Anne of Bohemia and Hungary

16th century Queen of Germany

For other people called Anna of Bohemia, see Anna of Bohemia (disambiguation). For other people called Anna of Hungary, see Anna of Hungary (disambiguation). For other people called Anna Jagiellon, see Anna Jagiellon (disambiguation).

Anne of Bohemia and Hungary

Portrait by Hans Maler, c. 1519

Queen of the Romans
Tenure| 5 January 1531 – 27 January 1547
Queen consort of Hungary, Bohemia and Croatia
Tenure| 1526 – 27 January 1547
Archduchess consort of Austria
Tenure| 25 May 1521 – 27 January 1547

Born| (1503-07-23)23 July 1503
Buda, Kingdom of Hungary
Died| 27 January 1547(1547-01-27) (aged 43)
Prague, Kingdom of Bohemia, Holy Roman Empire
Burial|

St. Vitus Cathedral

Spouse|

Ferdinand I of Germany
(later Holy Roman Emperor)

(m. 1521)​

Issue|

* Elisabeth, Queen of Poland
* Maximilian II, Holy Roman Emperor
* Anna, Duchess of Bavaria
* Ferdinand II, Archduke of Further Austria
* Maria, Duchess of Jülich-Cleves-Berg
* Archduchess Magdalena
* Catherine, Queen of Poland
* Eleanor, Duchess of Mantua
* Archduchess Margaret
* Archduke John
* Barbara, Duchess of Ferrara
* Charles II, Archduke of Inner Austria
* Archduchess Ursula
* Archduchess Helena
* Joanna, Grand Duchess of Tuscany

House| Jagiellon
Father| Vladislaus II of Hungary
Mother| Anne of Foix-Candale

Anna of Bohemia and Hungary (23 July 1503 – 27 January 1547),[1] sometimes known as Anna Jagellonica, was Queen of Germany, Bohemia, and Hungary and Archduchess of Austria as the wife of King Ferdinand I (later Holy Roman Emperor).

## Early life

[edit]

Anne as a girl (ca. 1511/1515) detail from painting by Bernhard Strigel

She was the oldest child and only daughter of King Vladislaus II of Bohemia and Hungary (1456–1516) and his third wife Anne of Foix-Candale.[2] King Louis II of Hungary and Bohemia was her younger brother. Her paternal grandparents were King Casimir IV Jagiellon (of the Jagiellon dynasty) and Elisabeth of Austria, one of the heiresses of the Kingdom of Bohemia, the Duchy of Luxembourg and the Duchy of Kuyavia. Her maternal grandparents were Gaston de Foix, Count of Candale, and Catherine de Foix, an Infanta of the Kingdom of Navarre.[1]

Anne was born in Buda (now Budapest). The death of Vladislaus II on 13 March 1516 left both siblings in the care of the Holy Roman Emperor Maximilan I. It was arranged for Anna to marry his grandson, Archduke Ferdinand of Austria, second son of Queen Regnant Joanna of Castile and her late husband and co-ruler, Philip I of Castile. Anna and Mary moved first to Vienna, and then to Innsbruck. Maximilian rarely visited, but he sent his hunter home to instruct the two girls in the art of hunting. There was emphasis on their abilities to handle weapons and other physical skills. The Humanist education they enjoyed focused on problem-solving skills. They were also instructed in dancing, music, and came in contact with many humanists visited the imperial library there. Innsbruck was also home to a great weapon arsenal and a growing armament industry built by the emperor.[3]

## Marriage

[edit]

Anna married Ferdinand on 26 May 1521 in Linz, Austria.[2] At the time, Ferdinand was governing the Habsburg hereditary lands on behalf of his older brother Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor. It was stipulated that Ferdinand should succeed Anne's brother Louis in case he died without legitimate male heirs.

It would, however, take more than five years before Anna became pregnant. Anna herself would ascribe her pregnancy to the grace of God. She gave birth to their first child, Elisabeth, in 1526.

