Aras Valley campaign

Campaign in the 2020 Nagorno-Karabakh war

Parts of this article (those related to Casualties) need to be updated. Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information. (November 2020)

|

Aras Valley campaign

Part of the Second Nagorno-Karabakh War

Map of the campaign as of 29 October 2020

* * *

(For a more detailed map, see military situation in the 2020 Nagorno-Karabakh war)
| Date| First phase:
27 September 2020 (2020-09-27) – 22 October 2020 (2020-10-22)
(3 weeks and 4 days)
Second phase:
22 October 2020 (2020-10-22) – 10 November 2020 (2020-11-10)
(2 weeks and 5 days)

|

Location|

Armenian-occupied territories surrounding Nagorno-Karabakh, Azerbaijan–Iran border

Status|  Azerbaijani victory
Territorial
changes|  Azerbaijani forces take control of large chunks of Fuzuli, Jabrayil, and Zangilan districts, and full control of the Azerbaijan–Iran border
Belligerents
Azerbaijan|

* Artsakh
* Armenia

Commanders and leaders

* Mais Barkhudarov[1]
* Elchin Guliyev[2]
* Ilham Mehdiyev[3]
* Shukur Hamidov
* Hikmat Mirzayev[4]

* Ararat Melkumyan[5]
* David Grigoryan[6]
* Yuri Alaverdyan[7]

Units involved

Azerbaijani Armed Forces

* Azerbaijani Land Forces
* 2nd Corps[8][9]
* Special Forces[4]
* Azerbaijani Navy
* Marine Infantry Battalion[10]
* Azerbaijani Air Forces[11]

State Border Service[2]|  Artsakh Defence Army
Armed Forces of Armenia
National Security Service[12]
Strength

Unknown regular military

Units:

* Unknown number of Bayraktar TB2[13]
* Unknown number of IAI Harop[14]
* Unknown number of Orbiter 1K[15]

|  Unknown regular military
Casualties and losses

Per Azerbaijan:

* Unspecified[16]

* * *

Per Armenia:

* Unspecified

Per Armenia:

* Unspecified

* * *

Per Azerbaijan:[17]

* At least 40 servicemen killed

Units:

* 7+ tanks destroyed
* 6+ other vehicles destroyed
* 4+ BM-21 Grad destroyed
* 1+ D-30 howitzer destroyed
* 3+ Tor-M2KM destroyed
* 2+ UAVs downed
* 2 Su-25s downed
* Many tanks and IFVs captured

1 Azerbaijani civilian killed[18]
6 Azerbaijani civilian injured[18]

* v
* t
* e

Second Nagorno-Karabakh War

Offensives and battles

* Madagiz
* Hadrut
* Aras Valley
* Lachin
* Shusha

Bombings and shelling attacks

* Stepanakert
* Martuni
* Tartar
* Ganja
* Ghazanchetsots Cathedral
* Barda
* Russian Mil Mi-24 shootdown

The Aras Valley campaign[19][20][a] (Azerbaijani: Araz vadisi əməliyyatları, Armenian: Արասի հովտի արշավ, romanized: Arasi hovti arshav) was a military operation launched by Azerbaijan against the breakaway Republic of Artsakh along the Aras River in the Azerbaijan–Iran border during the Second Nagorno-Karabakh War.

The operations started on 27 September, with Azerbaijani advancements in Jabrayil and Fuzuli districts, with the initial objective to seize control of Jabrayil and Füzuli.[23] On 9 October, both sides agreed to a temporary humanitarian ceasefire. After the declared ceasefire, the President of Artsakh admitted Azerbaijan had been able to achieve some success, moving the front deep into Artsakh territory;[24] the Armenian Prime Minister announced that Armenian forces had conducted a "partial retreat".[25]

However, the ceasefire quickly broke down and the Azerbaijani advance continued. Within days Azerbaijan announced the capture of dozens of villages.[26] The Azerbaijani forces, advancing more along the Aras River, captured the Khodaafarin Bridges and the nearby dam.[27] On 20 October, the Azerbaijani forces took control of Zangilan,[28] and on 22 October, Ağbənd, thus taking full control over the Azerbaijan–Iran border.[29]

## Background

[edit]

Further information: Second Nagorno-Karabakh War

The territories along the Aras River have a less mountainous terrain in contrast to the Nagorno-Karabakh's northern and central territories

The disputed region of Nagorno-Karabakh, with its ethnic Armenian majority,[30][31][32][33] was a de jure part of Azerbaijan, but was de facto held almost entirely by the self-proclaimed Republic of Artsakh, which is supported by Armenia.[34] On 20 February 1988, the Soviet of the Nagorno-Karabakh Autonomous Oblast passed a resolution requesting transfer of the oblast from the Azerbaijan SSR to the Armenia SSR; Azerbaijan rejected the request several times. Following the revoking of Nagorno-Karabakh's autonomous status, a referendum was held on 10 December 1991 in the region; it was boycotted by the Azerbaijani population which then constituted around 22.8%: 99.8% voted in favor. Both Armenia and Azerbaijan then became fully independent of the Soviet Union in 1991.[35]

