Anne Neville

English queen

For other people named Anne Neville, see Anne Neville (disambiguation).

Anne Neville

Drawing from the Rous Roll, c. 1483

Queen consort of England
Tenure| 26 June 1483 – 16 March 1485
Coronation| 6 July 1483

Born| 11 June 1456
Warwick Castle, Warwickshire, England
Died| 16 March 1485(1485-03-16) (aged 28)
Westminster, London, England
Burial| 25 March 1485

Westminster Abbey, London, England

Spouse|

Edward of Westminster, Prince of Wales

(m. 1470; died 1471)​

Richard III, King of England

(m. 1472)​

Issue| Edward of Middleham, Prince of Wales
House| Neville
Father| Richard Neville, 16th Earl of Warwick
Mother| Anne Beauchamp, 16th Countess of Warwick

Anne Neville (11 June 1456 – 16 March 1485) was Queen of England as the wife of King Richard III. She was the younger of the two daughters and co-heiresses of Richard Neville, 16th Earl of Warwick (the "Kingmaker"). Before her marriage to Richard, she had been Princess of Wales as the wife of Edward of Westminster, Prince of Wales, the only son and heir apparent of King Henry VI.

As a member of the powerful House of Neville, Anne played a critical part in the Wars of the Roses fought between the House of York and House of Lancaster for the English crown. Her father betrothed her as a girl to Prince Edward, the son of King Henry VI.[1] The marriage was to seal an alliance to the House of Lancaster and halt the civil war between the two houses of Lancaster and York.[1]

After the death of Prince Edward, Anne married Richard, Duke of Gloucester, younger brother of King Edward IV and of George, Duke of Clarence, the husband of Anne's elder sister Isabel. Richard was also Anne's cousin once removed; her great-aunt, Cecily Neville, was Richard's mother. Anne became queen when Richard ascended the throne in June 1483, following the declaration that Edward IV's children by Elizabeth Woodville were illegitimate. Anne predeceased her husband by five months, dying in March 1485. Her only child, Edward of Middleham, predeceased her.

## Early life[edit]

Middleham Castle came into the possession of the Neville family in 1270.

Anne Neville was born at Warwick Castle, the younger daughter of Richard Neville, 16th Earl of Warwick, and Anne de Beauchamp. Her father was one of the most powerful noblemen in England and the most important supporter of the House of York. Her grandfather's sister, Cecily Neville, was the wife of Richard, Duke of York, who claimed the crown for the House of York.

Much of Anne Neville's childhood was spent at Middleham Castle, one of her father's properties, where she and her elder sister, Isabel, met two younger sons of the Duke of York: Richard, Duke of Gloucester (the future Richard III) and George, Duke of Clarence. Richard especially attended his knighthood training at Middleham since mid-1461 until at least the spring of 1465,[2] or possibly since 1465 until late 1468.[3] It is possible that even at this early stage, a match between the Earl's daughters and the young dukes was being considered.[4] The Duke of York was killed on 30 December 1460 but, with Warwick's help, his eldest son became King Edward IV in March 1461. In July 1469, Lady Isabel married Clarence, while in July 1470, after the Earl of Warwick's flight to France and change of allegiance, Anne Neville was betrothed to Edward of Westminster, the Lancastrian heir to the throne of England, and married to him by the end of the same year.[1]

## Princess of Wales[edit]

The Earl of Warwick had been at odds with Edward IV for some time, resenting the rise in the king's favour of the new queen's family, the Woodvilles. In 1469, the earl tried to put his son-in-law George on the throne, but met resistance from Parliament. After a second rebellion against King Edward failed in early 1470, he was forced to flee to France, where he allied himself with the ousted House of Lancaster in 1470. With King Henry VI imprisoned in the Tower of London, the de facto Lancastrian leader was his consort, Margaret of Anjou, who was suspicious of Warwick's motives. To quell these suspicions, Anne Neville was formally betrothed to the son of Henry VI and Margaret of Anjou, Edward of Westminster, at the Château d'Amboise in France. They were married in Angers Cathedral, probably on 13 December 1470, to make Anne Neville the Princess of Wales.

