch Program in 2003. So far, more than 100 hi-tech enterprises have entered the zone. Industries encouraged in the zone include chemical production and processing, electronics assembly & manufacturing, instruments & industrial equipment, medical Equipment and telecommunications.[22]

#### Wuhu Economic and Technological Development Zone

[edit]

Established in 1993, Wuhu Economic and Technological Development Zone was the first state-level development zone approved by central government in Anhui, utilising the transportation advantage of the Yangtse Delta at Wuhu.[23]

#### Wuhu Export Processing Zone

[edit]

Wuhu Export Processing Zone was approved to be a national level export processing zone, with a total planned area of 2.95 km2 (1.14 sq mi).[24]

## Transportation

[edit]

A high-speed train in Hefei railway station Hefei South Railway Station a metro entrance in Hefei

Historically, Anhui's transport network was hampered by the lack of bridges across the Yangtze River, which divides the province into northern and southern regions. The first bridge across the Yangtze in Anhui, the Tongling Yangtze River Bridge, was completed in 1995. As of October 2014, Anhui had four bridges across the Yangtze, at Ma'anshan, Wuhu, Tongling, and Anqing.

### Rail

[edit]

Anhui lacked a developed railway network until this century: most cities are now connected by a high-speed train system. Hefei South railway station is the high-speed train hub.

### Highway system

[edit]

The province set an ambitious plan from 2015 to 2025 for highways including:

G3 Beijing-Taipei Expressway

G40 Shanghai-Xi'an Expressway

G42 Shanghai-Chengdu Expressway

S24 Changshu-Hefei Expressway

### Subway

[edit]

Hefei and Wuhu have subway systems. The Hefei Metro has 2 completed lines, 3 lines under construction and another 10 lines planned. The Wuhu Metro has 2 subway lines under construction and another 3 lines planned.

### Aviation

[edit]

The province has 5 major commercial airports and another 4 are under construction. Hefei Xinqiao International Airport and Huangshan International Airport are the 2 international airports. The 5 airports in operation are:

* Hefei Xinqiao International Airport (IATA: HFE, ICAO: ZSOF)
* Huangshan Tunxi International Airport (IATA: TXN, ICAO: ZSTX)
* Fuyang Xiguan Airport (IATA: FUG, ICAO: ZSFY)
* Anqing Tianzhushan Airport (IATA: AQG, ICAO: ZSAQ)
* Chizhou Jiuhuashan Airport (IATA: JUH, ICAO: ZSJH)

## Demographics

[edit]

Historical populationYear| Pop.| ±%

|
|

1912[25] | 16,229,000| —
1928[26] | 21,715,000| +33.8%
1936–37[27] | 23,354,000| +7.5%
1947[28] | 22,462,000| −3.8%
1954[29] | 30,343,637| +35.1%
1964[30] | 31,241,657| +3.0%
1982[31] | 49,665,724| +59.0%
1990[32] | 56,180,813| +13.1%
2000[33] | 58,999,948| +5.0%
2010[34] | 59,500,510| +0.8%
2020[2] | 61,027,171| +2.6%

Han Chinese make up the vast majority of the population. The Hui and She are the two largest minorities.

Anhui has a highly unbalanced gender ratio. According to a 2009 study published in the British Medical Journal, in the 1–4 age group, there are 138 boys for every 100 girls, making it among the most unbalanced of provinces in China.[35]

### Religion

[edit]

Religion in Anhui[36][note 2]

1. Islam (0.58%)
2. Chinese ancestral religion (4.64%)
3. Christianity (5.3%)
4. Other religions or not religious people[note 1] (89.48%)

The predominant religions in Anhui are Chinese folk religions, Taoist traditions and Chinese Buddhism. According to surveys conducted in 2007 and 2009, 4.64% of the population believes and is involved in ancestor veneration, while 5.30% of the population identifies as Christian.[36] According to a 2010 survey, Muslims constitute 0.58% of the population of Anhui.[37]

The reports didn't give figures for other types of religion; 89.48% of the population may be either irreligious or involved in worship of nature deities, Buddhism, Confucianism, Taoism and folk religious sects.