## Queen of Bohemia and Hungary

[edit]

Queen Anne's Summer Palace in Prague Habsburg lands in 1544. Anne's husband Ferdinand ruled the Austrian hereditary lands of the Habsburgs in the name of his elder brother, Charles I of Spain.

Louis died without a legitimate male heir after he was thrown from his horse at the conclusion of the Battle of Mohács against Suleiman the Magnificent of the Ottoman Empire on 29 August 1526. This left the thrones of both Bohemia and Hungary vacant. Ferdinand claimed both kingdoms and was elected king of Bohemia on 24 October of the same year with Anne as his queen.

Hungary was a more difficult case, as Suleiman had annexed much of its lands. Ferdinand was proclaimed king of Hungary by a group of nobles, but another faction of Hungarian nobles refused to allow a foreign ruler to hold that title and elected John Zápolya as an alternative king. The resulting conflict between the two rivals and their successors lasted until 1570 when John's son John Sigismund gave up the title king of Hungary in favor of Ferdinand's son Maximilian as part of the terms of the Treaty of Speyer. In 1531, Ferdinand's older brother Charles V decided Ferdinand would be his successor as Holy Roman Emperor, and Ferdinand was elected to the title King of the Romans.

Anne was entrusted by her husband with many responsibilities. During his stay in Brussels, she was appointed as Regent (Statthalterin). Together with the Bishop of Trieste, she was the Chair of his Hofrat (Court Council). In her husband's name, she presided over many Diets. She became famous for her charity and wisdom.[4]

Ferdinand at first seemed to suffer from a lack of premarital experience, but in the end the marriage proved extremely successful both personally and politically.[5] Anna and Ferdinand had fifteen children, all of whom were born in Bohemia or Austria. The kingdoms of both Bohemia and Hungary had suffered for centuries from premature deaths among heirs and a shortage of succession prospects, a predicament resolved by Anne's impressive fertility. Meanwhile, Anna served as Queen Consort of Bohemia and as one of three living Queens of Hungary until her death. She died in Prague, days after giving birth to her last daughter, Joanna.[1] In 1556, Charles V abdicated and Ferdinand succeeded as emperor, nine years after Anna's death. After Anna died, Ferdinand was advised to remarry several times by people around him, but he could not forget his wife and never remarried.

During Anna's life, her husband expanded the Castle of Linz to offer her more security in times of war. The Belvedere ("Queen Anne's Summer Palace"), one of the most beautiful buildings in Prague, was built for her on the grounds of Prague Castle starting in 1538.[6] It was not completed in its present form until 1565, long after her death.

## Children

[edit]

Name | Birth | Death | Notes

|
|
|

Elisabeth | 9 July 1526 | 15 June 1545  | Married the future King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania Sigismund II Augustus; no issue
Maximilian | 31 July 1527 | 12 October 1576  | Married his first cousin Maria of Spain; had issue
Anna | 7 July 1528 | 16–17 October 1590  | Married Albert V, Duke of Bavaria; had issue
Ferdinand | 14 June 1529 | 24 January 1595  | Married Philippine Welser; had issue; married his niece Anne Juliana Gonzaga; had issue
Maria | 15 May 1531 | 11 December 1581  | Married Wilhelm, Duke of Jülich-Cleves-Berg; had issue
Magdalena | 14 August 1532 | 10 September 1590  | A nun
Catherine | 15 September 1533 | 28 February 1572  | Married King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania Sigismund II Augustus; no issue
Eleanor | 2 November 1534 | 5 August 1594  | Married William I, Duke of Mantua; had issue
Margaret | 16 February 1536 | 12 March 1567  | A nun
John  | 10 April 1538 | 20 March 1539  | Died in childhood
Barbara | 30 April 1539 | 19 September 1572  | Married Alfonso II d'Este; no issue
Charles | 3 June 1540 | 10 July 1590  | Married his niece Maria Anna of Bavaria; had issue (including Holy Roman Emperor Ferdinand II)
Ursula  | 24 July 1541 | 30 April 1543  | Died in childhood
Helena | 7 January 1543 | 5 March 1574  | A nun
Joanna | 24 January 1547 | 10 April 1578  | Married Francesco I de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany; had issue