Drawing of Anne and her two husbands from the Beauchamp Pageant, c. 1483-1494

Warwick restored Henry VI to the throne in October 1470; Edward IV however returned to the country in March 1471 and quickly captured London and the person of Henry VI. The mentally troubled Henry VI was taken by Edward IV as a prisoner to the Battle of Barnet, where Warwick was killed on 14 April 1471. Edward IV then incarcerated Henry VI in the Tower of London. Following the decisive Yorkist victory at the Battle of Tewkesbury on 4 May, Henry was reported to have died of "pure displeasure and melancholy," although "The Great Chronicle of London" reported that Richard, Duke of Gloucester, was responsible for his death. As Constable of England, he probably delivered King Edward's order to kill Henry to the Constable of the Tower.[2]

Margaret of Anjou had returned to England with Anne Neville and Prince Edward in April, bringing additional troops. At the Battle of Tewkesbury, Edward IV crushed this last Lancastrian army. Prince Edward was killed in or shortly after the battle, and Anne Neville was taken prisoner. She was taken first to Coventry and then to the house of her brother-in-law the Duke of Clarence in London, while her mother Anne Beauchamp, Warwick's wife, sought sanctuary in Beaulieu Abbey. When the crisis settled down and the Countess wished to be restored to her estates, Edward IV refused her safe conduct to plead her case; she wrote to Queen Elizabeth and several others to no avail.[5]

Anne, now widowed, became the subject of some dispute between George of Clarence and his brother Richard of Gloucester, who still wanted to marry her. Anne Neville and her sister, the Duchess of Clarence, were heiresses to their parents' vast estates. Clarence, anxious to secure the entire inheritance, treated her as his ward and opposed her getting married, which would strengthen her position to claim a share.

There are various accounts of what happened subsequently, including the story that Clarence hid her in a London cookshop, disguised as a servant, so that his brother would not know where she was. Gloucester is said to have tracked her down and escorted her to sanctuary at the Church of St Martin's le Grand.[6] In order to win the final consent of his brother George to the marriage, Richard of Gloucester renounced most of Warwick's land and property, including the earldoms of Warwick (which the earl had held in his wife's right) and Salisbury and surrendered to Clarence the office of Great Chamberlain of England.[2]

## Duchess of Gloucester[edit]

The exact date of the wedding of Anne Neville and Richard, Duke of Gloucester, is not known, although most sources agree that a ceremony took place sometime in the late spring/early summer of 1472 in St Stephen's Chapel in the Palace of Westminster, after a dispensation to marry was issued from Rome on 22 April 1472.[7] This dispensed the impediment of affinity created when Anne married Edward of Lancaster, who was Richard's blood cousin.[8] The couple made their marital home in the familiar surroundings of Middleham Castle, Yorkshire, after Richard was appointed Governor of the North on the king's behalf. Upon her marriage, Anne was styled Duchess of Gloucester. They had only one child, Edward, born at Middleham allegedly sometime in 1473, but more probably in 1476.[9] Anne's mother, the dowager Countess of Warwick, joined her daughter's household in 1473 after Richard obtained the king's permission to release his mother-in-law from her guarded sanctuary.[2]

In 1478, Anne Neville inherited the Lordship of Glamorgan. The title had been held by her father and on his death had passed to Anne's elder sister Isabel Neville. Females could not exercise the Lordship in their own right, so the title immediately transferred to Isabel's husband, George Plantagenet, 1st Duke of Clarence. On his death in February 1478, the title passed to Anne and was henceforth exercised by her husband, Richard of Gloucester until his death, when it passed to the new king, Henry VII.[10]

## Queen of England[edit]

Drawing of Richard and Anne as King and Queen from the Salisbury Roll, c. 1483–1485.