The First Nagorno-Karabakh War resulted in the displacement of 750,000 Azerbaijanis overall, with roughly 600,000 of them being from Nagorno-Karabakh and the seven surrounding districts, which were majority-Azeri, essentially cleansing all of the occupied territories from its Azerbaijani inhabitants.[36] Similarly, 353,000 Armenians had to flee from Azerbaijan.[37][36] The war ended with a ceasefire in 1994, with the Republic of Artsakh controlling most of the Nagorno-Karabakh region, as well as the surrounding districts of Agdam, Jabrayil, Fuzuli, Kalbajar, Qubadli, Lachin and Zangilan of Azerbaijan.[38]

For three decades, multiple violations of the ceasefire had occurred, the most serious incidents prior to the Second Nagorno-Karabakh War being a four-day escalation in 2016.[39] Long-standing international mediation attempts to create a peace process were initiated by the OSCE Minsk Group in 1994, with the interrupted Madrid Principles being the most recent iteration.[40][41][42] While it is unclear how the present inhabitants of the area want to administer the territory, surveys indicate that they do not want to be part of Azerbaijan. In August 2019, in an unprecedented declaration in favour of unification, the Armenian Prime Minister, Nikol Pashinyan, visited Nagorno-Karabakh, stating, "Artsakh is Armenia, full stop".[37]

Skirmishes occurred on the border between Armenia and Azerbaijan in July 2020.[39] Thousands of Azerbaijanis demonstrated for war against Armenia in response, with Turkey propagandising in support of Azerbaijan.[43]

## The campaign

[edit]

A destroyed bus stop in Jabrayil, 2014. The Azerbaijani president stated that Azerbaijan had taken control of the city on 4 October.

On 27 September the Azerbaijani MoD stated it had taken Qaraxanbəyli, Qərvənd, Kənd Horadiz and Yuxarı Əbdürrəhmanlı in Fuzuli, Böyük Mərcanlı and Nüzgər in Jabrayil.[44][45] Next day, the Armenian MoD stated that the Azerbaijani forces had launched a new major offensive operation in the Aras Valley.[46] The following day, the Azerbaijani MoD then stated that its offensive on Fuzuli City continued from the early morning.[47] On 30 September, the Azerbaijani MoD stated that Azerbaijani forces had shelled the 4th Armenian Battalion, stationed in Fuzuli District.[48] Next day, the Azerbaijani MoD stated that Jabrayil and Fuzuli Districts were being rocketed from Goris, in Armenia.[49]

On 3 October, tense clashes took place along the Aras Valley.[50][51] In the evening, President of Azerbaijan, Ilham Aliyev, stated that the Azerbaijani forces had taken control of Mehdili, Çaxırlı, Aşağı Maralyan, Şəybəy and Quycaq in Jabrayil, and Aşağı Əbdürrəhmanlı in Fuzuli.[52] The following day, the Azerbaijani MoD stated that Armenian forces were shelling Fuzuli District.[53] In the evening, Azerbaijani President Aliyev stated that the Azerbaijani forces had taken control of the city of Jabrayil,[54] as well as Karxulu, Şükürbəyli, Çərəkən, Daşgəsən, Horovlu, Mahmudlu, Cəfərabad, Yuxarı Maralyan, and Decal in Jabrayil District.[55] On 5 and 6 October, the Azerbaijani forces launched another offensive in the Jabrayil District.[56][57][58] On 7 October, the Azerbaijani MoD stated that the Azerbaijani forces were in control of Jabrayil District.[59] It also released footage apparently showing Azerbaijani forces in Şükürbəyli.[60] Then, the Azerbaijani MoD stated that Armenian forces were shelling villages in Fuzuli and Jabrayil Districts,[61] also that the Armenian forces were firing upon villages in Fuzuli District.[62]

Ruins of Fuzuli in 2014. On 17 October, Azerbaijani President Ilham Aliyev stated that Azerbaijani forces had taken control of the city.

Just before 04:00 (00:00 GMT) on October 10, Russia reported that both Armenia and Azerbaijan had agreed on a humanitarian ceasefire after 10 hours of talks in Moscow (the Moscow Statement) and announced that both would enter "substantive" talks.[63][64] Hostilities were formally halted at 12:00 (08:00 GMT), to allow an exchange of prisoners and the recovery of the dead, facilitated by the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC).[64][65] But violations of the ceasefire were persistent, leading to the ICRC halting attempts to recover the dead and exchange wounded and prisoners,[66] as well as prompting fears of a humanitarian crisis.[67]

Armenia and Azerbaijan accused each other of bombarding civilian settlements prior to the ceasefire, with both sides denying the other's accusations.[68][69] Each side also accused the other of breaking the ceasefire.[69][70] Clashes broke out soon afterward, with Azerbaijan moving deeper into the conflict zone.[71] The Azerbaijani president stated that Azerbaijani forces had retaliated for the ballistic missile attacks on Ganja by seizing control of Fuzuli and nearby villages but also called for immediate international intervention.[72]

On 14 October Azerbaijan claimed control over Qaradağlı, Xatınbulaq, and Qarakollu in Fuzuli District.[73] The next day, the Azerbaijan MOD stated its forces had seized control of Arış in Fuzuli District.[74] Two days later, the Azerbaijani MOD claimed to have downed an Armenian SU-25,[75] and to have retaken Füzuli and several villages.[72] Armenia denied losing a warplane.[76] On 18 October, the Azerbaijani MoD claimed to have downed an Armenian Su-25 warplane, which it stated had been attacking towards Jabrayil; Armenia issued a denial.[77] At approximately 19:00, Azerbaijani forces released a footage from Fuzuli.[78] The Azerbaijani president stated that the Azerbaijani forces had captured the Khodaafarin Bridges and Dam.[27]

On 18 October, Azerbaijani forces took control of Khodaafarin Bridges and the dam nearby.

