Anshan

For the capital city in the historic region of Persia, see Anshan (Persia). For other uses, see Anshan (disambiguation).

Prefecture-level city in Liaoning, People's Republic of China

Anshan

鞍山市

Prefecture-level city

Left to right, top to bottom: Anshan skyline, the Jade Buddha Palace, Anshan Iron and Steel Works, the Anshan railway station, Lishan Temple

Location of Anshan City jurisdiction in Liaoning

Anshan

Location of the city centre in Liaoning

Coordinates (Anshan municipal government): 41°06′29″N 122°59′38″E﻿ / ﻿41.108°N 122.994°E﻿ / 41.108; 122.994
Country| People's Republic of China
Province| Liaoning
Municipal seat| Tiedong District
Districts and Counties|

List

* Tiedong District
* Tiexi District
* Lishan District
* Qianshan District
* Haicheng City
* Tai'an County
* Xiuyan Manchu Autonomous County

Government

• Party Secretary| Wang Shiwei
• Mayor| Wu Zhongqiong
Area

• Prefecture-level city

| 9,270 km2 (3,580 sq mi)
• Land| 8,563 km2 (3,306 sq mi)
• Water| 689 km2 (266 sq mi)  7.4%
• Urban

[1]

| 794.9 km2 (306.9 sq mi)
• Metro

| 3,997.8 km2 (1,543.6 sq mi)
Highest elevation

| 1,141 m (3,743 ft)
Lowest elevation

| 2 m (7 ft)
Population

(2020 census)[2]

• Prefecture-level city

| 3,325,372
• Density| 360/km2 (930/sq mi)
• Urban

| 1,543,696
• Urban density| 1,900/km2 (5,000/sq mi)
• Metro

| 2,712,789
• Metro density| 680/km2 (1,800/sq mi)
GDP[3]

• Prefecture-level city| CN¥ 233.7 billion
US$ 37.5 billion
• Per capita| CN¥ 64,710
US$ 10,389
Time zone| UTC+8 (China Standard)
Postal code|

114010

Area code| 412
ISO 3166 code| CN-LN-03
Licence plates| 辽C
Administrative division code| 210300
Website| Anshan.gov.cn

Anshan (Chinese: 鞍山; pinyin: Ānshān; lit. 'saddle mountain') is an inland prefecture-level city in central-southeast Liaoning province, People's Republic of China, about 92 kilometres (57 mi) south of the provincial capital Shenyang. As of the 2020 census, it was Liaoning's third most populous city with a population of 3,325,372 people, over an area of about 9,270 km2 (3,580 sq mi) spanning 133 km (83 mi) from east to the west. Its built-up area encompassing the 4 Anshan urban districts (1,543,696 inhabitants), the 4 out of 5 urban Liaoyang districts (796,962 inhabitants, Gongchangling not being conurbated yet) and Liaoyang county largely being conurbated, was home to 2,712,789 million inhabitants in 2020.

The city's name came from the horse saddle-like shape of a nearby mountain south of the city, which can be seen on the left (west) about five minutes before the northbound train arrives at Anshan railway station. Anshan is home to the Anshan Iron and Steel Group, one of the largest steel producers in China. Anshan is sister city with Sheffield, United Kingdom.

Anshan holds one-third of the world's supply of talcum[4] and a quarter of the world's reserves of magnesite.[4] Anshan also produced the largest ever jade stone, now a local tourist attraction carved as a Buddha statue.[4]

## History

[edit]

Anshan old city gate

The area of Anshan has been inhabited since prehistoric times. It has been a site of iron mining and metallurgy for over 2,000 years.[5]: 289 The area remained of little significance, a small city in Liaodong province, overshadowed by neighbouring Liaoyang city, until the mid-20th Century.

In 1587 Anshan was fortified by the Ming Dynasty to combat the growing power of the Manchu. The city was burnt down during the Boxer Rebellion, and was destroyed again in the Russo-Japanese War (1904–1905). As a result of this war, Japan had gained influence in Liaoning and was engaged in industrialising the region. Anshan lay beside the new South Manchuria Railway line that ran from the port of Dalian to the major city of Shenyang.

As part of the economic privileges that Japan forced China to cede in 1915, Japan obtained concessions in Anshan.[6]: 29

From 1918 to 1945, Anshan was under Japanese colonial control and was a centre for modern iron and steel production.[5]: 289 After the Mukden Incident in 1931, Japan occupied the northeast of China. The mills were turned into a Japanese-owned monopoly. In 1933, the site was expanded to include steel production and the company was renamed Showa Steel Works.[7] Anshan became part of the Japanese puppet state of Manchukuo. In 1937, Puyi officially designated Anshan as a city.[6]: 56 During Japanese colonial control, Anshan was ethnically separated, with Japanese living east of its railway line and Chinese living west of it.[6]: 56–57 Schools in the city were also segregated.[6]: 57

Additional industries developed around the iron and steel mills. Anshan grew significantly in size around this new industrial site, becoming one of, if not the largest producers of iron and steel in Asia.[8] It was therefore of strategic importance in the Pacific War, and was subject to several attacks by B-29 Superfortress strategic bombers of the USAAF. The Japanese Army detached the 1st Chutai (unit) of the 104th Sentai (squadron) of the Imperial Japanese Army Air Force, to Anshan, with other air squadrons for industrial defence purposes. Although this unit was equipped with modern Nakajima Ki-84 Ia (Manshu Type) Hayate "Frank" fighters, manufactured by Manshūkoku Hikōki Seizo KK, the plant suffered heavy damage from the air raids, losing up to 30% of its capacity.[9]

After the war in Europe ended, the Soviet Union declared war on Japan, as the Red Army simultaneously launched Operation August Storm. Soviet forces advanced rapidly and soon captured much of Manchuria from the Japanese. In late 1945, the Soviet Red Army occupied a large amount of Liaoning and took major portions of the area's manufacturing and mining equipment to the Soviet Union.[5]: 289

With the defeat of Japan in 1945, Anshan was returned to China along with the rest of the Chinese Manchuria. Civil war continued between the Nationalists and the Communists. The Nationalist Government attempted to revive manufacturing in the area during their period of control from 1946 to 1948.[5]: 289–290 The Nationalists withdrew from Anshan in February 1948.[6]: 91

The Communists entered the city on 28 February.[6]: 97 Upon beginning governing in Anshan, Communist authorities sought to implement New Democracy by nationalizing some private enterprises with compensation and providing financial support to other private business.[6]: 121 A significant amount of Japanese remained in Anshan, and they were governed indirectly by the CPC through an intermediary group of Japanese Communist cadre, which included members of the Japanese Communist Party who had been in the region before 1945, former Japanese soldiers who had been reeducated in Yan'an, and Japanese Communists recruited and trained by the CPC after 1945.[6]: 122

The northeast of China was marked out to become a major industrial centre for the new People's Republic of China. Anshan became a key part of China's approach to "socialist industrialization" which, modeled after the Soviet approach, focused on the development of heavy industry state-owned enterprises.[6]: 1 Its mining and manufacturing industries had to be rebuilt almost from scratch, however.[5]: 289–290 During this period, Anshan was given the same status as provinces, although it was reversed after the period ended. In December 1948, the Anshan Iron and Steel Company—also known as Angang—was founded. It was a centre of industrialization as part of China's First Five-Year Plan.[5]: 290 Production in the newly repaired steel plant resumed on July 9, 1949. The plant was the largest steel producer in China.[6]: 1 Anshan developed the nickname, "Steel Metropolis".[6]: 1 Other industries set up alongside the steel plant including mining for coal, iron and other minerals.