On 9 April 1483, Edward IV died and Anne's husband Richard was named Lord Protector for his 12-year-old nephew Edward V. But on 25 June 1483, Edward V and his siblings were declared illegitimate and Richard ascended the throne as King Richard III. Anne Neville was crowned alongside her husband on 6 July 1483 by Thomas Bourchier, Archbishop of Canterbury, the first joint coronation in England in 175 years. The queen's train was borne by Margaret, Countess of Richmond, whose son would become Henry VII after defeating Richard at the Battle of Bosworth. Almost the entire peerage of England was present at what was a magnificent spectacle.[11][12] Richard and Anne's son Edward of Middleham was created Prince of Wales in York Minster on 8 September 1483 following their Royal Progress across England.[13]

Anne was on good terms with her mother-in-law Cecily Neville, Duchess of York, with whom she discussed religious works, such as the writings of Mechtilde of Hackeborn.[14]

Edward of Middleham died suddenly in April 1484 at Middleham Castle, while his parents were in Nottingham on their way to visit him. Both Richard and Anne were overwhelmed with grief at this news.[15] Anne was particularly heartbroken, and she fell gravely ill only a few months later.

After the death of her son, Anne Neville effectively adopted her nephew Edward, Earl of Warwick.[16] After Anne Neville died, Richard may have named another nephew, John de la Pole, Earl of Lincoln, as his heir presumptive.[17]

## Death[edit]

Anne Neville died on 16 March 1485, probably of tuberculosis, at Westminster.[18] The day she died, there was an eclipse,[19] which some took to be an omen of her husband's fall from heavenly grace. She was buried in Westminster Abbey in an unmarked grave to the right of the High Altar, next to the door to the Confessor's Chapel.[20] Richard III is said to have wept at her funeral. Nevertheless, rumours circulated that Richard III had poisoned her in order to marry his niece Elizabeth of York.[21]

Richard sent Elizabeth away from court to Sheriff Hutton and publicly rebutted these rumours on 30 March 1485 during an assembly of Lords he had summoned at the Hospital of St. John. Addressing them "in a loud and distinct voice", he "showed his grief and displeasure aforesaid and said it never came into his thought or mind to marry in such manner wise, nor willing nor glad of the death of his queen but as sorry and in heart as heavy as man might be …".[22] There is no reason to doubt that Richard's grief over his wife's death was genuine.[23] Documents later found in the Portuguese royal archives show that after Anne's death, Richard's ambassadors were sent on a formal errand to negotiate a double marriage between Richard and the Portuguese king's sister Joanna (who was of Lancastrian descent), and Elizabeth of York and Joanna's cousin Duke Manuel (the future Manuel I).[24]

There was no memorial to Queen Anne until 1960, when a bronze tablet was erected on a wall near her grave by the Richard III Society.

Coat of arms of Anne Neville  |

Notes
As Queen, Anne Neville bore the arms of her husband, King Richard III, impaled with the Neville arms without difference. Anne Neville sometimes bore her father, Lord Warwick's, full achievement, however at other times she also bore the arms of Neville without difference by a label for Lancaster (larger coat of arms).
Adopted
1483
Escutcheon
Quarterly, 1st and 4th, France moderne, 2nd and 3rd England; impaled with Gules, a saltire Argent.
Symbolism
The other version of Anne Neville's arms as queen bore that of her husband, King Richard, Quarterly, 1st and 4th, France moderne, 2nd and 3rd England, impaled with the full achievement of Anne Neville's father; of seven, 1st, Gules, a fess between six crosses crosslet Or (Beauchamp), 2nd, Chequy Or and Azure, a chevron ermine (Newburgh), 3rd, Argent, three lozenges conjoined in fess Gules (Montacute), 4th, Or, an eagle displayed Vert (Monthermer), 5th, Gules a saltire Argent, a label of three points gobony Argent and Azure (Neville), 6th, Or, three chevrons Gules (Clare), 7th, Quarterly, Argent and Gules, a fret Or, overall a bendlett Sable (Despencer).[25]

The coat of arms of Richard Neville, 16th Earl of Warwick used almost all typical forms of heraldry in England: the first quarter consisted of his father-in-law, Richard de Beauchamp, who bore with an escutcheon of De Clare quartering Despenser, which was shown in Neville's fourth quarter. The second quarter showed the arms of the Montacutes (Montagu). The third quarter showed the arms of Neville differenced by a label for Lancaster.[26]

|

## Cultural depictions[edit]

### Theatre and film[edit]

Richard, Duke of Gloucester and the Lady Anne by Edwin Austin Abbey.