On 20 October, clashes intensified near Zəngilan,[79][80] involving Azerbaijani offensives.[81] The Azerbaijani President stated that Azerbaijani forces had claimed Zəngilan, the administrative center of Zangilan District,[82] and Havalı, Zərnəli, Məmmədbəyli, Həkəri, Şarifan, and Muğanlı in Zangilan District.[83] Soon after, the Azerbaijani MoD formally released footage showing Zəngilan,[84] and "BBC Russian Service" confirmed Azerbaijan's statements.[28] In turn, the Armenian MoD stated that Azerbaijani forces were retreating along the Aras River;[85] Azerbaijan issued a denial.[86] The next day, clashes further intensified, specifically in Zangilan.[87] The President of Azerbaijan, Ilham Aliyev stated that the Azerbaijani forces had seized control of Mincivan town and villages of Gecəgözlü, Aşağı Seyidəhmədli, and Zərgər in Fuzuli, Bələnd, Papı, Tulus, Hacılı, and Tinli in Jabrayil, and Xurama, Xumarlı, Sarıl, Babaylı, Üçüncü Ağalı, Hacallı, Qıraq Müşlan, Üdgün, Turabad, İçəri Müşlan, Məlikli, Cahangirbəyli, and Baharlı in Zangilan districts.[88]

On 22 October, clashes continued in Zəngilan.[89] At approximately 17:30, the President of Azerbaijan stated that the Azerbaijani forces had seized control of Mollavəli, Yuxarı Rəfədinli, and Aşağı Rəfədinli in Fuzuli, and Sirik, Şıxlar, Məstalıbəyli, and Dərzili in Jabrayil districts.[90] In addition, he stated that Azerbaijani forces had claimed Kolluqışlaq, Malatkeşin, Kənd Zəngilan, Genlik, Vəliqulubəyli, Qaradərə, Çöpədərə, Tatar, Tiri, Əmirxanlı, Qarqulu, Bartaz, Dəlləkli, and Ağbənd in Zangilan District, releasing confirmary footage.[29] According to Aliyev, with this, Azerbaijani forces had secured control over the Azerbaijan–Iran border.[91] Armenia issued a denial[92] and stated that heavy clashes took place near Qacar in Fuzuli.[93] The following day, clashes continued in Zəngilan.[94] In the evening, the Azerbaijani president stated that Azerbaijani forces had claimed Dağ Tumas, Nüsüs, Xələfli, Minbaşılı, and Veysəlli in Jabrayil, Vənədli and Mirzəhəsənli in Zangilan District.[95] The Azerbaijani MoD also released confirmary footage from one the villages claimed.[96] The next day, the Azerbaijani MoD stated that the Armenian forces attempted to attack the Azerbaijani positions in Zangilan from Syunik Province of Armenia.[97] On 25 October, the Azerbaijani MoD released footage from Zangilan and Jabrayil districts, in the very southwest of the theater of operations, near the Aras River and the Iranian border.[98] The following day, the President of Azerbaijan, Ilham Aliyev, stated that the Azerbaijani forces had seized control of Qovşudlu, Sofulu, Dağ Maşanlı, Kürdlər, Hovuslu, and Çələbilər in Jabrayil District, Birinci Alıbəyli, İkinci Alıbəyli, Rəbənd, and Yenikənd in Zangilan District,[99] along the Hakari Valley.[100] The Armenian authorities confirmed that the Azerbaijani forces had launched an offensive in the region.[101]

General view of Fuzuli's landscape.

On 28 October, President of Azerbaijan, Ilham Aliyev, stated that the Azerbaijani forces had seized control of Birinci Ağalı, İkinci Ağalı, Üçüncü Ağalı, Zərnəli in Zangilan, Mandılı in Fuzuli, Qazanzəmi, Xanağabulaq, Çüllü, Quşçular, and Qaraağac in Jabrayil.[102] On 2 November, President of Azerbaijan, Ilham Aliyev stated that the Azerbaijani forces had seized control of Çaprand, Hacı İsaqlı, and Qoşabulaq in Jabrayil District, as well as Dərə Gilətağ, and Böyük Gilətağ in Zangilan District.[103] Next day, the Azerbaijani MoD stated that Füzuli was being rocketed with BM-30 Smerches from the territory of Armenia; Armenia issued a denial.[104]

## Casualties

[edit]

### Military casualties

[edit]

As of 20 October, the Azerbaijani authorities claimed that at least 40 Armenian servicemen were killed. Azerbaijan doesn't disclose its own military casualties.[17]