Anshan became a formal administrative region under the Northeastern People's Government (later renamed as the Northeastern Administration Commission) in November 1949.

Anshan is reported to have served as a base for Soviet MIG fighter aircraft and pilots during the Korean War (1950–1953) in air combat operations against US/UN forces.[10]

In 1954, Indian Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru visited Anshan.[6]: 1

On March 12, 1953, the city became a municipality under the Central Government's direct administration. Haicheng County and Xiuyan County were subordinated to Liaodong Province. Tai'an County was subordinated to Liaoxi Province. On August 22, 1954, the central government decided that Anshan should be administered by Liaoning Province.

During the Cultural Revolution, on 17 August 1967, the Communist Party of China's central authorities issued the Resolution on the Anshan Question which criticized the CPC Angang Committee and the CPC Anshan City Committee members as capitalist roaders.[6]: 253 Three days later, the Anshan City Military Control Committee was established by the People's Liberation Army with Zhang Feng and Chen Shaokun as the Committee directors.[6]: 253 The Committee implemented military control over both Angang and Anshan.[6]: 253 On 20 March 1968, the city's Revolutionary Committee was created.[6]: 253

The State Council confirmed that Anshan should be in charge of Xiuyan County and Haicheng City in 1985.

The furnaces of the steel plant were changed in the 1980s to designs which blow oxygen in from the front. This increased the production and also reduced pollution. In the 1990s, they were additionally altered to blow oxygen in from the top as well. This further increases production and reduces pollution. In December 2000, all three production lines of Anshan Iron and Steel Company switched from mould-casting to continuous casting. This new technology has significantly reduced the dust and other pollution in the city. The new plant equipment is also much less labour-intensive. This has meant a reduction in the workforce has caused an unemployment problem in the city. A new drive to market Anshan as a tourist destination is hoped to help bolster the city's economy.

## Geography

[edit]

Sited north of the Liao River plains, Anshan has wide flat lands in the west and central regions that develop into hilly and mountainous terrain on the southeastern fringes, which is bounded by the Qian Mountains and contains the famous Qianshan National Park. The region is rich in minerals including iron ore, coal, magnesite, talcum and jade. The plains of western Anshan have large flat fertile fields ideal for agriculture, with 24,480 hectares (60,500 acres) of arable land accounting for 26.4% of its total land area. One such agricultural product that Anshan has become renowned for is the Nanguo pears (Chinese: 南果梨, Pyrus ussuriensis c.v. Nanguo), nicknamed the "king of pears". Anshan was used as a travel post with motels during the Ming Dynasty (Chinese: 明朝) for travellers who passed by on work duty.

### Climate

[edit]

Anshan has a monsoon-influenced humid continental climate (Köppen Dwa) characterised by hot, humid summers, due to the monsoon, and rather long, cold, and arid winters, due to the Siberian anticyclone. The four seasons here are distinctive. Nearly half of the annual rainfall occurs in July and August. The monthly 24-hour average temperatures ranges from −7.6 °C (18.3 °F) in January to 25.9 °C (78.6 °F) in July, while the annual mean is 10.6 °C (51.1 °F). Sunshine is generous and amounts to 2,595.4 hours annually, while relative humidity averages 55%, ranging from 44% in April to 71% in July and August. Extreme temperatures have ranged from −26.9 °C (−16.4 °F) up to 36.7 °C (98.1 °F).

Climate data for Anshan, elevation 77 m (253 ft), (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1971–2010)

Month  | Jan  | Feb  | Mar  | Apr  | May  | Jun  | Jul  | Aug  | Sep  | Oct  | Nov  | Dec  | Year
Record high °C (°F)  | 8.9
(48.0)  | 17.5
(63.5)  | 21.0
(69.8)  | 30.2
(86.4)  | 34.7
(94.5)  | 36.5
(97.7)  | 36.7
(98.1)  | 36.0
(96.8)  | 32.6
(90.7)  | 29.2
(84.6)  | 22.7
(72.9)  | 15.5
(59.9)  | 36.7
(98.1)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F)  | −3.3
(26.1)  | 1.2
(34.2)  | 8.4
(47.1)  | 17.4
(63.3)  | 24.2
(75.6)  | 28.0
(82.4)  | 30.0
(86.0)  | 29.2
(84.6)  | 24.9
(76.8)  | 17.1
(62.8)  | 7.1
(44.8)  | −0.7
(30.7)  | 15.3
(59.5)
Daily mean °C (°F)  | −7.6
(18.3)  | −3.3
(26.1)  | 3.6
(38.5)  | 12.1
(53.8)  | 18.9
(66.0)  | 23.3
(73.9)  | 25.9
(78.6)  | 25.0
(77.0)  | 19.9
(67.8)  | 12.1
(53.8)  | 2.7
(36.9)  | −5.0
(23.0)  | 10.6
(51.1)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F)  | −11.2
(11.8)  | −7.1
(19.2)  | −0.5
(31.1)  | 7.5
(45.5)  | 14.1
(57.4)  | 19.0
(66.2)  | 22.3
(72.1)  | 21.4
(70.5)  | 15.5
(59.9)  | 7.7
(45.9)  | −1.1
(30.0)  | −8.6
(16.5)  | 6.6
(43.8)
Record low °C (°F)  | −26.9
(−16.4)  | −23.9
(−11.0)  | −24.0
(−11.2)  | −6.3
(20.7)  | 1.2
(34.2)  | 8.0
(46.4)  | 13.6
(56.5)  | 9.5
(49.1)  | 1.7
(35.1)  | −6.2
(20.8)  | −16.0
(3.2)  | −24.5
(−12.1)  | −26.9
(−16.4)
Average precipitation mm (inches)  | 8.1
(0.32)  | 10.1
(0.40)  | 17.7
(0.70)  | 37.2
(1.46)  | 65.4
(2.57)  | 87.6
(3.45)  | 154.8
(6.09)  | 180.2
(7.09)  | 54.7
(2.15)  | 44.9
(1.77)  | 27.6
(1.09)  | 13.0
(0.51)  | 701.3
(27.6)
Average precipitation days (≥ 0.1 mm) | 3.6  | 3.5  | 4.6  | 7.0  | 8.5  | 11.1  | 13.2  | 11.0  | 7.5  | 6.6  | 5.2  | 3.7  | 85.5
Average snowy days  | 5.7  | 4.8  | 4.2  | 1.2  | 0  | 0  | 0  | 0  | 0  | 0.4  | 4.3  | 6.0  | 26.6
Average relative humidity (%)  | 53  | 47  | 45  | 44  | 49  | 60  | 71  | 71  | 61  | 54  | 54  | 54  | 55
Mean monthly sunshine hours | 186.1  | 196.4  | 236.2  | 241.5  | 270.5  | 238.5  | 213.6  | 222.4  | 236.3  | 213.2  | 173.1  | 167.6  | 2,595.4
Percentage possible sunshine | 62  | 65  | 64  | 60  | 60  | 53  | 47  | 53  | 64  | 63  | 59  | 59  | 59
Source 1: China Meteorological Administration[11][12]
Source 2: Weather China[13]

## Administrative divisions

[edit]

Anshan is divided into four districts, one town, one county and one autonomous county.

