Anomodontia

Suborder of stem-mammals

Anomodontia

Temporal range: Middle Permian-Late Triassic, 270–201 Ma

PreꞒ

Mounted skeleton of Lystrosaurus
Scientific classification
Domain:  | Eukaryota
Kingdom:  | Animalia
Phylum:  | Chordata
Clade:  | Synapsida
Clade:  | Therapsida
Suborder:  | †Anomodontia
Owen, 1859
Subgroups

See text

Anomocephalus Otsheria Aulacocephalodon Kannemeyeria

Anomodontia is an extinct group of non-mammalian therapsids from the Permian and Triassic periods.[1] By far the most speciose group are the dicynodonts, a clade of beaked, tusked herbivores.[2] Anomodonts were very diverse during the Middle Permian, including primitive forms like Anomocephalus and Patranomodon and groups like Venyukovioidea and Dromasauria. Dicynodonts became the most successful and abundant of all herbivores in the Late Permian, filling ecological niches ranging from large browsers down to small burrowers. Few dicynodont families survived the Permian–Triassic extinction event, but one lineage (Kannemeyeriiformes) evolved into large, stocky forms that became dominant terrestrial herbivores right until the Late Triassic, when changing conditions caused them to decline, finally going extinct during the Triassic–Jurassic extinction event.

## Classification[edit]

### Taxonomy[edit]

* Order Therapsida
* Suborder Anomodontia
* Biseridens
* Patranomodon
* Clade Anomocephaloidea
* Anomocephalus
* Tiarajudens
* Infraorder Venyukovioidea
* Otsheria
* Parasuminia
* Suminia
* Ulemica
* Venyukovia
* Clade Chainosauria
* ?Galechirus
* Galeops
* Galepus
* Infraorder Dicynodontia

### Phylogeny[edit]

Cladogram modified from Cisneros et al., 2015.[3]

Anomodontia |

|  |

Biseridens

|

| Anomocephaloidea |

|  |

Anomocephalus

|

Tiarajudens

|  |

Galechirus

|

Venyukovioidea |

|  |

Otsheria

|

|  |

Suminia

|

Ulemica

Chainosauria |

|  |

Patranomodon

|

|  |

Galeops

|

Dicynodontia

Cladogram modified from Angielczyk and Kammerer (2017):[4]

Anomodontia |

|  |

Biseridens

|

| Venyukovioidea |

|  |

Otsheria

|

|  |

Suminia

|

Ulemica

Chainosauria |

|  |

Galepus

|

| Anomocephaloidea |

|  |

Anomocephalus

|

Tiarajudens

|  |

Patranomodon

|

|  |

Galechirus

|

|  |

Galeops

|

Dicynodontia

## See also[edit]

* Theriodont
* Dinocephalia
* Biarmosuchians
* Evolution of mammals

## References[edit]

1. ^ Liu, J.; Rubidge, B.; Li, J. (2009). "A new specimen of Biseridens qilianicus indicates its phylogenetic position as the most basal anomodont". Proceedings of the Royal Society B. 277 (1679): 285–292. doi:10.1098/rspb.2009.0883. PMC 2842672. PMID 19640887.
2. ^ Chinsamy-Turan, A. (2011) Forerunners of Mammals: Radiation - Histology - Biology, p.39. Indiana University Press, ISBN 0253356970. Retrieved May 2012
3. ^ Cisneros, Juan Carlos; Abdala, Fernando; Jashashvili, Tea; De Oliveira Bueno, Ana; Dentzien-Dias, Paula (2015). "Tiarajudens eccentricus and Anomocephalus africanus , two bizarre anomodonts (Synapsida, Therapsida) with dental occlusion from the Permian of Gondwana". Royal Society Open Science. 2 (7): 150090. Bibcode:2015RSOS....250090C. doi:10.1098/rsos.150090. PMC 4632579. PMID 26587266. S2CID 25503025.
4. ^ Angielczyk, Kenneth D.; Kammerer, Christian F. (2017). "The cranial morphology, phylogenetic position and biogeography of the upper Permian dicynodont Compsodon helmoedi van Hoepen (Therapsida, Anomodontia)". Papers in Palaeontology. 3 (4): 513–545. doi:10.1002/spp2.1087. S2CID 134092461.