Avalokitesvara of One Thousand Arms at the Guanyin Nunnery.

Langya Buddhist Temple in Chuzhou, Anhui

The Qingyun Street Mosque in Fuyang, Anhui

Courtyard of a Buddhist temple in Qingyang County, Anhui

Xiyan Temple

## Culture

[edit]

Anhui spans many geographical and cultural regions. The northern, flatter parts of the province, along the Huai River and further north, are most akin to neighboring provinces like Henan, Shandong and northern Jiangsu. In contrast, the southern, hilly parts of the province are more similar in culture and dialect to other southern, hilly provinces, like Zhejiang and Jiangxi.

Mandarin dialects are spoken over the northern and central parts of the province, north of the Yangtze river. Dialects to the north (e.g. Bengbu dialect) are classified as Zhongyuan Mandarin, together with dialects in provinces such as Henan and Shandong; dialects in the central parts (e.g. Hefei dialect) are classified as Jianghuai Mandarin, together with dialects in the central parts of neighboring Jiangsu province. Non-Mandarin dialects are spoken to the south of the Yangzi: dialects of Wu are spoken in Xuancheng prefecture-level city, though these are rapidly being replaced by Jianghuai Mandarin; dialects of Gan are spoken in a few counties in the southwest bordering Jiangxi province;[38] and the Huizhou dialects are spoken in about ten counties in the far south, a small but highly diverse and unique group of Chinese dialects.

Huangmeixi, which originated in the environs of Anqing in southwestern Anhui, is a form of traditional Chinese opera popular across China. Huiju, a form of traditional opera originating in the Huizhou-speaking areas of southern Anhui, is one of the major precursors of Beijing Opera; in the 1950s, Huiju (which had disappeared) was revived. Luju is a type of traditional opera found across central Anhui, from east to west.

Anhui cuisine is one of the eight great traditions of Chinese cuisine. Combining elements of cooking from northern Anhui, south-central Anhui, and the Huizhou-speaking areas of southern Anhui, Anhui cuisine is known for its use of wild game and herbs, both land and sea, and comparatively simple methods of preparation.

Anhui has a high concentration of traditional products related to calligraphy: Xuanzhou (today Xuancheng) and Huizhou (today Huangshan City) are revered for producing Xuan Paper and Hui Ink respectively, which are traditionally considered the best types of paper and ink for Chinese calligraphy. She County is famous for the She Inkstone, one of the most preferred types of inkstones (a required tool in traditional calligraphy).[citation needed]

## Education

[edit]

See also: List of universities and colleges in Anhui

University of Science and Technology of China Main Campus of Hefei University of Technology East Campus of University of Science and Technology of China

Anhui has some good universities. Most universities in Anhui are located in Hefei, Wuhu, Bengbu, Maanshan, some of them are pretty well known. Specifically, Hefei is one of the most important research central cities in China with leading basic scientific research capability.

### Public universities

[edit]

* University of Science & Technology of China, One of China's top University as well as world renowned research and engineering institution.
* Hefei University of Technology, China well-known Engineering School
* Anhui University, China Key University
* Anhui Agricultural University, in Hefei
* Anhui Medical University
* Anhui Normal University, in Wuhu
* Anhui University of Finance and Economics, in Bengbu
* Anhui University of Technology, in Ma'anshan
* Anhui University of Technology and Science, in Wuhu City
* Anhui University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
* Anhui University of Science & Technology, in Huainan
* Anqing Teachers College, in Anqing
* Fuyang Teachers College, in Fuyang
* Hefei Normal University, in Hefei
* Wannan Medical College, in Wuhu City
* Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences in Hefei
* Beihang University (BUAA) - Hefei Campus
* Beijing Foreign Studies University (BFSU) - Hefei Campus
* Tianjin University (TJU) - Hefei Graduate School
* Peking University (PKU) - Hefei Graduate School
* Tsinghua University (THU) - Hefei Institute of Public Safety Research