Map

Tiedong

Tiexi

Lishan

Qianshan

Haicheng
(city)

Tai'an
County

Xiuyan
County

Name  | Chinese (S)  | Hanyu Pinyin | Population
(2003 est.)  | Area (km2)  | Density (/km2)
Tiedong District | 铁东区 | Tiědōng Qū | 490,000  | 30  | 16,333
Tiexi District | 铁西区 | Tiěxī Qū | 290,000  | 34  | 8,529
Lishan District | 立山区 | Lìshān Qū | 420,000  | 55  | 7,636
Qianshan District | 千山区 | Qiānshān Qū | 260,000  | 503  | 517
Haicheng City | 海城市 | Hǎichéng Shì | 1,130,000  | 2,732  | 414
Tai'an County | 台安县 | Tái'ān Xiàn | 380,000  | 1,393  | 273
Xiuyan Manchu Autonomous County | 岫岩满族
自治县 | Xiùyán Mǎnzú
Zìzhìxiàn | 510,000  | 4,502  | 113

## Economy

[edit]

Qidashan open cast iron ore mine, one of three large pits surrounding Anshan city

The north east of China is a major industrial zone and Anshan is one of the key sites of the north east. Anshan is in the midst of a at least a quarter of China's iron and coal resources.[5]: 289 The city is renowned as "China's capital of iron and steel". Prior to the development of the Iron and Steel industries, Anshan was a relatively small city of little importance. As the steel mills expanded, so to did the city. Spin off industries developed alongside the steel plant making the area a centre of heavy industry.

As a joint Sino-Japanese venture, Anshan Zhenzing Iron Ore Company Unlimited was started in Anshan in 1918. When Japan occupied Northeast China in 1931, these mills were turned into a Japanese owned monopoly. Anshan subsequently became part of the Japanese puppet state of Manchukuo and additional industries developed around the iron and steel mills. Due to its mills, the city became a significant strategic industrial hub during World War II and as such, was subject to constant Allied bombing during the war.

Total production of processed iron in Manchuria reached 1,000,000 tonnes in 1931–32, of which almost half was made by Shōwa Steel in Anshan. Iron production grew to 7,000,000 tonnes in 1938 and by 1941, Shōwa Steel Works had a total capacity production of 1,750,000 tonnes of iron bars and 1,000,000 tonnes of processed steel. By 1942, Anshan's Shōwa Steel Works total production capacity reached 3,600,000 tonnes, making it one of the major iron and steel centers in the world.[8]

An Gang steel company before 1945

In 1945 the steel plant was looted by Soviet forces. The Republic of China government partially repaired the site, but it was destroyed again during the Chinese civil war that saw the Communist forces victorious. The mills were once again repaired and Anshan Iron and Steel Company (Angang) was founded in 1948. From then to 2001, the company produced 290 million tons of steel, 284 million tons of pig iron and 192 million tons of rolled steel. Until [when?] the opening of a new steel plant in Shanghai, Angang was the largest steel producer in China. Today, Angang consists of three steelworks with 13 rolling mills plus supporting plants which produce coke, refractory materials and machinery for the steel plants. The company has an annual production capacity of 10 million tons of pig iron, 10 million tons of steel and 9.5 million tons of rolled steel. A quarter of China's total iron ore reserves, about 10 billion tons, are located in Anshan, ensuring that the city will remain an important steel producer well into the future.[14]

Anshan is rich in other mineral wealth too. The southern and south eastern areas of Anshan are rich in magnesite, with reserves equivalent to a quarter of all worldwide reserves. Anshan also has the world's largest reserve of talcum, accounting for fully one third of the entire world supply. The Xiuyan area of Anshan is known for the production of jade. The largest single jade stone ever found came from Xiuyan, now carved into the form of a Buddha, it is a major tourist attraction in the area.

Anshan is serviced by Shenyang airport, about 90 kilometres (56 miles) to the north, and by two major highways linking it with Shenyang and Dalian.[4]

The government of Anshan established a five-year plan in 2000 with the aim of turning the city into a strong modern industrial city with plenty of tourism. It also aimed to make the city GDP reach 100 billion RMB by 2005 and to build a modern industrial city by using advances in technology to transform the traditional industries. Attracting foreign investment is also another main idea in the plan. The Anshan government anticipates the foreign investment assets would be around 80 billion RMB by 2005.

Anshan has been identified by the Economist Intelligence Unit in the November 2010 Access China White Paper as a member of the CHAMPS (Chongqing, Hefei, Anshan, Maanshan, Pingdingshan and Shenyang), an economic profile of the top 20 emerging cities in China.[15] The opportunities for engaging Anshan's consumers have been documented by the ethnographer and cultural sociologist Michael B. Griffiths.[16]

## Demographics

[edit]

Out of the 3,584,000 people living in Anshan prefecture, 519,400 are ethnic Manchu, a holdover from northeast China's historical rule by the ethnic group. They are mainly in or around the Xiuyan Man regional ethnic autonomy area which is within Anshan's borders. During the last years of the Qing dynasty, large numbers of Han people migrated to the north east in search of work. This pattern continued into the 20th century. The development of Anshan as a large industrial center during and after World War II caused the city's population to increase rapidly, and the new arrivals began to significantly outnumber the local Man people. As of the last census data, Anshan was home to 48 Chinese ethnic groups. The Han people make up the lion's share at 3,020,500 people. Next, after the Han and Man people, come the Hui and the Chaoxian with 23,400 and 10,000 people respectively. The Hui population is widely dispersed but the Chaoxian population is mostly concentrated in Teixi (West district) and Qianshan district.[17]

Anshan has a population of 3.65 million at the 2010 census. As the city has expanded, the area between Anshan and the neighbouring city of Liaoyang has become urbanised, with little or no farmland visible on route between them. According to the 2010 census, the conurbation of urban Anshan and urban Liaoyang districts contains 2.17 million inhabitants.

The city of Anshan can be divided into districts. The East district, Tiedong has a population of 452,900. The western district, Tiexi has 311,600 people. These two districts are demarcated by the railway lines that run north to south through the city. The north western portion of the city is dominated by the large steel works of Angang. The district of Lishan houses 425,600 people and the suburbs of Qianshan district have 366,200 soles. Within Anshan prefecture lies the subordinate city of Haicheng which accounts for 1,181,100 people. The neighbouring subordinate town of Tai'an has 354,700 people.

## Transportation

[edit]

Anshan train station at night

Anshan has no river or sea port. The nearby military airport, Anshan Teng'ao Airport (AOG), also accepts commercial domestic flights. Currently there are five routes in operation, Anshan–Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou, Chengdu and Nanjing, with one flight each per day throughout the year. Anshan Teng'ao Airport is 15 km (9 mi) southwest of the city centre. In addition to the small terminal building at the airport, there is also a city terminal situated just off Qianshan Road in Tiexi district. Passengers may buy tickets and check-in at the city terminal, from which they are taken by coach to the main airport terminal. The nearest other major commercial airports are Shenyang Taoxian International Airport (SHE), about 90 km (56 mi) to the north and Dalian Zhoushuizi International Airport about 270 km (170 mi) to the south.

The city is beside the Shenyang–Dalian Expressway (part of the G15 Shenyang–Haikou Expressway), a privately funded eight-lane tolled highway, and was the first road of its kind in mainland China. The Liaozhong Ring Expressway (G91) passes just a few kilometers north of Anshan city. It connects east to Benxi and west onto the Jingshen Expressway (G1). The Panhai and Danxi Expressways (together forming the G16) pass through Anshan's counties of Haicheng and Xiuyan, connecting them to Yingkou and Panjin in the west and Dandong to the east.

Anshan is connected to the Chinese rail network with rail routes to Beijing, Dalian, and to the northeastern provinces of Jilin and Heilongjiang as well as to eastern Inner Mongolia, and even a direct, albeit slow, train to Hong Kong. As of December 2012,[18] the new Harbin–Dalian High-Speed Railway serves Anshan West Railway Station and Haicheng West Railway Station.[19] It connects south to Dalian and north east to Shenyang, Changchun and Harbin. This line was hailed as the world's first alpine high-speed rail line.[20] In summer it runs at its full speed of 300 km/h but in winter speeds are restricted to 200 km/h.[21] High-speed services also run via Anshan to Beijing. Tai'an county of Anshan is served by another high-speed rail line linking Shenyang to Beijing.