Anne Neville appears in three scenes in William Shakespeare's Richard III. In Act I, Scene 2, Richard III persuades her to marry him. In Act IV, Scene 1, just before Richard III's coronation, Anne Neville meets Edward IV's widow and laments her own position. In Act V, Scene 3, Anne Neville is one of the ghosts that appear to Richard III.

The role has been played in film by

* Claire Bloom in Richard III (1955)
* Zoe Wanamaker in the BBC television adaptation (1983)
* Kristin Scott Thomas in Richard III (1995)
* Winona Ryder in Looking for Richard (1996)
* Faye Marsay in The White Queen (2013)
* Phoebe Fox in The Hollow Crown: The Wars of the Roses (2016)

Anne Neville is also a character in Tower of London (1939) (played by Rose Hobart), and Tower of London (1962) (played by Joan Camden).

In German productions of musical Tanz Der Vampire (Dance of the Vampires) at the ball of Count von Krolock there are several historical figures among vampires, including Anne Neville and her husband King Richard III.

### Novels[edit]

Anne Neville is a major character in several historical novels.

She is the title character in:

* Gladys Malvern, The Queen's Lady (1963), historical fiction for teen readers[27]
* Jan Westcott, Set Her on a Throne (1972)
* Frances Irwin, The White Pawn (1972)
* Frances Irwin, The White Queen (1974), sequel to The White Pawn
* Evelyn Hood, The Kingmaker’s Daughter (1974)
* Hilda Brookman Stainer, The Kingmaker’s Daughter (1978)
* Lesley J. Nickell, The White Queen (1978), reprinted in 2014 as "The White Queen of Middleham"
* Maureen Peters, Beggar Maid, Queen (1980)
* Philippa Wiat, The Kingmaker's Daughter (1989)
* Jean Plaidy, The Reluctant Queen: The Story of Anne of York (1990)
* Eleanor Mennim, Anne Neville, Queen of England (1999), a fictional biography
* Anne O'Brien, The Virgin Widow (2010)
* Philippa Gregory, The Kingmaker's Daughter (2012)
* Julie May Ruddock, A Daughter of Warwick (2012)
* Paula Simonds Zabka, Anne of Warwick The Last Plantagenet Queen (2012)
* Liz Orwin, The Maid's Tale: Anne (2016)

Anne Neville is one of the main characters in:

* Olive Eckerson, The Golden Yoke (Coward-McCann, 1961)
* Margaret Davidson, My Lords Richard (1979)
* Rhoda Edwards, Fortune's Wheel (1978) and The Broken Sword (also titled "Some Touch of Pity", 1977)
* Anne Powers, The Four Queens (1977) (also known as The Royal Consorts (1978) or Queen's Ransom (1986))
* Sharon Kay Penman, The Sunne in Splendour (1982)
* Paula Simonds Zabka, Desire the Kingdom (2002)
* Sandra Worth's The Rose of York trilogy - Love and War (2003), Crown of Destiny (2006), and Fall From Grace (2007)
* Sylvia Charlewwod, King Richard III & Anne Neville: their love story (2015)
* J.P. Reedman, I, Richard Plantagenet (2016)

### Non-fiction[edit]

* Michael Hicks, Anne Neville: Queen to Richard III (2006)
* Amy Licence, Anne Neville: Richard III's Tragic Queen (2013)
* J. L. Laynesmith, The Last Medieval Queens: English Queenship 1445–1503 (2004)

