Apollinaire Bouchardat

Apollinaire Bouchardat (July 23, 1809 – April 7, 1886) was a French pharmacist and hygienist born in L'Isle-sur-Serein.

## Biography

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He studied at the Ecole de pharmacie de Paris and the Muséum d'Histoire Naturelle, and later became chief pharmacist at the Hôtel-Dieu de Paris, where he worked for much of his career. In the mid-1850s he became professor of hygiene at the Faculté de médecine.

Among his written works was the popular "Nouveau Formulaire Magistral", a formulary that was published over many editions. It contained information about health spas and pharmaceutical formulae that included natural cures and remedies for all types of ailments. Beginning in 1840, he was editor of the journal "Annuaire de thérapeutique, de matière médicale de pharmacie et de toxicologie".[1]

In 1877, with Alexandre Lacassagne and Émile Vallin, he was a founding member of the "Société de Médecine publique et d'Hygiène professionnelle"[2][3][4]

## Diabetes

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Bouchardat is often credited as the founder of diabetology, and was a major figure involving dietetic therapy for treatment of diabetes prior to the advent of insulin therapy. He recognized that fasting was a method to reduce glycosuria, and speculated that the principal cause of diabetes was located in the pancreas. In the treatment of the disease, he stressed the importance of exercise, and developed a procedure for self-testing urine to determine the presence of glucose. Bouchardat developed a low-carbohydrate diet for his diabetic patients.[5]

Bouchardat's low-carbohydrate diet included high amounts of fat and protein, a bottle of red wine, days of complete fasting and outside exercise.[6] He suggested that once all carbohydrates had been removed from the diet they could be partially reintroduced after the disappearance of glycosuria which could be detected alone by patients tasting their own urine.[6]

## Associated eponym

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* "Bouchardat's treatment": Treatment of diabetes mellitus by use of a low-carbohydrate diet.

## Principal works

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* Manuel de matière médicale de thérapeutique et de pharmacie, (1838, fifth edition 1873) – Materia medica manual of therapeutics and pharmacy.
* Eléments de matière médicale et de pharmacie (Paris 1839) – Elements of materia medica and pharmacy.
* Nouveau formulaire magistral, etc. (1840, 19th edition 1874).
* De la glycosurie ou Diabète sucré son traitement hygiénique, Paris, (1875, second edition 1883) – On glycosuria or diabetes mellitus and its hygienic treatment.
* Traité d'hygiène publique et privée basée sur l'etiology, 1881 – Treatise on public and private hygiene, based on etiology.[1]

## References

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Wikimedia Commons has media related to Apollinaire Bouchardat.

1. ^ a b Pagel: Biographical Dictionary outstanding doctors of the nineteenth century. Berlin, Vienna 1901, 218-219 Sp biology
2. ^ L. Vaillard, Agathe Floderer, Alexandre Wauthier. "Vallin Émile Arthur". cths.fr (in French). Comité des travaux historiques et scientifiques. Retrieved 11 February 2021.`{{cite web}}`: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
3. ^ Bornarel, Laure (17 August 2007). "Alexandre Lacassagne, précurseur en médecine légale". Millénaire 3 (in French). Lyon: Direction de la Prospective et du Dialogue Public. Retrieved 12 February 2021.
4. ^ "Notre histoire". www.sfsp.fr (in French). Société Française de Santé Publique. Retrieved 2021-02-12.
5. ^ Harris, Randall E. (2013). Epidemiology of Chronic Disease: Global Perspectives. John & Barlett Learning. p. 376. ISBN 978-1-4496-5328-6
6. ^ a b Jörgens V, Porta M. (2020). Unveiling Diabetes: Historical Milestones in Diabetology. Karger. p. 11. ISBN 978-3-318-06733-0

* NCBI Apollinaire Bouchardat, pharmacist, nutritionist.

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Low-carbohydrate diets

| Advocates|

| Contemporary|

* Dave Asprey
* Richard K. Bernstein
* Jorge Cruise
* William Davis
* Maryanne Demasi
* Pierre Dukan
* Michael Eades
* Andreas Eenfeldt
* Jason Fung
* David Gillespie
* Steven Gundry
* Mark Hyman
* Ronald Krauss
* Frank Lipman
* David Ludwig
* Max Lugavere
* Robert Lustig
* Aseem Malhotra
* Tim Noakes
* Mauro Di Pasquale
* David Perlmutter
* Fred Pescatore
* Barry Sears
* Gary Taubes
* Jeff Volek
* Terry Wahls

|

Historical|

* Frederick Madison Allen
* Robert Atkins
* William Banting
* James Lomax Bardsley
* Franklin Bicknell
* Apollinaire Bouchardat
* Jean Anthelme Brillat-Savarin
* Lauder Brunton
* Arnaldo Cantani
* Eustace Chesser
* Blake F. Donaldson
* Dan Duchaine
* Wilhelm Ebstein
* Mary G. Enig
* Carlton Fredericks
* John M. Freeman
* Vince Gironda
* Francis W. E. Hare
* Hal Huggins
* Kenneth C. Hutchin
* Elliott P. Joslin
* Lelord Kordel
* John Latham
* Victor Lindlahr
* John Fletcher Little
* Richard Mackarness
* Michel Montignac
* Michael Mosley
* Bernhard Naunyn
* Louis Harry Newburgh
* Felix von Niemeyer
* William Heneage Ogilvie
* Frederick William Pavy
* Mynie Gustav Peterman
* Karl Petrén
* Charles Poliquin
* John Rollo
* James H. Salisbury
* Benjamin P. Sandler
* Vilhjalmur Stefansson
* Herman Taller
* Herman Tarnower
* Vance Thompson
* Walter L. Voegtlin
* Russell Morse Wilder
* Rollin Turner Woodyatt
* Cecil Webb-Johnson
* Isaac Burney Yeo
* John Yudkin

Diets|

| Contemporary|

* Bulletproof diet
* Carnivore diet
* Dukan Diet
* Hamptons Diet
* KE diet
* Ketogenic diet
* Lectin-free diet
* Modified Atkins diet
* Pioppi Diet
* Protein Power
* Rosedale diet
* South Beach Diet
* Sugar Busters!
* The 4-Hour Body
* The Cruise Control Diet
* Wahls Protocol Diet
* Wheat Belly diet
* Zone diet

|

Historical|

* Atkins diet
* Banting diet
* Calories Don't Count
* Drinking Man's Diet
* Eat and Grow Thin
* Grapefruit diet
* Hal Huggins diet
* Kimkins
* Kordel diet
* Montignac diet
* Salisbury diet
* Scarsdale diet
* Slimming for the Million
* Stillman diet
* Strong Medicine

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