### Equipment losses

[edit]

As of 20 October, the Azerbaijani authorities have stated that the Azerbaijani forces have destroyed at least 7 tanks, 6 other vehicles, 4 BM-21 Grad systems, 1 D-30 howitzers, 3 Tor-M2 km missile systems, downed 2 UAVs and 1 Su-25, and captured many tanks and IFVs.[17]

### Civilian casualties

[edit]

As of 20 October, the Azerbaijani authorities have reported that 1 Azerbaijani civilian was killed and 6 more were injured in Fuzuli.[18]

## Notes

[edit]

1. ^
* In Armenia, it has been occasionally called the Southern front.[21]
* In Azerbaijan, it has been referred to as Operations along the Aras (Azerbaijani: Arazboyu əməliyyatlar).[22]

## References

[edit]

1. ^ "Major General Mayis Barkhudarov: "We will fight to destroy the enemy completely". Azerbaijani Ministry of Defence. September 28, 2020. Archived from the original on 8 October 2020.
2. ^ a b "Release of the Press Service of the President". Azerbaijan State News Agency. 19 October 2020. Retrieved 20 October 2020. "Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces of the Republic of Azerbaijan, President Ilham Aliyev congratulated Chief of the State Border Service (SBS), Colonel General Elchin Guliyev on raising the Azerbaijani flag over the Khudafarin bridge, liberating several residential settlements with the participation of the SBS, and instructed to convey his congratulations to all personnel. Colonel General Elchin Guliyev reported that the State Border Service personnel will continue to decently fulfill all the tasks set by the Commander-in-Chief."
3. ^ ""Vətən Müharibəsi Qəhrəmanı" adı verilən generallar kimlərdir?". qafqazinfo.az. 9 December 2020.
4. ^ a b "Release of the Press Service of the President". president.az. Official website of the President of Azerbaijan. 4 October 2020. Archived from the original on 9 October 2020. Retrieved 7 October 2020.
5. ^ "Մարտունու շրջանի վարչակազմի ղեկավար Արարատ Մելքումյանին Արցախի հերոսի կոչում է շնորհվել" [The head of the Martuni region administration Ararat Melkumyan was awarded the title of Hero of Artsakh]. Hetq.am (in Armenian). 22 November 2020. Archived from the original on 4 February 2021. Retrieved 4 February 2021.
6. ^ "Արցախի հերոս Դավիթ Գրիգորյանը խոցել է 15 տանկ և 1 ՀՄՄ" [Artsakh hero Davit Grigoryan hit 15 tanks and 1 HMM]. Iravaban (in Armenian). 4 October 2020. Archived from the original on 4 February 2021. Retrieved 4 February 2021.
7. ^ "Ձեր ցավը տանեմ, դուք մեր պարծանքն եք. ԱՀ նախագահը "Արցախի հերոս" կոչում շնորհեց 5 անձի, պատմեց հերոսությունների մասին" [Let me take your pain, you are our pride. The President of the Republic of Azerbaijan awarded the title of "Hero of Artsakh" to 5 people, told about the heroism]. ArmTimes (in Armenian). 4 October 2020. Archived from the original on 4 February 2021. Retrieved 4 February 2021.
8. ^ "Провал военной хунты". Free Azerbaijan (in Russian). 2020-11-16. Retrieved 2020-12-05.
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10. ^ Aliyev, Ilham (26 October 2020). "Release of the Press Service of the President". President.az. Presidential Administration of Azerbaijan. Retrieved 1 January 2020.
11. ^ Huseyn, Orkhan (10 December 2020). ""Vətən Müharibəsi Qəhrəmanı" adını almış şəhid pilotumuzun son uçuşu - DOSYE". Aqreqator.az (in Azerbaijani). Retrieved 14 December 2020.
12. ^ "46 servicemen of Armenia NSS border troops killed during NK war". armenpress.am.
13. ^ Bensaid, Adam (29 September 2020). "A military breakdown of the Azerbaijan–Armenia conflict". TRTWorld. Archived from the original on 7 October 2020. Retrieved 18 October 2020.
14. ^ Frantzman, Seth J. (1 October 2020). "Israeli drones in Azerbaijan raise questions on use in the battlefield". Jerusalem Post. Archived from the original on 9 October 2020. Retrieved 18 October 2020.
15. ^ "Son dakika... Görüntü dünyayı çalkaladı! SİHA vurdu, bir başka drone..." Milliyet (in Turkish). 1 October 2020. Archived from the original on 11 October 2020. Retrieved 18 October 2020.
16. ^ "Azerbaijan says 2,783 soldiers killed in Nagorno-Karabakh clashes". Al Jazeera. 3 December 2020. Archived from the original on 4 December 2020. Retrieved 4 December 2020.
17. ^ a b c
* "Defense Ministry: Intense fighting continued during night (VIDEO)". Trend News Agency. 29 September 2020. Retrieved 23 October 2020.
* "Azerbaijani Army's offensive operation to liberate Fizuli city continues". Trend News Agency. 29 September 2020. Retrieved 23 October 2020.
* "Azerbaijani Defense Ministry: The enemy's Tor-M2KM surface-to-air missile systems were destroyed". Azerbaijan State News Agency. 17 October 2020. Retrieved 23 October 2020.
* "Azerbaijani Army repels Armenian attacks on frontline". AzerNews. 20 October 2020. Retrieved 23 October 2020.
* "Azerbaijani Defense Ministry: The enemy's Tor-M2KM surface-to-air missile systems were destroyed". Azerbaijan State News Agency. 17 October 2020. Retrieved 23 October 2020.
* "6 UAVs of the enemy were destroyed in one day". Axar.az. 21 October 2020. Retrieved 23 October 2020.
* "Large number of trophies seized from enemy in Jabrayil". Report Information Agency. 4 October 2020. Retrieved 23 October 2020.
* "Another Su-25 aircraft of Armenia shot down - Defense Ministry". Trend News Agency. 18 October 2020. Retrieved 23 October 2020.
* "Latest achievements of Azerbaijani army over Armenian forces". Trend News Agency. 20 October 2020. Retrieved 23 October 2020.
* "Азербайджан сообщает, что сбил армянский штурмовик". Trend News Agency. 2 November 2020. Retrieved 2 November 2020.
18. ^ a b c
* "Armenian side continues to shell Fuzuli, Tartar districts". Trend News Agency. 30 September 2020. Retrieved 23 October 2020.