## References[edit]

1. ^ a b c John A. Wagner. Encyclopedia of the Wars of the Roses, ABC-CLIO, 1 Jan 2001. pg 171.
2. ^ a b c d Kendall P.M., Richard III, 1955. Reprinted: Kendall, Paul Murray (2002). Richard the Third. W. W. Norton. p. 608\. ISBN 978-0-393-00785-5.
3. ^ Baldwin, David (2012). Richard III. Amberley Publishing. p. 288\. ISBN 978-1445601823.
4. ^ Licence 2013, p. 63. Young aristocrats were often sent away to be raised in households of their intended future partners
5. ^ Hilton, Lisa (2008). Queens Consort, England's Medieval Queens. Great Britain: Weidenfeld & Nichelson. p. 444\. ISBN 978-0-7538-2611-9.
6. ^ Croyland Chronicle (pp. 469-70) Clarence "caused the damsel (Anne) to be concealed in order that it might not be known by his Brother where she was; as he was afraid of a division of the Earl's property, which he wished to come to himself alone in right of his wife, and not be obliged to share it with any other person." Richard however, "discovered the Young lady in the city of London disguised in the habit of a cookmaid; upon which he had her removed to the sanctuary of St. Martin's", as reported in Paul Murray Kendall, Richard III, 1955.
7. ^ Hicks, Michael (2011). Anne Neville: Queen to Richard III. The History Press. p. 143-144. "The ceremony has often been located in the spring of 1472 although, actually, canon law forbade marriage during Lent. Since actually Edward's birth was probably some years later, such speculation is unfounded. That the Warwick inheritance dispute still raged in November 1473 does not mean, as Peter Hammond wrongly supposed, that Anne and Richard were still unmarried then and that the marriage took place in 1474. Where was Anne in the interim? Did she remain in sanctuary throughout, which Crowland's chronology did not exclude? Did she cohabit with the duke or reside under his protection, scarcely less morally dubious? Sheer convenience points to marriage as soon after the March council as possible. Allowing for the dispensation of 22 April 1472 and its transmission from Rome, it is likely that, as Clarke has deduced, the wedding took place in the late spring or early summer of 1472."
8. ^ Barnfield, Marie (2007). "Diriment Impediments, Dispensations and Divorce: Richard III and Matrimony". The Ricardian. XVII.
9. ^ Blunt, John Henry (1875). Tewkesbury Abbey and its associations. London: Simpkin, Marshall, and Co.
10. ^ Chrimes, Stanley Bertram (1999). Henry VII. Yale University Press. p. 248\. ISBN 978-0-300-07883-1.
11. ^ "Westminster Abbey » Richard III". Westminster-abbey.org. Retrieved 8 October 2016.
12. ^ Sutton, Anne F.; Hammond, P. W. (1983). The Coronation of Richard III: The Extant Documents. Alan Sutton. p. 500\. ISBN 978-0-904387-85-8.
13. ^ York City Records
14. ^ Hilton, Lisa (2008). Queens Consort: England's Medieval Queens. Weidenfeld & Nicolson. p. 456. ISBN 9780297852612.
15. ^ Lewis, Matthew (15 August 2015). The Wars of the Roses: The Key Players in the Struggle for Supremacy. Amberley Publishing Limited. pp. 64–. ISBN 978-1-4456-4636-7. "On hearing the news of this, at Nottingham, where they were then residing, you might have seen his father and mother in a state almost bordering on madness, by reason of their sudden grief"
16. ^ "Edward PLANTAGENET (1º E. Warwick)". www.tudorplace.com.ar. Retrieved 22 May 2020.
17. ^ Michael Hicks (6 June 2014). The Wars of the Roses: 1455–1485. Bloomsbury Publishing. pp. 62–. ISBN 978-1-4728-1018-2.
18. ^ Licence 2013, p. 176.
19. ^ "Catalog of Solar Eclipses: 1401 to 1500". Eclipse.gsfc.nasa.gov. Retrieved 8 October 2016.
20. ^ "Westminster Abbey » Anne Neville, wife of Richard III". Westminster-abbey.org. Archived from the original on 18 September 2016. Retrieved 8 October 2016.
21. ^ Hicks 2006, p.196.
22. ^ Watney, Frank D.; Lyell, Laetitia (2 February 2012). Acts of Court of the Mercers' Company 1453–1527. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-1-107-68164-4. Entry for 31 March 1485
23. ^ Hicks, 2011
24. ^ Ashdown-Hill, John (10 December 2012). The Last Days of Richard III and the Fate of His DNA. History Press Limited. ISBN 978-0-7524-9205-6.
25. ^ Pinches, John Harvey; Pinches, Rosemary (1974), The Royal Heraldry of England, Heraldry Today, Slough, Buckinghamshire: Hollen Street Press, ISBN 0-900455-25-X
26. ^ Turnbull, Stephen R. (1985). The Book of the Medieval Knight. Arms and Armour Press. ISBN 978-0-85368-715-3.
27. ^ Mercy Pilkington (8 December 2012). "Beebliome Develops Interactive History Novelizations for YA Readers". goodereader.com.