### Military universities

[edit]

* National University of Defense Technology (NUDT) - Hefei Campus
* PLA Artillery University
* PLA Armoured Force University
* PLA Vehicle University
* PLA Air Force Flight Academy(13th)
* Armed Police Command College(Hefei)

## Tourism

[edit]

Ancient Villages in Southern Anhui – Xidi and Hongcun.

Anhui's principal tourism sites include the following:

* Ancient Villages in Southern Anhui – Xidi[39] and Hongcun (World Heritage Site).
* Bagong Mountain Scenic Spot
* Chao Lake
* Jing Ting Mountain
* Mount Huangshan (World Heritage Site)
* Mount Jiuhua
* Mount Langya
* Mount Qiyun
* Mount Tianzhu
* Old Town of Tunxi
* Taiji Cave, the longest karst cave in East China.
* Zhenfeng Pagoda, a Ming dynasty pagoda in Anqing City.
* Zuiweng Pavilion, named after the poet Ouyang Xiu (1007–1072 AD).

### Development

[edit]

In 2008, France helped the Anhui Provincial Tourism Bureau develop a rural tourism demonstration project.[40]

## Notable people

[edit]

* Xia Jun, economist, telecom researcher and university professor
* Qiu Jianliang, professional kickboxer
* Fang Bian, sanshou fighter and professional kickboxer
* Ouyang Feng, sanshou fighter and professional kickboxer
* Yang Rong, automotive tycoon
* Deng Linlin, artistic gymnast

## See also

[edit]

* Major national historical and cultural sites in Anhui

## Notes

[edit]

1. ^ This may include:
* Buddhists;
* Confucians;
* Deity worshippers;
* Taoists;
* Members of folk religious sects;
* And people not bounded to, nor practicing any, institutional or diffuse religion.
2. ^ The data was collected by the Chinese General Social Survey (CGSS) of 2009 and by the Chinese Spiritual Life Survey (CSLS) of 2007, reported and assembled by Xiuhua Wang (2015)[36] in order to confront the proportion of people identifying with two similar social structures: ① Christian churches, and ② the traditional Chinese religion of the lineage (i. e. people believing and worshipping ancestral deities often organized into lineage "churches" and ancestral shrines). Data for other religions with a significant presence in China (deity cults, Buddhism, Taoism, folk religious sects, Islam, et al.) was not reported by Wang. The number of Muslims is taken from a survey reported in the year 2010.[37]

## References

[edit]