Long-distance coaches run to all the main cities of the province as well as to Beijing.

Local transportation is primarily by bus or taxi. Anshan used to have a single tram line—along Zhonghua Avenue, through the city centre and past Angang main gate—but this has been closed and the tracks removed. Due to the flat topography of the city centre, bicycles are popular. Almost all roads have a wide cycle lane on each side. Often this lane is further protected by a traffic island that separates the bikes from larger motor vehicles.

## Tourist attractions

[edit]

In recent years, Anshan has been trying to throw off its image as a heavy industrial town along with the dirt and pollution that goes with such industry. It has remodeled itself as a tourist destination.[citation needed]

Qianshan National Park

Foremost among the attractions in Anshan is Qianshan National Park which is about 18 km (11 mi), by road, to the southeast of the city. Qianshan, literally 'Thousand Mountains', is an abbreviation of 'Thousand lotus flower mountains'. The peaks were said to resemble the petals of the lotus flower which had been dropped to earth by a goddess. The park area of 44 km2 (17 sq mi), is filled with both Buddhist and Taoist temples, monasteries and nunneries. It is one of few locations where both religions are found sharing the same site. Cars are not allowed within the park.[citation needed]

One of the mountains in the park is believed to resemble Maitreya Buddha. It is claimed to be the largest naturally occurring image of Maitreya in the world. Several temples have been built on the peaks of the overlooking hills. Near the Buddha is a bird park.

Jade Buddha Palace within 219 Park in Anshan houses the world's largest Buddha statue made entirely of jade.[22]

Another major tourist location is "219 Park". The name of the park commemorates the liberation of Anshan by the People's Liberation Army on February 19, 1948. The park contains the Dongshan (East Mountain) scenic area as well as numerous lakes.

Of particular note is the Jade Buddha Palace. This large Buddhist temple complex of 22,104 square metres, houses the world's largest statue of Buddha made of Jade (It is called jade in Chinese, but in English it is Serpentine). It is a single piece of jade stone measuring 6.88 metres in width, 4.10 metres front to back and 7.95 metres high. The jade stone weighs 260.76 tons.[22] The front of the stone has been carved with an image of Sakyamuni (aka. Gautama) Buddha. On the back of the stone Guanyin (aka. Avalokitesvara) Buddha has been carved. The jade stone was found in 1960 in Xiuyan County. It was declared a treasure of the State and listed as a protected property by Chinese Premier Zhou Enlai. Anshan city government commissioned the carving which took a team of 120 sculptures 18 months to complete. The temple complex was opened on September 3, 1996. The building that houses the Jade Buddha statue is 33 metres tall, representing the 33 layers of heaven in Buddhism. It claims to be one of the tallest two-story buildings of traditional Chinese architectural style in China.

Anshan contains naturally hot spring water spas. There are four spas/hotels in Anshan. Visitors may shower and bathe in the spring water. At Tanggangzi Spa, once frequented by the Qing Emperors of China, visitors may have mud treatment where they are buried in hot volcanic sand, which has been infused with the spring water. The geothermal energy is also used to provide hot steam and water for winter heating throughout the area.

Scenes of Anshan

* 219 Park

* Lake view at Anshan's 219 Park

* Tea house restaurant near Anshan 219 Park

* Anshan City Museum

## Education system

[edit]

The city contains two large universities:

* Anshan Normal University
* University of Science and Technology, Liaoning

## Notable people

[edit]

* Kei Tomiyama (1938-1995), Japanese actor, voice actor, and narrator, born in Anshan
* Zhang Dejiang (b. 1946), retired politician, served as the Chairman of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress of the 12th National People's Congress
* Ann Hui (b. 1947), Hong Kong New Wave film director, born in Anshan. Hui's 2006 film The Postmodern Life of My Aunt was partly set and filmed in Anshan.[23]
* Guo Mingyi (b. 1958), philanthropist who began work at Anshan Iron and Steel Group
* Chen Xiaoxu (1965-2007), actress noted for playing Lin Daiyu
* Tang Xiao'ou (1968-2023), computer scientist and co-founder of SenseTime
* Lei Jiayin (b. 1983), actor noted for playing Chen Junsheng in The First Half of My Life
* Du Jing (b. 1984), female badminton player, former women's double champion
* Zhang Xiaofei (b. 1986), actress noted for her performance in Hi, Mom
* Chen Tao (b. 1986), footballer, most recently played as midfielder for Sichuan Longfor
* Zhang Wenzhao (b. 1987), footballer, most recently played as a midfielder for Beijing Renhe
* Li Jiahang (b. 1987), actor noted for playing Fu Erkang in New My Fair Princess.
* Li Man (b. 1988), actress noted for her role in Zhang Yimou'sCurse of the Golden Flower.
* Li Xiaoxia (b. 1988), female table tennis player, Grand Slam champion.
* Guo Yue, table tennis player, 2007 women's world champion.
* Ma Long (b. 1988), male table tennis player, former world-ranked number one.
* Wang Yanlin (b. 1989), actor
* Beiwen Zhang (b. 1990), Chinese-born American badminton player
* Xu Mengtao (b. 1990), 2022 Olympic Champion aerial skier.
* Xu Minghao (stage name The8; b. 1997), member of popular K-pop group Seventeen, born in Anshan

## See also

[edit]

* List of twin towns and sister cities in China

## References

[edit]

1. ^ Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development, ed. (2019). China Urban Construction Statistical Yearbook 2017. Beijing: China Statistics Press. p. 50\. Archived from the original on 18 June 2019. Retrieved 11 January 2020.
2. ^ "China: Liáoníng (Prefectures, Cities, Districts and Counties) - Population Statistics, Charts and Map".
3. ^ 辽宁省统计局、国家统计局辽宁调查总队 (October 2016). 《辽宁统计年鉴－2016》. China Statistics Press. ISBN 978-7-5037-7900-8. Archived from the original on 2017-06-05. Retrieved 2017-06-05.
4. ^ a b c d "China Briefing Business Reports". Asia Briefing. 2009. Archived from the original on 18 February 2009. Retrieved 2009-02-08.
5. ^ a b c d e f g Harrell, Stevan (2023). An Ecological History of Modern China. Seattle: University of Washington Press. ISBN 9780295751719.
6. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p Hirata, Koji (2024). Making Mao's Steelworks: Industrial Manchuria and the Transnational Origins of Chinese Socialism. Cambridge Studies in the History of the People's Republic of China series. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-1-009-38227-4.
7. ^ Yoshihisa Tak Matsusaka, The Making of Japanese Manchuria, 1904-1932 (2001), p.222–3.
8. ^ a b Beasley, W.G. (1991). Japanese Imperialism 1894–1945. Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-822168-1.
9. ^ Astor, Gerald (2004). The Jungle War: Mavericks, Marauders and Madmen in the China-Burma-India Theater of World War II. Wiley. p. 312\. ISBN 0-471-27393-7.
10. ^ Zhang, Xiaoming (2002). Red Wings Over The Yalu: China, the Soviet Union, and the Air War In Korea
11. ^ 中国气象数据网 – WeatherBk Data (in Simplified Chinese). China Meteorological Administration. Retrieved 29 July 2023.
12. ^ 中国气象数据网 (in Simplified Chinese). China Meteorological Administration. Retrieved 29 July 2023.
13. ^ 鞍山 - 气象数据 -中国天气网 (in Chinese). Weather China. Retrieved 28 November 2022.
14. ^ Huang, Youyi; Xiao Siaoming; Li Zhenguo; Zhang Zouku (2006). Liaoning, Home of the Manchus & Cradle of Qing Empire. Foreign Languages Press, Beijing. p. 227\. ISBN 7-119-04517-2.
15. ^ THE RISE OF THE ‘CHAMPS’ - NEW REPORT MAPS BUSINESS OPPORTUNITY IN CHINA’S FASTEST GROWING CITIES Archived April 6, 2012, at the Wayback Machine
16. ^ Griffiths, Michael. B. (2012) 'Consumers and Individuals in China: Standing out, Fitting in', Routledge: London, New York
17. ^ "Population and Nationality". Anshan Municipal Government. Archived from the original on 2007-11-02. Retrieved 5 December 2007.
18. ^ Harbin-Dalian high-speed train begins operation - Xinhua | English.news.cn Archived August 17, 2016, at the Wayback Machine
19. ^ Harbin-Dalian high-speed rail to begin operation - China.org.cn Archived March 3, 2016, at the Wayback Machine
20. ^ Harbin-Dalian High-speed train begins operation CCTV News - CNTV English
21. ^ Harbin-Dalian high-speed rail to reach 300 km/h |Society |chinadaily.com.cn Archived March 4, 2016, at the Wayback Machine
22. ^ a b "Anshan Municipal Government - Jade Buddha Park". Anshan Municipal Government. Archived from the original on July 14, 2007. Retrieved 2008-10-03.
23. ^ chowofhongkong Archived September 5, 2008, at the Wayback Machine