* "Prosecutor General's Office: Three civilians injured as a result of enemy's shelling of Garabagh village, Fuzuli district". Azerbaijan State News Agency. 9 October 2020. Retrieved 23 October 2020.
19. ^ Felgenhauer, Pavel (12 November 2020). "The Karabakh War Ends as Russian Troops Move In". Eurasia Daily Monitor. 17 (160). Jamestown Foundation. Archived from the original on 2 January 2021. Retrieved 2 January 2021.
20. ^ Nikoghosyan, Hovhannes (9 October 2020). "War in Nagorno Karabakh: why now, and what to expect?". European Leadership Network. Archived from the original on 2 January 2021. Retrieved 2 January 2021.
21. ^ Ghazanchyan, Siranush (5 October 2020). "Azerbaijan resumes offensive operations on the southern front". Public Radio of Armenia. Retrieved 23 October 2020.
22. ^ "Cəbrayılın azad edilməsi üzrə əməliyyatlar digər istiqamətdən endirilən zərbə ilə müşayiət oluna bilər". Ordu.az (in Azerbaijani). 4 October 2020. Retrieved 23 October 2020.
23. ^ Kucera, Joshua (29 September 2020). "As fighting rages, what is Azerbaijan's goal?". EurasiaNet. Archived from the original on 4 October 2020. Retrieved 29 September 2020. "The Azerbaijani offensive against Armenian forces is its most ambitious since the war between the two sides formally ended in 1994."
24. ^ "Конфликт в Карабахе: Азербайджан ударил по территории Армении" (in Russian). BBC Russian Service. 2020-10-14. Retrieved 2020-10-14.
25. ^ "Пашинян заявил о частичном отступлении в Карабахе" (in Russian). RIA Novosti. 2020-10-14. Retrieved 2020-10-15.
26. ^ Chiragov, Fuad: Azerbaijan Makes Strategic Advances Along Karabakh's Northern, Southern Flanks \- The Jamestown Foundation
27. ^ a b "Азербайджан взял под контроль Худаферинский мост в Карабахе, заявил Алиев" (in Russian). RIA Novosti. 18 October 2020. Retrieved 18 October 2020.
28. ^ a b "Видео азербайджанского спецназа в Зангелане" (in Russian). BBC Russian Service. 20 October 2020. Retrieved 20 October 2020.
29. ^ a b "Видео с погранзаставы Агбенда от президента Алиева" (in Russian). BBC Russian Service. 22 October 2020. Retrieved 22 October 2020.
30. ^ Ardillier-Carras, Françoise (2006). "Sud-Caucase: conflit du Karabagh et nettoyage ethnique" [South Caucasus: Karabakh conflict and ethnic cleansing]. Bulletin de l'Association de Géographes Français (in French). 83 (4): 409–432\. doi:10.3406/bagf.2006.2527.409-432&rft.date=2006&rft_id=info:doi/10.3406/bagf.2006.2527&rft.aulast=Ardillier-Carras&rft.aufirst=Françoise&rft_id=https://www.persee.fr/doc/bagf_0004-5322_2006_num_83_4_2527&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Aras+Valley+campaign" class="Z3988">
31. ^ "UNHCR publication for CIS Conference (Displacement in the CIS) – Conflicts in the Caucasus". United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees.
32. ^ Yamskov, A. N. (1991). Ethnic Conflict in the Transcausasus: The Case of Nagorno-Karabakh. Vol. 20\. p. 659. `{{cite book}}`: `|periodical=` ignored (help)
33. ^ Hambardzumyan, Viktor (1978). Լեռնային Ղարաբաղի Ինքնավար Մարզ (ԼՂԻՄ) [Nagorno Karabakh Autonomous Region (NKAO)] (in Armenian). Vol. 4\. Armenian Soviet Encyclopedia. p. 576.
34. ^ "Nagorno-Karabakh profile". BBC News. 2016-04-06. Retrieved 2020-10-06.
35. ^ De Waal, Thomas (2013). Black Garden Armenia and Azerbaijan Through Peace and War, 10th Year Anniversary Edition, Revised and Updated. ISBN 978-0-8147-7082-5. OCLC 1154881834.
36. ^ a b "HUMAN RIGHTS SITUATION OF INTERNALLY DISPLACED PERSONS IN AZERBAIJAN". humanrightsclub.net. 19 June 2019. Archived from the original on 28 September 2020. Retrieved 25 October 2020. "There are now about 600,000 registered Azerbaijani IDPs – roughly 40,000 from Nagorno-Karabakh and 560,000 from the surrounding seven occupied districts."
37. ^ a b Toal, Gerard; O’Loughlin, John; Bakke, Kristin M. (12 October 2020). "Nagorno-Karabakh: what do residents of the contested territory want for their future?". The Conversation. Retrieved 2020-10-15.
38. ^ "Military occupation of Azerbaijan by Armenia". Rule of Law in Armed Conflicts Project. Retrieved 27 September 2020.
39. ^ a b "Armenia/Azerbaijan – Border clashes between the two countries (15 Jul. 2020)". Ministry of Europe and Foreign Affairs (France). Retrieved 27 September 2020.
40. ^ "Is Turkey a brother in arms or just extending its footprint into Nagorno-Karabakh?". France 24. 2020-09-29. Retrieved 2020-10-08.
41. ^ Palmer, James (28 September 2020). "Why Are Armenia and Azerbaijan Heading to War?". Foreign Policy. Retrieved 2020-10-08.
42. ^ OSCE Minsk Group (2020-10-02). "Statement by the Co-Chairs of the OSCE Minsk Group". Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe. Archived from the original on 2020-10-19. Retrieved 2020-10-09.
43. ^ Weise, Zia; Cienski, Jan; Herszenhorn, David M. (28 September 2020). "The Armenia–Azerbaijan conflict explained". Politico. Retrieved 29 September 2020.
44. ^ "Azərbaycan Ordusu 6 kəndi erməni işğalından azad edib". Report Information Agency. 27 September 2020. Archived from the original on 2 October 2020. Retrieved 27 September 2020.
45. ^ "Azərbaycan Ordusu daha bir kəndi erməni işğalından azad edib" (in Azerbaijani). Report Information Agency. 27 September 2020. Archived from the original on 3 October 2020. Retrieved 28 September 2020.
46. ^ "Azerbaijan suffers serious manpower losses – 370 servicemen killed within few hours". Armenpress. 28 September 2020. Archived from the original on 28 September 2020. Retrieved 28 September 2020.
47. ^ "Azerbaijan Army's offensive operation to liberate Fizuli city continues". APA.az. 29 September 2020. Retrieved 29 September 2020.
48. ^ "Ministry of Defense of Azerbaijan: The 4th battalion of the enemy stationed in the Fuzuli direction was shelled". APA.az. 30 September 2020. Retrieved 30 September 2020.