## Ancestry

[edit]

Ancestors of Anne of Bohemia and Hungary

|  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 8\. Vladislaus II Jagiellon[9]

|
|
|
|
|
|
|

| 4\. Casimir IV Jagiellon[7]|

|  |  |
| 9\. Sophia of Halshany[9]

| 2\. Vladislaus II of Bohemia and Hungary|

|  |  |  |  |
| 10\. Albert II, King of the Romans[10]

| 5\. Elisabeth of Austria[7]|

|  |  |
| 11\. Elizabeth of Luxembourg[10]

| 1\. Anne of Bohemia and Hungary|
|  |  |  |  |  |  |
| 12\. John de Foix, 1st Earl of Kendal[8]

| 6\. Gaston de Foix, Count of Candale[8]|

|  |  |
| 13\. Margaret Kerdeston[8]

| 3\. Anne of Foix-Candale|

|  |  |  |  |
| 14\. Gaston IV, Count of Foix[8]

| 7\. Catherine of Foix[8]|

|  |  |
| 15\. Eleanor of Navarre[8]

|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |

## References

[edit]

1. ^ a b c Henry Gardiner Adams, ed. (1857). "Anna of Hungary". A Cyclopaedia of Female Biography: 45. Wikidata Q115749214.
2. ^ a b Previte-Orton 1962, p. 922.
3. ^ Royen, Laetitia V. G. Gorter-Van (1995). Maria van Hongarije, regentes der Nederlanden: een politieke analyse op basis van haar regentschaps-ordonnanties en haar correspondentie met Karel V (in Dutch). Uitgeverij Verloren. pp. 41, 59–66, 373. ISBN 978-90-6550-394-7. Retrieved 15 December 2021.59-66,+373&rft.pub=Uitgeverij+Verloren&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=978-90-6550-394-7&rft.aulast=Royen&rft.aufirst=Laetitia+V.+G.+Gorter-Van&rft_id=https://books.google.com/books?id=-94RKP-Lc4UC&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Anne+of+Bohemia+and+Hungary" class="Z3988">
4. ^ Korotin, Ilse (19 May 2016). biografiA: Lexikon österreichischer Frauen (in German). Böhlau Verlag Wien. p. 126\. ISBN 978-3-205-79590-2. Retrieved 15 December 2021.
5. ^ Kohler, Alfred (2003). Ferdinand I., 1503-1564: Fürst, König und Kaiser (in German). C.H.Beck. pp. 96, 97. ISBN 978-3-406-50278-1. Retrieved 15 December 2021.
6. ^ Korotin 2016, p. 126.
7. ^ a b Priebatsch, Felix (1908). "Wladislaw II.". Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (in German). Vol. 54\. Leipzig: Duncker & Humblot. pp. 688–696.688-696&rft.pub=Duncker+&+Humblot&rft.date=1908&rft.au=Priebatsch,+Felix&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Anne+of+Bohemia+and+Hungary" class="Z3988">
8. ^ a b c d e f Noubel, P., ed. (1877). Revue de l'Agenais [Review of the Agenais]. Vol. 4\. Société académique d'Agen. pp. 496–497.496-497&rft.pub=Société+académique+d'Agen&rft.date=1877&rft_id=https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k33857g/f498.image&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Anne+of+Bohemia+and+Hungary" class="Z3988">
9. ^ a b Casimir IV, King of Poland at the Encyclopædia Britannica
10. ^ a b Wurzbach, Constantin von, ed. (1860). "Habsburg, Elisabeth von Oesterreich (Königin von Polen)" . Biographisches Lexikon des Kaiserthums Oesterreich [Biographical Encyclopedia of the Austrian Empire] (in German). Vol. 6\. p. 167 - via Wikisource.