## External links

[edit]

Anshan at Wikipedia's sister projects

* Media from Commons
* Travel information from Wikivoyage
* Data from Wikidata

Look up Anshan or An-shan in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.

* Official website (in Chinese)

* v
* t
* e

County-level divisions of Liaoning Province

Shenyang (capital)

Sub-provincial cities|

| Shenyang|

* Shenhe District
* Huanggu District
* Heping District
* Dadong District
* Tiexi District
* Sujiatun District
* Hunnan District
* Shenbei New Area
* Yuhong District
* Liaozhong District
* Xinmin city
* Faku County
* Kangping County

|

Dalian|

* Xigang District
* Zhongshan District
* Shahekou District
* Ganjingzi District
* Lüshunkou District
* Jinzhou District
* Pulandian District
* Wafangdian city
* Zhuanghe city
* Changhai County

Prefecture-level cities|

| Anshan|

* Tiedong District
* Tiexi District
* Lishan District
* Qianshan District
* Haicheng city
* Tai'an County
* Xiuyan County

|

Fushun|

* Shuncheng District
* Xinfu District
* Dongzhou District
* Wanghua District
* Fushun County
* Xinbin County
* Qingyuan County

Benxi|

* Pingshan District
* Xihu District
* Mingshan District
* Nanfen District
* Benxi County
* Huanren County

Dandong|

* Zhenxing District
* Yuanbao District
* Zhen'an District
* Fengcheng city
* Donggang city
* Kuandian County

Jinzhou|

* Taihe District
* Guta District
* Linghe District
* Linghai city
* Beizhen city
* Heishan County
* Yi County

Yingkou|

* Zhanqian District
* Xishi District
* Bayuquan District
* Laobian District
* Dashiqiao city
* Gaizhou city

Fuxin|

* Haizhou District
* Xinqiu District
* Taiping District
* Qinghemen District
* Xihe District
* Zhangwu County
* Fuxin County

Liaoyang|

* Baita District
* Wensheng District
* Hongwei District
* Gongchangling District
* Taizihe District
* Dengta city
* Liaoyang County

Panjin|

* Xinglongtai District
* Shuangtaizi District
* Dawa District
* Panshan County

Tieling|

* Yinzhou District
* Qinghe District
* Diaobingshan city
* Kaiyuan city
* Tieling County
* Xifeng County
* Changtu County

Chaoyang|

* Shuangta District
* Longcheng District
* Beipiao city
* Lingyuan city
* Chaoyang County
* Jianping County
* Harqin Zuoyi County

Huludao|

* Longgang District
* Lianshan District
* Nanpiao District
* Xingcheng city
* Suizhong County
* Jianchang County

* v
* t
* e

Prefecture-level divisions of China

Notes: *Provincial capitals, ★Sub-provincial cities, ☆Sub-provincial autonomous prefecture *Sub prefectural-level divisions, ✧"Comparatively larger city [zh]" (较大的市) as approved by the State Council

| Provinces|

| Anhui|

* *Hefei
* Wuhu
* Bengbu
* Huainan
* Ma'anshan
* Huaibei
* Tongling
* Anqing
* Huangshan
* Chuzhou
* Fuyang
* Suzhou
* Lu'an
* Bozhou
* Chizhou
* Xuancheng

|

Fujian|

* *Fuzhou
* ★Xiamen
* Putian
* Sanming
* Quanzhou
* Zhangzhou
* Nanping
* Longyan
* Ningde

Gansu|

* *Lanzhou
* Jiayuguan
* Jinchang
* Baiyin
* Tianshui
* Wuwei
* Zhangye
* Pingliang
* Jiuquan
* Qingyang
* Dingxi
* Longnan
* Linxia (Hui)
* Gannan (Tibetan)

Guangdong|

* *★Guangzhou
* ★Shenzhen
* Shaoguan
* Zhuhai
* Shantou
* Foshan
* Jiangmen
* Zhanjiang
* Maoming
* Zhaoqing
* Huizhou
* Meizhou
* Yangjiang
* Shanwei
* Heyuan
* Qingyuan
* Dongguan
* Zhongshan
* Jieyang
* Yunfu

Guizhou|

* *Guiyang
* Liupanshui
* Zunyi
* Anshun
* Bijie
* Tongren
* Qianxinan (Buyei and Miao)
* Qiannan (Buyei and Miao)
* Qiandongnan (Miao and Dong)

Hainan|

* *Haikou
* Sanya
* Danzhou
* Sansha
* *Wuzhishan
* *Qionghai
* *Wenchang
* *Wanning
* *Dongfang
* *Ding'an County
* *Tunchang County
* *Chengmai County
* *Lingao County
* *Baisha County (Li)
* *Changjiang County (Li)
* *Ledong County (Li)
* *Lingshui County (Li)
* *Baoting County (Li and Miao)
* *Qiongzhong County (Li and Miao)

Hebei|

* *Shijiazhuang
* ✧Tangshan
* Qinhuangdao
* Handan
* Xingtai
* Baoding
* Zhangjiakou "Kalgan"
* Chengde
* Cangzhou
* Langfang
* Hengshui

Henan|

* *Zhengzhou
* Kaifeng
* Luoyang
* Pingdingshan
* Anyang
* Hebi
* Xinxiang
* Jiaozuo
* Puyang
* Xuchang
* Luohe
* Sanmenxia
* Nanyang
* Shangqiu
* Xinyang
* Zhoukou
* Zhumadian
* *Jiyuan

Hubei|

* *★Wuhan
* Huangshi
* Shiyan
* Yichang
* Xiangyang
* Ezhou
* Jingmen
* Xiaogan
* Jingzhou
* Huanggang
* Xianning
* Suizhou
* Enshi (Tujia and Miao)
* *Xiantao
* *Qianjiang
* *Tianmen
* *Shennongjia Forestry District