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50. ^ "Azerbaijani MoD: Fierce battles continue along the entire front" (Video). APA.az. 3 October 2020. Retrieved 3 October 2020. "During the night, the enemy's combat activity in various directions of the front has been suppressed, Ministry of Defence told APA."
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53. ^ "MoD: Fuzuli region is subjected to rocket fire, while Aghdam and Terter to artillery fire by enemy". APA.az. 4 October 2020. Retrieved 4 October 2020. "Territory of Fuzuli region is subjected to rocket fire from Armenian territory, while Aghdam and Terter are subjected to artillery fire from occupied Azerbaijani territories by the enemy, Ministry of Defense told APA."
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55. ^ "President Ilham Aliyev: Jabrayil city and 9 villages of the region liberated from occupation". APA.az. 4 October 2020. Retrieved 4 October 2020. "President İlham Aliyev said the city of Jabrayil and 9 villages of the region were liberated from the occupation: 'Today, Karkhulu, Shukurbayli, Chereken, Dashkasan, Horovlu, Mahmudlu, Jafarabad, Yukhari Maralyan, Decal villages of Jabrayil region have been liberated from occupation.'"
56. ^ "Battles continue in NK conflict zone at various intensity – Armenia defense ministry". Armenpress. 5 October 2020. Archived from the original on 7 October 2020. Retrieved 5 October 2020.
57. ^ "Azerbaijani forces launched intense attack from early morning – updates". Armenpress. 5 October 2020. Archived from the original on 8 October 2020. Retrieved 5 October 2020.
58. ^ "Azerbaijani forces launch new massive attack on Artsakh from southern direction". Armenpress. 6 October 2020. Archived from the original on 9 October 2020. Retrieved 6 October 2020.
59. ^ "Ministry of Defense: Azerbaijani Army has full dominance in the direction of Jabrayil". APA.az. 7 October 2020. Archived from the original on 9 October 2020. Retrieved 7 October 2020. "'Armenia's Ministry of Defense spread disinformation for the next time on so-called "losses" of our units in the direction of Jabrayil', Ministry of Defense told APA. It has been noted in the information that news, spread by the Armenian side is groundless and false: 'Our Army continues its counter-attack operations successfully in the direction of Jabrayil and has full dominant before the enemy'."
60. ^ "Video recording of Shukurbayli village of Jabrail" (Video). APA.az. 7 October 2020. Archived from the original on 9 October 2020. Retrieved 7 October 2020. "The Shukurbayli village of the Jabrayil region liberated from the occupation, APA reports citing the press service of the Ministry of Defence."
61. ^ "MoD: Armenian armed forces are subjecting to fire our human settlements". APA.az. 7 October 2020. Archived from the original on 9 October 2020. Retrieved 7 October 2020. "Armenian armed forces are subjecting to fire our human settlements, APA reports citing Azerbaijani MoD. Armenian armed forces are shelling the villages of the Terter, Barda, Aghdam, Aghjabadi, Fizuli, and Jabrayil regions. Azerbaijan Army is taking adequate actions."
62. ^ "MoD: Enemy is again shelling our human settlements". APA.az. 7 October 2020. Archived from the original on 9 October 2020. Retrieved 7 October 2020. "The Armenian army is subjecting to fire the human settlements of the Terter and Fizuli regions, APA reports citing Ministry of Defense."
63. ^ "Russia sponsors Nagorno-Karabakh cease-fire talks". AP NEWS. 2020-10-09. Archived from the original on 2020-10-09. Retrieved 2020-10-10.
64. ^ a b Hovhannisyan, Nailia Bagirova, Nvard (2020-10-10). "Armenia and Azerbaijan accuse each other of violating Nagorno-Karabakh ceasefire". Reuters. Archived from the original on October 10, 2020. Retrieved 2020-10-10.`{{cite news}}`: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
65. ^ "Armenia and Azerbaijan agree Karabakh truce". BBC News. 10 October 2020. Archived from the original on 10 October 2020. Retrieved 10 October 2020.
66. ^ Bociurkiw, Michael (14 October 2020). "Opinion: The conflict we can't ignore". CNN. Retrieved 2020-10-15.
67. ^ Bagirova, Nvard Hovhannisyan, Nailia (2020-10-13). "Humanitarian crisis feared as Nagorno-Karabakh ceasefire buckles". Reuters. Retrieved 2020-10-13.`{{cite news}}`: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
68. ^ "Armenia, Azerbaijan say Nagorno-Karabakh truce fails to hold". AP NEWS. 2020-10-10. Retrieved 2020-10-10.
69. ^ a b "Nagorno-Karabakh: Armenia and Azerbaijan shaky ceasefire in force". BBC News. 2020-10-10. Archived from the original on 10 October 2020. Retrieved 2020-10-10.
70. ^ "Air raid sirens activated in Stepanakert City". Armenpress. 10 October 2020. Archived from the original on 10 October 2020. Retrieved 10 October 2020.
71. ^ Hovhannisyan, Nailia Bagirova, Nvard (2020-10-11). "Nagorno-Karabakh truce under severe strain as both sides allege violations". Reuters. Archived from the original on 2020-10-11. Retrieved 2020-10-11.`{{cite news}}`: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
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73. ^ "President of Azerbaijan: Eight more villages have been liberated from occupation". APA.az. 2020-10-14. Retrieved 2020-10-14.
74. ^ "Azerbaijani President: 6 more villages liberated". APA.az. 15 October 2020. Retrieved 2020-10-15.
75. ^ "Düşmənə məxsus Su-25 təyyarəsi məhv edilib". apa.az (in Azerbaijani). 17 October 2020.
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78. ^ "The Azerbaijani flag was raised up in the center of liberated from the occupation Fizuli city - VIDEO". APA.az. 18 October 2020. Retrieved 18 October 2020.
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* v
* t
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Nagorno-Karabakh conflict