1. ^ "Doing Business in China – Survey". Ministry Of Commerce – People's Republic Of China. Archived from the original on 5 August 2013. Retrieved 5 August 2013.
2. ^ a b "Communiqué of the Seventh National Population Census (No. 3)". National Bureau of Statistics of China. 11 May 2021. Retrieved 11 May 2021.
3. ^ a b "National Data". China NBS. March 2024. Retrieved June 22, 2024.; see also "zh: 2023年安徽省国民经济和社会发展统计公报". anhui.gov.cn. March 20, 2024. Retrieved June 22, 2024.
4. ^ "Human Development Indices (8.0)- China". Global Data Lab. Retrieved 23 September 2024.
5. ^ "Anhui". Lexico UK English Dictionary. Oxford University Press. Archived from the original on May 18, 2021.
6. ^ "Anhui". Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary. Merriam-Webster.
7. ^ (in Chinese) Origin of the Names of China's Provinces Archived 2016-04-27 at the Wayback Machine, People's Daily Online.
8. ^ "4,500-year-old city discovered in China". NDTV.com. Retrieved 2022-10-14.
9. ^ Xu, Youwei; Wang, Y. Yvon (2022). Everyday Lives in China's Cold War Military Industrial Complex: Voices from the Shanghai Small Third Front, 1964-1988. Palgrave MacMillan. pp. xiii–xvi. ISBN 978-3-030-99687-1.
10. ^ Geographical Names: Chu Xian, Anhui, satellite photograph. National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency, Bethesda, MD, USA
11. ^ Grimshaw, J. & Bayton, R. (2009). New Trees - Recent Introductions to Cultivation. RBG Kew, London. ISBN 978-1-84246-173-0
12. ^ "The largest group of Chinese alligators released to the wild". UNDP in China. June 8, 2016. Archived from the original on April 24, 2017. Retrieved April 23, 2017.
13. ^ Jiang, H.; Wu, X. (2018). "Alligator sinensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2018: e.T867A3146005. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-1.RLTS.T867A3146005.en.
14. ^ Perry, Tony (July 4, 2012). "San Diego Zoo gets two Chinese alligators in preservation effort". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on March 19, 2018. Retrieved December 9, 2018.
15. ^ 中华人民共和国县以上行政区划代码 (in Simplified Chinese). Ministry of Civil Affairs. Archived from the original on 2015-04-02. Retrieved 2015-12-11.
16. ^ Shenzhen Bureau of Statistics. 《深圳统计年鉴2014》 (in Simplified Chinese). China Statistics Print.|url=http://www.sztj.gov.cn/nj2014/indexce.htm Archived 2015-05-12 at the Wayback Machine
17. ^ Census Office of the State Council of the People's Republic of China; Population and Employment Statistics Division of the National Bureau of Statistics of the People's Republic of China (2012). 中国2010年人口普查分乡、镇、街道资料 (in Chinese (China)) (1 ed.). Beijing: China Statistics Print. ISBN 978-7-5037-6660-2.
18. ^ Ministry of Civil Affairs (August 2014). 《中国民政统计年鉴2014》 (in Simplified Chinese). China Statistics Print. ISBN 978-7-5037-7130-9.
19. ^ a b c Compiled by 国务院人口普查办公室 [Department of Population Census of the State Council], 国家统计局人口和社会科技统计司编 [Department of Population and Social Science and Statistics, National Bureau of Statistics] (2012). 中国2010年人口普查分县资料. Beijing: China Statistics Print. ISBN 978-7-5037-6659-6.国务院人口普查办公室Category:Articles+containing+Chinese-language+text+[Department+of+Population+Census+of+the+State+Council],+国家统计局人口和社会科技统计司编Category:Articles+containing+Chinese-language+text+[Department+of+Population+and+Social+Science+and+Statistics,+National+Bureau+of+Statistics]&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Anhui" class="Z3988">