* v
* t
* e

Synapsida

* Kingdom: Animalia
* Phylum: Chordata
* Superclass: Tetrapoda
* Clade: Amniota

| Tetrapodomorpha|

*     * see Tetrapodomorpha

Reptiliomorpha|

*     * see Reptiliomorpha

Synapsida|

*     * see below↓

Synapsida

Synapsida

* †Eunotosaurus?
* †Diadectomorpha?

†Caseasauria?|

| Eothyrididae|

* Asaphestera?
* Eothyris
* Oedaleops
* Vaughnictis

|

Caseidae|

* Alierasaurus
* Angelosaurus
* Arisierpeton
* Callibrachion
* Casea
* Caseoides
* Caseopsis
* Cotylorhynchus
* Datheosaurus
* Ennatosaurus
* Eocasea
* Euromycter
* Lalieudorhynchus
* Martensius
* Oromycter
* Phreatophasma
* Ruthenosaurus
* Trichasaurus

Eupelycosauria

| †Varanopidae?|

* Apsisaurus
* Archaeovenator
* Ascendonanus
* Eoscansor
* Dendromaia
* Nitosaurus?
* Pyozia
* Thrausmosaurus

Mesenosaurinae|

* Anningia
* Cabarzia
* Elliotsmithia
* Heleosaurus
* Mesenosaurus
* Microvaranops

Varanodontinae|

* Aerosaurus
* Mycterosaurus?
* Ruthiromia
* Tambacarnifex
* Varanops
* Varanodon
* Watongia

Metopophora|

*     * see below↓

| Incertae sedis|

* †Dimacrodon
* †Driveria
* †Gorgodon
* †Knoxosaurus
* †Mastersonia
* †Protoclepsydrops?

|

Metopophora

| †Ophiacodontidae|

* Archaeothyris
* Baldwinonus
* Clepsydrops
* Echinerpeton
* Ophiacodon
* Stereophallodon
* Stereorhachis
* Varanosaurus

|

Haptodontiformes

* †Ianthodon
* †Milosaurus

†Edaphosauridae|

* Bohemiclavulus
* Edaphosaurus
* Glaucosaurus
* Gordodon
* Ianthasaurus
* Lupeosaurus
* Melanedaphodon
* Ramodendron
* Remigiomontanus
* Xyrospondylus

Sphenacodontia

* †Cutleria
* †Haptodus
* †Hypselohaptodus
* †Kenomagnathus
* †Tetraceratops

†Palaeohatteriidae|

* Palaeohatteria
* Pantelosaurus

Sphenacodontoidea|

* †Shashajaia

†Sphenacodontidae|

* Cryptovenator
* Ctenorhachis
* Ctenospondylus
* Cutleria?
* Dimetrodon
* Eosyodon
* Macromerion
* Neosaurus
* Secodontosaurus
* Sphenacodon
* Steppesaurus?
* Tappenosaurus?
* Tetraceratops?

Therapsida|

*     * see below↓

Therapsida

Therapsida

* †Raranimus

†Biarmosuchia|

*     * see Biarmosuchia

†Dinocephalia|

*     * see Dinocephalia

†Anomodontia|

*     * see Anomodontia
* includes dicynodonts

†Gorgonopsia|

*     * see Gorgonopsia

Eutheriodontia|

| †Therocephalia|

*     * see Therocephalia

|

Cynodontia|

*     * see Cynodontia
* includes mammals

Incertae sedis|

* †Dinosaurus
* †Kamagorgon
* †Niaftasuchus

* See also: Pelycosauria
* Phthinosuchia
* Theriodontia
* Category

* v
* t
* e

Anomodontia

* Kingdom: Animalia
* Phylum: Chordata
* Clade: Synapsida
* Clade: Therapsida

| Synapsida|

*     * see Synapsida

Anomodontia|

*     * see below↓

Anomodontia

Anomodontia

* Biseridens
* Novocynodon?