Heilongjiang|

* *★Harbin
* Qiqihar
* Jixi
* Hegang
* Shuangyashan
* Daqing
* Yichun
* Jiamusi
* Qitaihe
* Mudanjiang
* Heihe
* Suihua
* Daxing'anling Prefecture

Hunan|

* *Changsha
* Zhuzhou
* Xiangtan
* Hengyang
* Shaoyang
* Yueyang
* Changde
* Zhangjiajie
* Yiyang
* Chenzhou
* Yongzhou
* Huaihua
* Loudi
* Xiangxi (Tujia and Miao)

Jilin|

* *★Changchun
* Jilin
* Siping
* Liaoyuan
* Tonghua
* Baishan
* Songyuan
* Baicheng
* Yanbian (Korean)

Jiangsu|

* *★Nanjing
* Wuxi
* Xuzhou
* Changzhou
* ✧Suzhou
* Nantong
* Lianyungang
* Huai'an
* Yancheng
* Yangzhou
* Zhenjiang
* Taizhou
* Suqian

Jiangxi|

* *Nanchang
* Jingdezhen
* Pingxiang
* Jiujiang
* Xinyu
* Yingtan
* Ganzhou
* Ji'an
* Yichun
* Fuzhou
* Shangrao

Liaoning|

* *★Shenyang
* ★Dalian
* Anshan
* Fushun
* Benxi
* Dandong
* Jinzhou
* Yingkou
* Fuxin
* Liaoyang
* Panjin
* Tieling
* Chaoyang
* Huludao

Qinghai|

* *Xining
* Haidong
* Haibei (Tibetan)
* Huangnan (Tibetan)
* Hainan (Tibetan)
* Golog "Guolog" (Tibetan)
* Yushu (Tibetan)
* Haixi "Qaidam" (Mongol and Tibetan)

Sichuan|

* *★Chengdu
* Zigong
* Panzhihua
* Luzhou
* Deyang
* Mianyang
* Guangyuan
* Suining
* Neijiang
* Leshan
* Nanchong
* Meishan
* Yibin
* Guang'an
* Dazhou
* Bazhong
* Ziyang
* Ya'an
* Ngawa "Aba" (Tibetan and Qiang)
* Garzê "Ganzi" (Tibetan)
* Liangshan (Yi)

Shaanxi|

* *★Xi'an
* Tongchuan
* Baoji
* Xianyang
* Weinan
* Yan'an
* Hanzhong
* Yulin
* Ankang
* Shangluo

Shandong|

* *★Jinan
* ★Qingdao
* Zibo
* Zaozhuang
* Dongying
* Yantai
* Weifang
* Jining
* Tai'an
* Weihai
* Rizhao
* Linyi
* Dezhou
* Liaocheng
* Binzhou
* Heze

Shanxi|

* *Taiyuan
* Datong
* Yangquan
* Changzhi
* Jincheng
* Shuozhou
* Jinzhong
* Yuncheng
* Xinzhou
* Linfen
* Lüliang

Taiwan|

* *Taibei
* Gaoxiong
* Xinbei
* Taizhong
* Tainan
* Taoyuan

Yunnan|

* *Kunming
* Qujing
* Yuxi
* Baoshan
* Zhaotong
* Lijiang
* Pu'er
* Lincang
* Chuxiong (Yi)
* Honghe (Hani and Yi)
* Wenshan (Zhuang and Miao)
* Xishuangbanna (Dai)
* Dali (Bai)
* Dehong (Dai and Jingpo)
* Nujiang (Lisu)
* Dêqên (Tibetan)

Zhejiang|

* *★Hangzhou
* ★Ningbo
* ✧Wenzhou
* Jiaxing
* Huzhou
* Shaoxing
* Jinhua
* Quzhou
* Zhoushan
* Taizhou
* Lishui

Autonomous
regions|

| Guangxi|

* *Nanning
* Liuzhou
* Guilin
* Wuzhou
* Beihai
* Fangchenggang
* Qinzhou
* Guigang
* Yulin
* Baise
* Hezhou
* Hechi
* Laibin
* Chongzuo

|

Ningxia|

* *Yinchuan
* Shizuishan
* Wuzhong
* Guyuan
* Zhongwei

Inner
Mongolia|

* *Hohhot
* ✧Baotou
* Wuhai
* Chifeng "Ulankhad"
* Tongliao
* Ordos
* Hulunbuir
* Bayannur "Bayannao'er"
* Ulanqab
* Hinggan League
* Xilingol League
* Alxa League "Ālāshàn League"

Xinjiang|

* *Ürümqi
* Karamay
* Turpan
* Hami
* Changji (Hui)
* Bortala (Mongol)
* Bayingolin (Mongol)
* Kizilsu (Kyrgyz)
* ( ☆Ili (Kazakh)
* Tacheng Prefecture
* Altay Prefecture )
* Aksu Prefecture
* Kashgar "Kashi" Prefecture
* Hotan Prefecture
* *Shihezi
* *Aral
* *Tumxuk
* *Wujiaqu
* *Beitun
* *Tiemenguan
* *Shuanghe
* *Kokdala
* *Kunyu
* *Huyanghe
* *Xinxing

Tibet|

* *Lhasa
* Shigatse "Xigazê"
* Chamdo "Qamdo"
* Nyingchi "Linzhi"
* Shannan
* Nagqu
* Ngari Prefecture

| Direct-administered municipalities|

* Beijing
* Tianjin
* Shanghai
* Chongqing

|

Special administrative regions|

* Hong Kong
* Macau

See also: List of prefectures in China, List of cities in China

* v
* t
* e

Metropolitan cities of China

Major metropolitan regions

* Jing-Jin-Ji (BJ-TJ-HE)
* Greater Bay Area
* Yangtze Delta (SH-JS-ZJ)
* Zhongyuan
* Chengyu
* Cross-Strait Western Coast
* Guanzhong
* Mid-Southern Liaoning
* Shandong Peninsula
* Yangtze River Midstream (Yangtze River Valley)

Major cities

| National Central Cities|

* Beijinga
* Chongqinga
* Guangzhoub2
* Shanghaia2
* Tianjina2

|

Special administrative regions|

* Hong Kong
* Macau

Regional Central Cities|

* Chengdub
* Nanjingb
* Shenyangb
* Shenzhenc1
* Wuhanb
* Xi'anb

Sub-provincial cities|

* Changchunb
* Chengdub
* Dalianc2
* Guangzhoub2
* Hangzhoub
* Harbinb
* Jinanb
* Nanjingb
* Ningboc2
* Qingdaoc2
* Shenyangb
* Shenzhenc1
* Wuhanb
* Xiamenc1
* Xi'anb

Provincial capitals
(Prefecture-level)|

* Changsha
* Fuzhou2
* Guiyang
* Haikou
* Hefei
* Kunming
* Lanzhou
* Nanchang
* Shijiazhuang
* Taiyuan
* Xining
* Zhengzhou
* Taibei5

Autonomous regional capitals|

* Hohhot
* Lhasa
* Nanning
* Ürümqi
* Yinchuan

Comparatively large cities|

* Anshan
* Baotou
* Benxi
* Datong
* Fushun
* Jiujiang
* Handan
* Huainan
* Jilin
* Luoyang
* Qiqihar
* Suzhou
* Tangshan
* Wuxi
* Xuzhou
* Zibo

Prefecture-level cities by province

| Hebei|

* Shijiazhuang*
* Tangshan*
* Qinhuangdao2
* Handan*
* Xingtai
* Baoding
* Zhangjiakou
* Chengde
* Cangzhou
* Langfang
* Hengshui

|

Shanxi|

* Taiyuan*
* Datong*
* Yangquan
* Changzhi
* Jincheng
* Shuozhou
* Jinzhong
* Yuncheng
* Xinzhou
* Linfen
* Lüliang