## Sources

[edit]

* Henry Gardiner Adams, ed. (1857). "Anna of Hungary". A Cyclopaedia of Female Biography: 45. Wikidata Q115749214.
* Previte-Orton, C.W. (1962). The Shorter Cambridge Medieval History. Vol. II. Cambridge at the University Press.

## External links

[edit]

Media related to Anna of Bohemia and Hungary at Wikimedia Commons

Anne of Bohemia and Hungary

House of Jagiellon

Cadet branch of the House of Gediminid

Born: 23 July 1503 Died: 27 January 1547

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|  Queen consort of Bohemia
Queen consort of Hungary and Croatia
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Later generations are included although Austrian titles of nobility were abolished and outlawed in 1919.

1st generation|

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2nd generation|

* Mary, Duchess of Burgundy
* Anne, Duchess of Brittany
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3rd generation|

* Joanna, Queen of Castile

4th generation|

* Infanta Isabella of Portugal
* Anne of Bohemia and Hungary

5th generation|

* Maria Manuela, Princess of Portugal*
* Mary I of England*
* Infanta Maria of Spain^
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* Duchess Maria Anna of Bavaria

6th generation|

* Archduchess Anna of Austria^
* Isabella Clara Eugenia^
* Duchess Maria Anna of Bavaria
* Eleonora Gonzaga
* Claudia de' Medici

7th generation|

* Princess Elisabeth of France*
* Infanta Maria Ana of Spain^
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* Eleonora Gonzaga
* Anna de' Medici
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8th generation|

* Infanta Margaret Theresa of Spain^
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9th generation|

* Princess Wilhelmina Amalia of Brunswick-Lüneburg
* Princess Elisabeth Christine of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel

10th generation|

* None

11th generation|

* Princess Isabella of Parma**
* Princess Maria Josepha of Bavaria**
* Infanta Maria Luisa of Spain**
* Maria Beatrice d'Este, Duchess of Massa**

12th generation|

* Duchess Elisabeth of Württemberg**
* Princess Maria Theresa of Naples and Sicily**
* Princess Luisa of Naples and Sicily**
* Princess Henrietta of Nassau-Weilburg**
* Grand Duchess Alexandra Pavlovna of Russia**
* Princess Hermine of Anhalt-Bernburg-Schaumburg-Hoym**
* Duchess Maria Dorothea of Württemberg**
* Princess Elisabeth of Savoy**
* Princess Maria Beatrice of Savoy

13th generation|

* Princess Sophie of Bavaria
* Princess Maria Anna of Saxony**
* Princess Hildegard of Bavaria
* Archduchess Elisabeth Franziska of Austria^
* Princess Clotilde of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha
* Princess Adelgunde of Bavaria, Duchess of Modena

14th generation|

* Princess Charlotte of Belgium
* Princess Margaretha of Saxony
* Princess Maria Annunciata of the Two Sicilies
* Infanta Maria Theresa of Portugal
* Princess Anna of Saxony**
* Princess Maria Immaculata of the Two Sicilies**
* Princess Isabella of Croÿ
* Archduchess Maria Theresa of Austria^
* Princess Auguste Maria of Bavaria

15th generation|

* Princess Stéphanie of Belgium
* Princess Maria Josepha of Saxony
* Princess Maria Cristina of the Two Sicilies**
* Princess Blanca of Bourbon**
* Archduchess Marie Valerie of Austria^**

16th generation|

* Princess Zita of Parma
* Princess Ileana of Romania**
* Princess Rosemary of Salm-Salm**

17th generation|

* Princess Regina of Saxe-Meiningen
* Princess Margherita of Savoy
* Princess Yolande of Ligne
* Laetitia d'Arenberg**

18th generation|

* Freiin Francesca Thyssen-Bornemisza de Kászon et Impérfalva
* Duchess Eilika of Oldenburg
* Princess Astrid of Belgium
* Princess Marie Astrid of Luxembourg

*also an infanta of Spain by marriage; **also a princess of Tuscany by marriage; ^also an archduchess of Austria in her own right

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