Background|

* Nagorno-Karabakh
* History
* Armenian–Azerbaijani war (1918–1920)
* Deportation of Azerbaijanis from Armenia
* Dissolution of the Soviet Union
* Karabakh movement
* Miatsum
* Armenians in Azerbaijan
* Armenians in Baku
* Azerbaijanis in Armenia
* Anti-Armenian sentiment in Azerbaijan
* Armenia–Azerbaijan relations

First war (1988–1994)|

* Çardaqlı clash
* Askeran clash
* Sumgait pogrom
* Gugark pogrom
* Zvartnots Airport clash
* Shusha and Stepanakert pogroms
* Kirovabad pogrom
* Il-76 crash near Leninakan (1988)
* Baku pogrom
* Bağanis Ayrum
* 1990 Tbilisi–Agdam bus bombing
* Operation Ring
* Voskepar massacre
* Battle of Togh
* 1991 Azerbaijani Mil Mi-8 shootdown
* Law on Abolishment of Nagorno-Karabakh Autonomous Oblast
* Siege of Stepanakert
* Operation Dashalty
* 1992 Azerbaijani Mil Mi-8 shootdown
* Capture of Gushchular and Malibeyli
* Capture of Garadaghly
* Khojaly massacre
* Maraga massacre
* Capture of Shusha
* Capture of Artsvashen
* Operation Goranboy
* Mardakert and Martuni Offensives
* Operation Həsənqaya
* Battle of Lachin
* Operation Qazançı
* 1993 Azerbaijani coup d'état
* Battle of Kalbajar
* Battle of Aghdam
* 1993 Summer Offensives
* Operation Geghamasar
* Operation Horadiz
* Operation Kalbajar
* 1994 Baku Metro bombings
* 1994 Iranian Air Force C-130 shootdown
* 1994 Bagratashen bombing
* Refugees in Azerbaijan