Inner Mongolia|

* Hohhot*
* Baotou*
* Wuhai
* Chifeng
* Tongliao
* Ordos
* Hulunbuir
* Bayannur
* Ulanqab

Liaoning|

* Shenyang*
* Dalian*
* Anshan*
* Fushun*
* Benxi*
* Dandong
* Jinzhou
* Yingkou
* Fuxin
* Liaoyang
* Panjin
* Tieling
* Chaoyang
* Huludao

Jilin|

* Changchun*
* Jilin
* Siping
* Liaoyuan
* Tonghua
* Baishan
* Songyuan
* Baicheng

Heilongjiang|

* Harbin*
* Qiqihar*
* Jixi
* Hegang
* Shuangyashan
* Daqing
* Yīchun
* Jiamusi
* Qitaihe
* Mudanjiang
* Heihe
* Suihua

Jiangsu|

* Nanjing*
* Wuxi*
* Xuzhou*
* Changzhou
* Suzhou*
* Nantong
* Lianyungang2
* Huai'an
* Yancheng
* Yangzhou
* Zhenjiang
* Tàizhou
* Suqian

Zhejiang|

* Hangzhou*
* Ningbo*
* Wenzhou2
* Jiaxing
* Huzhou
* Shaoxing
* Jinhua
* Quzhou
* Zhoushan
* Tāizhou
* Lishui

Anhui|

* Hefei*
* Wuhu
* Bengbu
* Huainan*
* Ma'anshan
* Huaibei
* Tongling
* Anqing
* Huangshan
* Chuzhou
* Fuyang
* Sùzhou
* Lu'an
* Bozhou
* Chizhou
* Xuancheng

Fujian|

* Fuzhou*
* Xiamen*
* Putian
* Sanming
* Quanzhou
* Zhangzhou
* Nanping
* Longyan
* Ningde

Jiangxi|

* Nanchang*
* Jingdezhen
* Pingxiang
* Jiujiang
* Xinyu
* Yingtan
* Ganzhou
* Ji'an
* Yíchun
* Fǔzhou
* Shangrao

Shandong|

* Jinan*
* Qingdao*
* Zibo*
* Zaozhuang
* Dongying
* Yantai2
* Weifang
* Jining
* Tai'an
* Weihai
* Rizhao
* Laiwu
* Linyi
* Dezhou
* Liaocheng
* Binzhou
* Heze

Henan|

* Zhengzhou*
* Kaifeng
* Luoyang*
* Pingdingshan
* Anyang
* Hebi
* Xinxiang
* Jiaozuo
* Puyang
* Xuchang
* Luohe
* Sanmenxia
* Nanyang
* Shangqiu
* Xinyang
* Zhoukou
* Zhumadian

Hubei|

* Wuhan*
* Huangshi
* Shiyan
* Yichang
* Xiangyang
* Ezhou
* Jingmen
* Xiaogan
* Jinzhou
* Huanggang
* Xianning
* Suizhou

Hunan|

* Changsha*
* Zhuzhou
* Xiangtan
* Hengyang
* Shaoyang
* Yueyang
* Changde
* Zhangjiajie
* Yiyang
* Chenzhou
* Yongzhou
* Huaihua
* Loudi

Guangdong|

* Guangzhou*
* Shaoguan
* Shenzhen*
* Zhuhai1
* Shantou1
* Foshan
* Jiangmen
* Zhanjiang2
* Maoming
* Zhaoqing
* Huizhou
* Meizhou
* Shanwei
* Heyuan
* Yangjiang
* Qingyuan
* Dongguan
* Zhongshan
* Chaozhou
* Jieyang
* Yunfu

Guangxi|

* Nanning*
* Liuzhou
* Guilin
* Wuzhou
* Beihai2
* Fangchenggang
* Qinzhou
* Guigang
* Yùlin
* Baise
* Hezhou
* Hechi
* Laibin
* Chongzuo

Hainan1|

* Haikou*
* Sanya
* Sansha4
* Danzhou

Sichuan|

* Chengdu*
* Zigong
* Panzhihua
* Luzhou
* Deyang
* Mianyang
* Guangyuan
* Suining
* Neijiang
* Leshan
* Nanchong
* Meishan
* Yibin
* Guang'an
* Dazhou
* Ya'an
* Bazhong
* Ziyang

Guizhou|

* Guiyang*
* Liupanshui
* Zunyi
* Anshun
* Bijie
* Tongren

Yunnan|

* Kunming*
* Qujing
* Yuxi
* Baoshan
* Zhaotong
* Lijiang
* Pu'er
* Lincang

Tibet|

* Lhasa*
* Shigatse
* Chamdo
* Nyingchi
* Shannan

Shaanxi|

* Xi'an*
* Tongchuan
* Baoji
* Xianyang
* Weinan
* Yan'an
* Hanzhong
* Yúlin
* Ankang
* Shangluo

Gansu|

* Lanzhou*
* Jiayuguan
* Jinchang
* Baiyin
* Tianshui
* Wuwei
* Zhangye
* Pingliang
* Jiuquan
* Qingyang
* Dingxi
* Longnan

Qinghai|

* Xining*
* Haidong

Ningxia|

* Yinchuan*
* Shizuishan
* Wuzhong
* Guyuan
* Zhongwei

Xinjiang|

* Ürümqi*
* Karamay
* Turpan
* Hami

Taiwan5|

* (none)

Other cities (partly shown below)

| Prefecture-level capitals
(County-level)|

* (Inner Mongolia: Ulanhot
* Xilinhot)
* Jiagedaqi3, Heilongjiang
* Enshi, Hubei
* Jishou, Hunan
* (Sichuan：Xichang
* Kangding
* Barkam)
* (Guizhou: Xingyi
* Kaili
* Duyun)
* (Yunnan: Chuxiong
* Mengzi
* Wenshan
* Jinghong
* Dali
* Mangshi
* Shangri-La
* Lushui)
* (Gansu: Linxia
* Hezuo)
* (Qinghai: Yushu
* Delingha)
* (Xinjiang: Changji
* Bole
* Korla
* Yining
* Artush
* Aksu
* Kashgar1
* Hotan
* Tacheng
* Altay)

|

Province-governed cities
(Sub-prefecture-level)|

* Jiyuan, Henan
* (Hubei: Xiantao
* Qiánjiang
* Tianmen
* Shennongjia)
* (Hainan1: Wuzhishan
* Qionghai
* Wenchang
* Wanning
* Dongfang)
* (Xinjiang \- XPCC(Bingtuan) cities: Shihezi
* Aral
* Tumxuk
* Wujiaqu
* Beitun
* Tiemenguan
* Shuanghe
* Kokdala
* Kunyu)

Former Prefecture-level cities|

* Chaohu, Anhui
* Yumen，Gansu
* Dongchuan, Yunnan
* Shashi, Hubei
* (Sichuan: Fuling
* Wanxian)
* (Jilin: Meihekou
* Gongzhuling)

Sub-prefecture-level cities
(Prefecture-governed)|

* Qian'an, Hebei
* Manzhouli, Inner Mongolia
* Erenhot, Inner Mongolia
* Golmud, Qinghai

County-level cities by province

| Hebei|

* Xinji
* Jinzhou
* Xinle
* Zunhua
* Qian'an*
* Wu'an
* Nangong
* Shahe
* Zhuozhou
* Dingzhou
* Anguo
* Gaobeidian
* Botou
* Renqiu
* Huanghua
* Hejian
* Bazhou
* Sanhe
* Shenzhou

|

Shanxi|

* Gujiao
* Lucheng
* Gaoping
* Jiexiu
* Yongji
* Hejin
* Yuanping
* Houma
* Huozhou
* Xiaoyi
* Fenyang