## Further reading[edit]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Anne Neville.

* Henry Gardiner Adams, ed. (1857). "Anne of Warwick". A Cyclopaedia of Female Biography: 53. Wikidata Q115751598.
* Hicks, Michael (26 August 2011). Anne Neville: Queen to Richard III. History Press. ISBN 978-0-7524-6887-7.
* Licence, Amy (15 April 2013). Anne Neville: Richard III's Tragic Queen. Amberley Publishing Limited. ISBN 978-1-4456-1177-8.

English royalty

Vacant

Title last held by

Elizabeth Woodville |  Queen consort of England
Lady of Ireland
26 June 1483 – 16 March 1485  | Vacant

Title next held by

Elizabeth of York
Vacant

Title last held by

Joan of Kent |  Princess of Wales
13 December 1470 – 4 May 1471  | Vacant

Title next held by

Catherine of Aragon

* v
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* e

Princesses of Wales and Duchesses of Cornwall

* Joan, Countess of Kent (1361–1376)
* Lady Cecily Neville (1460; disputed)
* Lady Anne Neville (1470–1471)
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* Though legally Princess of Wales, she did not use the title

* v
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Duchesses of Gloucester

* Eleanor de Bohun (1376–1397)
* Jacqueline, Countess of Hainaut (1422–1428) (annulled), Eleanor Cobham (1431–1441) (annulled)
* Anne Neville (1472–1483)
* Duchesses of Gloucester and Edinburgh (1764–1834)
* Alice Montagu Douglas Scott (1935–1974)
* Birgitte van Deurs Henriksen (1974–present)

* v
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English royal consorts

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* Æthelflæd of Damerham
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Spouses of debatable or disputed rulers are in italics

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House of Plantagenet

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Edward II of England

* Wife: Isabella of France

* Edward III of England
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* Eleanor of Woodstock
* Joan of the Tower

* Illegitimate: Adam FitzRoy

Edward III of England

* Wife: Philippa of Hainault

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* Illegitimate: John de Southeray
* Jane Northland
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Richard II of England

* Wives: Anne of Bohemia
* Isabella of Valois

Henry IV of England

* Wives: Mary de Bohun
* Joan of Navarre, Queen of England

* Henry V of England
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* Blanche of England
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* Illegitimate: Edmund Leboorde

Henry V of England

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Henry VI of England

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Edward IV of England

* Wife: Elizabeth Woodville

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* Illegitimate: Elizabeth Plantagenet
* Arthur Plantagenet, 1st Viscount Lisle
* Grace Plantagenet

Edward V of England

* no consort or issue

Richard III of England

* Wife: Anne Neville

* Edward of Middleham, Prince of Wales

* Illegitimate: John of Gloucester
* Katherine, Countess of Pembroke
* Richard of Eastwell