20. ^ Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development of the People's Republic of China(MOHURD) (2019). 中国城市建设统计年鉴2018 [China Urban Construction Statistical Yearbook 2018] (in Chinese). Beijing: China Statistic Publishing House. Archived from the original on 2021-08-10. Retrieved 2021-11-29.
21. ^ "Hefei Economic and Technological Development Zone". RightSite.asia. Archived from the original on 2012-07-23. Retrieved 2013-04-10.
22. ^ "Hefei Hi-Tech Industrial Development Zone". RightSite.asia. Archived from the original on 2012-07-23. Retrieved 2013-04-10.
23. ^ "RightSite.asia | Wuhu Economic & Technological Development Zone". Archived from the original on 2010-04-18. Retrieved 2010-04-15.
24. ^ "Wuhu Export Processing Zone". RightSite.asia. Archived from the original on 2012-07-23. Retrieved 2013-04-10.
25. ^ 1912年中国人口. Archived from the original on 24 September 2015. Retrieved 6 March 2014.
26. ^ 1928年中国人口. Archived from the original on 24 September 2015. Retrieved 6 March 2014.
27. ^ 1936–37年中国人口. Archived from the original on 24 September 2015. Retrieved 6 March 2014.
28. ^ 1947年全国人口. Archived from the original on 13 September 2013. Retrieved 6 March 2014.
29. ^ 中华人民共和国国家统计局关于第一次全国人口调查登记结果的公报. National Bureau of Statistics of China. Archived from the original on 2009-08-05.
30. ^ 第二次全国人口普查结果的几项主要统计数字. National Bureau of Statistics of China. Archived from the original on 2012-09-14.
31. ^ 中华人民共和国国家统计局关于一九八二年人口普查主要数字的公报. National Bureau of Statistics of China. Archived from the original on 2012-05-10.
32. ^ 中华人民共和国国家统计局关于一九九〇年人口普查主要数据的公报. National Bureau of Statistics of China. Archived from the original on 2012-06-19.
33. ^ 现将2000年第五次全国人口普查快速汇总的人口地区分布数据公布如下. National Bureau of Statistics of China. Archived from the original on 2012-08-29.
34. ^ "Communiqué of the National Bureau of Statistics of People's Republic of China on Major Figures of the 2010 Population Census". National Bureau of Statistics of China. Archived from the original on 2013-07-27.
35. ^ Zhu, W. X.; Lu, L.; Hesketh, T. (2009). "China's excess males, sex selective abortion, and one child policy: analysis of data from 2005 national intercensus survey". BMJ. 338: b1211. doi:10.1136/bmj.b1211. PMC 2667570. PMID 19359290. Archived from the original on 2012-01-01. Retrieved 2013-04-10.
36. ^ a b c China General Social Survey 2009, Chinese Spiritual Life Survey (CSLS) 2007. Report by: Xiuhua Wang (2015, p. 15) Archived 2015-09-25 at the Wayback Machine
37. ^ a b Min Junqing. The Present Situation and Characteristics of Contemporary Islam in China. JISMOR, 8. 2010 Islam by province, page 29 Archived 2017-04-27 at the Wayback Machine. Data from: Yang Zongde, Study on Current Muslim Population in China, Jinan Muslim, 2, 2010.
38. ^ Damian Harper; Chung Wah Chow; David Eimer; Thomas Huhti; Carolyn B. Heller; Robert Kelly (2009). China (11, illustrated ed.). Lonely Planet. p. 437\. ISBN 978-1-74104-866-7. Archived from the original on 24 April 2016. Retrieved 23 September 2011.
39. ^ xia, hua (November 16, 2023). "Village views in E China's Anhui". Xinhua. Retrieved 8 April 2024.
40. ^ "Anhui Cooperates With France To Build Rural Tourism Area". Archived from the original on September 8, 2008.