Interwar clashes|

* 2008 Mardakert clashes
* January 2009 Agdam military incident
* September 2009 Agdam military incident
* 2010 Nagorno-Karabakh clashes
* 2010 Mardakert clashes
* 2012 Armenian–Azerbaijani border clashes
* 2014 Armenian–Azerbaijani clashes
* 2014 Armenian Mil Mi-24 shootdown
* 2016 Odundağ clashes
* 2016 Nagorno-Karabakh conflict
* 2017 Nagorno-Karabakh conflict
* Shelling of Alxanlı
* 2018 Armenian–Azerbaijani clashes
* 2019 clash near Chinari
* July 2020 Armenian–Azerbaijani clashes
* Incidents
* Protests in Azerbaijan
* Reactions

Second war (2020)|

* Timeline
* Casualties
* International reactions
* Allegations of third-party involvement
* Madagiz offensive
* Aras Valley campaign
* Bombardments (Barda, Ganja, Ghazanchetsots Cathedral, Martuni, Stepanakert, Tartar)
* Battle of Hadrut
* Lachin offensive
* Battle of Shusha
* Russian Mil Mi-24 shootdown
* War crimes
* Treatment of Armenian POWs

Post-ceasefire events|

* Azerbaijan's construction in gained areas
* 2020–2021 Armenian protests
* Chaylaggala and Hin Tagher
* Border crisis
* September 2022 escalation
* Susuzluq
* Shusha
* Farukh
* 2022 Armenian protests
* Blockade of Nagorno-Karabakh
* 2023 Azerbaijani offensive
* Protests in Armenia
* Flight of Nagorno-Karabakh Armenians
* Berkadzor fuel depot explosion

Main locations|

* Administrative divisions of the Republic of Artsakh
* Stepanakert
* Askeran Province
* Hadrut Province
* Kashatagh Province
* Martakert Province
* Martuni Province
* Shahumyan Province
* Shushi Province
* Armenian-occupied territories
* Aghdam District
* Fuzuli District
* Jabrayil District
* Kalbajar District
* Lachin District
* Lachin corridor
* Qubadli District
* Zangilan District

Political leaders|

* Armenia
* Levon Ter-Petrosyan
* Robert Kocharyan
* Serzh Sargsyan
* Nikol Pashinyan

* Republic of Artsakh
* Artur Mkrtchyan
* Robert Kocharyan
* Leonard Petrosyan
* Arkadi Ghukasyan
* Bako Sahakyan
* Arayik Harutyunyan
* Samvel Shahramanyan

* Azerbaijan
* Ayaz Mutallibov
* Abulfaz Elchibey
* Heydar Aliyev
* Ilham Aliyev
* Azerbaijani Community of Nagorno-Karabakh
* Bayram Safarov
* Nizami Bahmanov
* Tural Ganjaliyev

* Russia
* Mikhail Gorbachev
* Boris Yeltsin
* Vladimir Putin

* Turkey
* Turgut Özal
* Recep Tayyip Erdoğan

Military leaders|

* Armenia
* Vazgen Sargsyan
* Gurgen Dalibaltayan
* Norat Ter-Grigoryants
* Jirair Sefilian
* Tiran Khachatryan
* Seyran Ohanyan

* Republic of Artsakh
* Samvel Babayan
* Kristapor Ivanyan
* Arkady Ter-Tadevosyan
* Monte Melkonian
* Jalal Harutyunyan
* Mikael Arzumanyan

* Azerbaijan
* Isgandar Hamidov
* Rahim Gaziyev
* Surat Huseynov
* Valeh Barshadly
* Mais Barkhudarov
* Hikmat Mirzayev
* Hikmat Hasanov

* Russia
* Viktor Polyanichko
* Pavel Grachev
* Rustam Muradov

* Chechen Republic of Ichkeria
* Shamil Basayev

* Afghanistan
* Gulbuddin Hekmatyar

Peace process|

* Baker rules
* Bishkek Protocol
* Tehran Communiqué
* Zheleznovodsk Communiqué
* OSCE Minsk Group
* Prague Process
* Madrid Principles
* 2020 ceasefire agreement
* 2020–2024 monitoring and peacekeeping
* Russia
* OSCE
* EU
* EUMCAP Oct–Dec 2022
* EUPAT Dec 2022–Jan 2023
* EUMA Feb 2023–present
* 2023 ceasefire agreement

International documents|

* Astrakhan Declaration
* Nagorno-Karabakh Declaration
* NATO Lisbon Summit Declaration
* OIC Resolution 10/11
* OIC Resolution 10/37
* PACE Resolution 1416
* PACE Resolution 2085
* UNGA Resolution 48/114
* UNGA Resolution 60/285
* UNGA Resolution 62/243
* UNSC resolutions
* 822
* 853
* 874
* 884

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