* Category

* v
* t
* e

Wars of the Roses

* Red Rose of Lancaster
* White Rose of York
* Tudor Rose
* Family tree

Key figures|

| Monarchs|

* Henry VI
* Edward IV
* Edward V
* Richard III
* Henry VII

|

Lancaster

Tudor

* Margaret of Anjou, Queen of England
* Edward of Westminster, Prince of Wales
* Edmund Beaufort, 2nd Duke of Somerset
* Henry Beaufort, 3rd Duke of Somerset
* Edmund Beaufort, 4th Duke of Somerset
* Henry Percy, 2nd Earl of Northumberland
* Henry Percy, 3rd Earl of Northumberland
* Humphrey Stafford, 1st Duke of Buckingham
* John Talbot, 2nd Earl of Shrewsbury
* Henry Holland, 3rd Duke of Exeter
* James Butler, 5th Earl of Ormond
* John Courtenay, 15th Earl of Devon
* John Butler, 6th Earl of Ormond
* John Beaumont, 1st Viscount Beaumont
* Richard Neville, 16th Earl of Warwick3
* James Tuchet, 5th Baron Audley
* John Clifford, 9th Baron Clifford
* Thomas Ros, 9th Baron Ros
* John Neville, Baron Neville2
* John Neville, 1st Marquess of Montagu3
* Thomas Neville, Bastard of Fauconberg3
* Andrew Trollope
* Owen Tudor
* Edmund Tudor, 1st Earl of Richmond
* John de Vere, 13th Earl of Oxford5
* Jasper Tudor, Earl of Pembroke5
* Elizabeth Woodville, Queen of England4
* Lady Margaret Beaufort
* Henry Stafford, 2nd Duke of Buckingham4
* George Talbot, 4th Earl of Shrewsbury
* Thomas Stanley, 1st Earl of Derby
* George Stanley, 9th Baron Strange
* William Stanley
* Edward Woodville, Lord Scales

York

* Anne Neville, Queen of England
* Richard Plantagenet, 3rd Duke of York
* Edmund Plantagenet, Earl of Rutland
* George Plantagenet, Duke of Clarence1
* Richard Neville, 5th Earl of Salisbury
* William Neville, Earl of Kent
* Thomas Neville
* John Mowbray, 3rd Duke of Norfolk
* John Howard, 1st Duke of Norfolk
* John de la Pole, Earl of Lincoln
* Francis Lovell, 1st Viscount Lovell
* William Herbert, 1st Earl of Pembroke
* Humphrey Stafford, 1st Earl of Devon
* Thomas FitzGerald, 7th Earl of Desmond
* William Hastings, 1st Baron Hastings
* William Stanley
* Margaret, Duchess of Burgundy

Battles|

* St Albans (First)
* Blore Heath
* Ludford Bridge
* Sandwich
* Siege of the Tower of London
* Northampton
* Worksop
* Wakefield
* Mortimer's Cross
* St Albans (Second)
* Ferrybridge
* Towton
* Hedgeley Moor
* Hexham
* Edgecote
* Losecoat Field
* Barnet
* Tewkesbury
* Siege of London
* Bosworth Field
* Stoke Field

See also|

* Act of Accord
* Buckingham's rebellion
* Issue of Edward III of England
* Loveday, 1458
* Bonville–Courtenay feud
* Percy–Neville feud
* Readeption of Henry VI
* Stafford and Lovell rebellion
* Perkin Warbeck
* Battle of Deal
* Second Cornish uprising of 1497

1 Briefly joined the Lancastrians. 2 Briefly joined the Yorkists. 3 Defected from the Yorkist to the Lancastrian cause. 4 Initially a Yorkist who later supported the Tudor claim. 5 Initially a Lancastrian who later supported the Tudor claim.

* Category

Authority control

International|

* FAST
* ISNI
* VIAF
* WorldCat Identities

National|

* Norway
* Germany
* Israel
* United States
* Czech Republic
* Greece
* Netherlands
* Poland

People|

* Germany

Other|

* IdRef

*[c.]: circa
*[m.]: married
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