## External links

[edit]

Wikivoyage has a travel guide for Anhui.

Wikimedia Commons has media related to 安徽.

* Anhui Government website Archived 2015-10-07 at the Wayback Machine
* Anhui Provincial Tourism Administration Official Site
* Economic profile for Anhui Province at HKTDC
* Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Ngan-hui" . Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.

Places adjacent to Anhui

| Henan | Shandong | Jiangsu

|
|

|  |

Anhui

|  |
Hubei | Jiangxi | Zhejiang

* v
* t
* e

Anhui articles

Capital: Hefei

Overviews|

* History
* Politics
* Economy

Geography|

* Cities
* North China Plain
* Huai River
* Dabie Mountains
* Lake Chaohu
* Yangtze Plain
* Yangtze River
* Jiangnan
* Huangshan Mountains
* Qiantang River

Attractions|

* Mount Huangshan
* Mount Jiuhua
* Mount Jingting
* Mount Qiyun
* Mount Tianzhu
* Zuiweng Pavilion
* Taiji Cave
* Zhenfeng Pagoda

Culture|

* Huangmeixi opera
* tea
* Keemun
* Huangshan Maofeng tea
* Lu'an Melon Seed tea
* Taiping houkui
* Cuisine
* Li Hongzhang hodge-podge soup

Dialects|

* Central Plains Mandarin
* Lower Yangtze Mandarin
* Taihu Wu dialects
* Xuanzhou Wu dialects
* Huizhou Chinese
* Gan Chinese

Education|

* University of Science and Technology of China
* Anhui University
* Anhui Agricultural University
* Anhui Normal University

* Category

* v
* t
* e

County-level divisions of Anhui Province

Hefei (capital)

Prefecture-level
cities|

| Hefei|

* Luyang District
* Yaohai District
* Shushan District
* Baohe District
* Chaohu city
* Changfeng County
* Feidong County
* Feixi County
* Lujiang County

|

Wuhu|

* Fanchang District
* Jinghu District
* Jiujiang District
* Yijiang District
* Wanzhi District
* Wuwei city
* Nanling County

Bengbu|

* Bengshan District
* Longzihu District
* Yuhui District
* Huaishang District
* Huaiyuan County
* Wuhe County
* Guzhen County

Huainan|

* Tianjia'an District
* Datong District
* Xiejiaji District
* Bagongshan District
* Panji District
* Fengtai County
* Shou County

Ma'anshan|

* Yushan District
* Huashan District
* Bowang District
* Dangtu County
* Hanshan County
* He County

Huaibei|

* Xiangshan District
* Duji District
* Lieshan District
* Suixi County

Tongling|

* Tongguan District
* Jiao District
* Yi'an District
* Zongyang County

Anqing|

* Yingjiang District
* Daguan District
* Yixiu District
* Qianshan city
* Tongcheng city
* Huaining County
* Taihu County
* Susong County
* Wangjiang County
* Yuexi County

Huangshan|

* Tunxi District
* Huangshan District
* Huizhou District
* She County
* Xiuning County
* Yi County
* Qimen County

Chuzhou|

* Langya District
* Nanqiao District
* Mingguang city
* Tianchang city
* Lai'an County
* Quanjiao County
* Dingyuan County
* Fengyang County

Fuyang|

* Yingzhou District
* Yingdong District
* Yingquan District
* Jieshou city
* Linquan County
* Taihe County
* Funan County
* Yingshang County

Suzhou|

* Yongqiao District
* Dangshan County
* Xiao County
* Lingbi County
* Si County

Lu'an|

* Jin'an District
* Yu'an District
* Yeji District
* Huoqiu County
* Shucheng County
* Jinzhai County
* Huoshan County

Bozhou|

* Qiaocheng District
* Guoyang County
* Mengcheng County
* Lixin County

Chizhou|

* Guichi District
* Dongzhi County
* Shitai County
* Qingyang County

Xuancheng|

* Xuanzhou District
* Ningguo city
* Langxi County
* Guangde city
* Jing County
* Jingde County
* Jixi County

* v
* t
* e

Provincial-level divisions of China

Provinces|

* Anhui
* Fujian
* Gansu
* Guangdong
* Guizhou
* Hainan
* Hebei
* Heilongjiang
* Henan
* Hubei
* Hunan
* Jiangsu
* Jiangxi
* Jilin
* Liaoning
* Qinghai
* Shaanxi
* Shandong
* Shanxi
* Sichuan
* Yunnan
* Zhejiang

Autonomous regions|

* Guangxi
* Inner Mongolia
* Ningxia
* Tibet
* Xinjiang

Direct-administered municipalities|

* Beijing
* Chongqing
* Shanghai
* Tianjin

Special administrative regions|

* Hong Kong
* Macau

Disputed province|

* Taiwan1

1 Taiwan is claimed by the People's Republic of China but administered by the Republic of China (see political status of Taiwan).

Authority control databases

International|

* VIAF

National|

* Germany
* United States
* France
* BnF data
* Japan
* Australia
* Czech Republic
* Spain
* Israel

Geographic|

* MusicBrainz area

Other|

* Yale LUX

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