Inner Mongolia|

* Holingol
* Manzhouli*
* Yakeshi
* Zhalantun
* Ergun
* Genhe
* Fengzhen
* Ulanhot*
* Arxan
* Erenhot*
* Xilinhot*

Liaoning|

* Xinmin
* Wafangdian
* Zhuanghe
* Haicheng
* Donggang
* Fengcheng
* Linghai
* Beizhen
* Gaizhou
* Dashiqiao
* Dengta
* Diaobingshan
* Kaiyuan
* Beipiao
* Lingyuan
* Xingcheng

Jilin|

* Yushu
* Dehui
* Jiaohe
* Huadian
* Shulan
* Panshi
* Gongzhuling
* Shuangliao
* Meihekou
* Ji'an
* Linjiang
* Fuyu
* Taonan
* Da'an
* Yanji
* Tumen
* Dunhua
* Hunchun
* Longjing
* Helong

Heilongjiang|

* Shangzhi
* Wuchang
* Nehe
* Hulin
* Mishan
* Tieli
* Tongjiang
* Fujin
* Fuyuan
* Suifenhe
* Hailin
* Ning'an
* Muling
* Dongning
* Bei'an
* Wudalianchi
* Anda
* Zhaodong
* Hailun

Jiangsu|

* Jiangyin
* Yixing
* Xinyi
* Pizhou
* Liyang
* Changshu
* Zhangjiagang
* Kunshan
* Taicang
* Qidong
* Rugao
* Haimen
* Dongtai
* Yizheng
* Gaoyou
* Danyang
* Yangzhong
* Jurong
* Jingjiang
* Taixing
* Xinghua

Zhejiang|

* Jiande
* Lin'an
* Yuyao
* Cixi
* Fenghua
* Rui'an
* Yueqing
* Haining
* Pinghu
* Tongxiang
* Zhuji
* Shengzhou
* Lanxi
* Yiwu
* Dongyang
* Yongkang
* Jiangshan
* Wenling
* Linhai
* Longquan

Anhui|

* Chaohu
* Jieshou
* Tongcheng
* Tianchang
* Mingguang
* Ningguo

Fujian|

* Fuqing
* Changle
* Yong'an
* Shishi
* Jinjiang
* Nan'an
* Longhai
* Shaowu
* Wuyishan
* Jian'ou
* Zhangping
* Fu'an
* Fuding

Jiangxi|

* Leping
* Ruichang
* Gongqingcheng
* Lushan
* Guixi
* Ruijin
* Jinggangshan
* Fengcheng
* Zhangshu
* Gao'an
* Dexing

Shandong|

* Zhangqiu
* Jiaozhou
* Jimo
* Pingdu
* Laixi
* Tengzhou
* Longkou
* Laiyang
* Laizhou
* Penglai
* Zhaoyuan
* Qixia
* Haiyang
* Qingzhou
* Zhucheng
* Shouguang
* Anqiu
* Gaomi
* Changyi
* Qufu
* Zoucheng
* Xintai
* Feicheng
* Rongcheng
* Rushan
* Laoling
* Yucheng
* Linqing

Henan|

* Gongyi
* Xingyang
* Xinmi
* Xinzheng
* Dengfeng
* Yanshi
* Wugang
* Ruzhou
* Linzhou
* Weihui
* Huixian
* Qinyang
* Mengzhou
* Yuzhou
* Changge
* Yima
* Lingbao
* Dengzhou
* Yongcheng
* Xiangcheng
* Jiyuan*

Hubei|

* Daye
* Danjiangkou
* Yidu
* Dangyang
* Zhijiang
* Laohekou
* Zaoyang
* Yicheng
* Zhongxiang
* Yingcheng
* Anlu
* Hanchuan
* Shishou
* Honghu
* Songzi
* Macheng
* Wuxue
* Chibi
* Guangshui
* Enshi*
* Lichuan
* Xiantao*
* Qianjiang*
* Tianmen*

Hunan|

* Liuyang
* Liling
* Xiangxiang
* Shaoshan
* Leiyang
* Changning
* Wugang
* Miluo
* Linxiang
* Jinshi
* Yuanjiang
* Zixing
* Hongjiang
* Lengshuijiang
* Lianyuan
* Jishou*

Guangdong|

* Lechang
* Nanxiong
* Taishan
* Kaiping
* Heshan
* Enping
* Lianjiang
* Leizhou
* Wuchuan
* Gaozhou
* Huazhou
* Xinyi
* Sihui
* Xingning
* Lufeng
* Yangchun
* Yingde
* Lianzhou
* Puning
* Luoding

Guangxi|

* Cenxi
* Dongxing
* Guiping
* Beiliu
* Jingxi
* Yizhou
* Heshan
* Pingxiang

Hainan|

* Wuzhishan*
* Qionghai*
* Wenchang*
* Wanning*
* Dongfang*

Sichuan|

* Dujiangyan
* Pengzhou
* Qionglai
* Chongzhou
* Jianyang
* Guanghan
* Shifang
* Mianzhu
* Jiangyou
* Emeishan
* Langzhong
* Huaying
* Wanyuan
* Barkam*
* Kangding*
* Xichang*

Guizhou|

* Qingzhen
* Chishui
* Renhuai
* Xingyi*
* Kaili*
* Duyun*
* Fuquan

Yunnan|

* Anning
* Xuanwei
* Tengchong
* Chuxiong*
* Mengzi*
* Gejiu
* Kaiyuan
* Mile
* Wenshan*
* Jinghong*
* Dali*
* Ruili
* Mangshi*
* Lushui*
* Shangri-La*

Tibet|

* (none)

Shaanxi|

* Xingping
* Hancheng
* Huayin

Gansu|

* Yumen
* Dunhuang
* Linxia*
* Hezuo*

Qinghai|

* Yushu*
* Golmud*
* Delingha*

Ningxia|

* Lingwu
* Qingtongxia

Xinjiang|

* Changji*
* Fukang
* Bole*
* Alashankou
* Korla*
* Aksu*
* Artush*
* Kashgar*
* Hotan*
* Yining*
* Kuytun
* Korgas
* Tacheng*
* Wusu
* Altay*
* Shihezi*
* Aral*
* Tumxuk*
* Wujiaqu*
* Beitun*
* Tiemenguan*
* Shuanghe*
* Kokdala*
* Kunyu*

Taiwan5|

* (none)

Notes

* Indicates this city has already occurred above.

aDirect-administered municipalities. bSub-provincial cities as provincial capitals. cSeparate state-planning cities. 1Special economic-zone cities. 2Open coastal cities.
3Prefecture capital status established by Heilongjiang Province and not recognized by Ministry of Civil Affairs. Disputed by Oroqen Autonomous Banner, Hulunbuir, Inner Mongolia as part of it.
4Only administers islands and waters in South China Sea and have no urban core comparable to typical cities in China.
5The claimed province of Taiwan no longer have any internal division announced by Ministry of Civil Affairs of PRC, due to lack of actual jurisdiction. See Template:Administrative divisions of Taiwan instead.

All provincial capitals are listed first in prefecture-level cities by province.

Authority control databases

International|

* VIAF
* 2

National|

* Germany
* United States
* 2
* Japan
* Korea
* Israel

Geographic|

* MusicBrainz area

*[lit.]: Literal translation
*[v]: View this template
*[t]: Discuss this template
*[e]: Edit this template