Anomocephaloidea|

* Anomocephalus
* Tiarajudens

Venyukovioidea|

* Otsheria
* Parasuminia
* Suminia
* Ulemica
* Venyukovia

Chainosauria|

* Galechirus
* Galeops
* Galepus
* Patranomodon
* Anomocephaloidea?

Dicynodontia|

*     * see below↓

Dicynodontia

Dicynodontia

* Brachyprosopus
* Colobodectes
* Eodicynodon
* Lanthanostegus
* Nyaphulia
* Pristerodon

Pylaecephalidae|

* Diictodon
* Eosimops
* Prosictodon
* Robertia

Endothiodontia|

* Abajudon
* Endothiodon
* Niassodon

Therochelonia|

| Emydopoidea|

* Digalodon
* Emydorhinus?
* Palemydops?

Emydopidae|

* Compsodon
* Emydops

Myosauridae|

* Myosauroides
* Myosaurus

Kingoriidae|

* Dicynodontoides
* Kombuisia
* Thliptosaurus

Cistecephalidae|

* Cistecephaloides
* Cistecephalus
* Kawingasaurus
* Kembawacela
* Sauroscaptor

Bidentalia|

*     * see below↓

Bidentalia

Bidentalia

* Daqingshanodon
* Idelesaurus
* Keyseria
* Odontocyclops
* Rastodon
* Syops

Elphidae|

* Elph
* Interpresosaurus
* Katumbia

Geikiidae|

* Aulacephalodon
* Bulbasaurus
* Geikia
* Pelanomodon

Oudenodontidae|

* Australobarbarus
* Oudenodon
* Tropidostoma

Rhachiocephalidae|

* Kitchinganomodon
* Rhachiocephalus

Dicynodontoidea|

* Counillonia
* Daptocephalus
* Delectosaurus
* Dicynodon
* Dinanomodon
* Gordonia
* Kunpania
* Peramodon
* Repelinosaurus
* Taoheodon
* Turfanodon
* Vivaxosaurus

Lystrosauridae|

* Basilodon?
* Euptychognathus?
* Jimusaria?
* Kwazulusaurus
* Lystrosaurus
* Sintocephalus?

Kannemeyeriiformes|

*     * see below↓

Kannemeyeriiformes

Kannemeyeriiformes

* Angonisaurus
* Dinodontosaurus
* Elephantosaurus
* Woznikella

Shansiodontidae|

* Shansiodon
* Tetragonias
* Vinceria
* Rhinodicynodon

Kannemeyeriidae|

* Acratophorus
* Dolichuranus
* Kannemeyeria
* Parakannemeyeria
* Rabidosaurus
* Rechnisaurus
* Rhadiodromus
* Shaanbeikannemeyeria
* Sinokannemeyeria
* Uralokannemeyeria
* Wadiasaurus
* Xiyukannemeyeria

Stahleckeriidae|

* Sungeodon

Placeriinae|

* Argodicynodon
* Lisowicia
* Moghreberia
* Pentasaurus
* Placerias
* Zambiasaurus

Stahleckeriinae|

* Eubrachiosaurus
* Ischigualastia
* Jachaleria
* Sangusaurus
* Stahleckeria
* Ufudocyclops

Other articles

| Nomina dubia|

* Azarifeneria
* Baiopsis
* Calleonasus
* Chelyoposaurus
* Cristonasus
* Diaelurodon
* Dicranozygoma
* Elatosaurus
* Eurycarpus
* Eurychororhinus
* Haughtoniana
* Keirognathus
* Koupia
* Nasoplanites
* Opisthoctenodon
* Parvobestiola
* Planitorostris
* Platypodosaurus
* Putillosaurus
* Synostocephalus
* Taognathus

|

Paraphyletic groups|

* Cryptodontia?
* Dromasauria

Taxon identifiers

Anomodontia|

* Wikidata: Q131803
* Wikispecies: Anomodontia
* EoL: 4529715
* Paleobiology Database: 180705

*[v]: View this template
*[t]: Discuss this template
*[e]: Edit this template
*[†]: Extinct