Arif Hussain Hussaini

Pakistani politician

* Sayyid
* Hujjat al-Islam
* Shaheed-e-Millat-e-Jafaria

Arif Hussain al-Hussaini

عارف حسين الحسينى
1st Leader of Tehrik-e-Jafaria Pakistan
In office
29 August 1983 – 5 August 1988
Preceded by| Mufti Jafar Hussain
Succeeded by| Syed Sajid Ali Naqvi
Personal details
Born|

Syed Arif Hussain Hussaini

(1946-11-25)25 November 1946
Parachinar, North-West Frontier Province, British India
Died| 5 August 1988(1988-08-05) (aged 41)
Peshawar, North-West Frontier Province, Pakistan
Manner of death| Assassination (gunshot wounds)
Resting place| Allama Hussaini shrine, Peiwar Pass[1]
Nationality| Pakistani
Political party| Tehrik-e-Jafaria
Education| Madressah-e-Jaffaria
Alma mater| Qom Seminary
Ethnicity| Pashtun
Tribe| Turi
Title| Allama
Hujjat al-Islam
Syed
Shaheed-e-Millat-e-Jafaria
Main interest(s)| Islamic philosophy, Political Islam, hadith studies, Kifayat al-Usul, Guardianship of the Islamic Jurist, Uṣūl al-Fiqh, Tafsīr, Nahj al-Balagha
Notable idea(s)| Khomeinism, Wilayat al Faqih, Islamic Government[2]
Notable work(s)|

* Leading the influence of Khomeinist Iranian Revolution in Pakistan[3]
* Islamic revival of Ja'fari school of Islamic jurisprudence in the Shia population of Pakistan.
* Hussaini has written several books about Islam, including:
* Aabad e Karwan
* Piyam e Noor

Religious life
Religion| Islam
Denomination| Twelver Shīʿā
Jurisprudence| Ja'fari
Creed| Usuli
Muslim leader

Influenced by

* Ruhollah Khomeini,[4] Muhammad Hussain Najafi, Morteza Motahhari, Musa al-Sadr, Muhammad Husayn Tabataba'i,[5] Ja'far al-Sadiq,[6] Ayatollah Madani, Ayatollah Mortazavi, and Sheikh Ashraf Asphahani.

Influenced

* Syed Sajid Ali Naqvi,[7] Allama Syed Jawad Naqvi,[8] Allama Syed Shehanshah Naqvi,[9] Muhammad Nawaz Irfani,[10] Raja Nasir Abbas Jafri,[11] Talib Jauhari[12]

Syed Arif Hussain Al Hussaini (Urdu: علامہ عارف حسين الحسينى; 25 November 1946 – 5 August 1988) was a Twelver Shīʿā Muslim scholar, Islamist ideologue, Islamic Jurist, and Islamic Revolutionist Political leader of Shia Muslims in Pakistan. He is also known as Khomanei-e-Pakistan for his activities, which earned him the reputation of being one of the most prominent advocates for the Shia population of Pakistan and Islamic revival of the Ja'fari school of Islamic jurisprudence in the country. He viewed the ideas of secularism, liberalism and communism as evil, which he understood to be the influence of Western and Soviet imperialism. He was assassinated in 1988 at aged 41.[6][13]

## Family background and education

[edit]

### Family background

[edit]

Arif Hussain al-Hussaini was born on 25 November 1946 in the village of Pewar, Kurram, Parachinar into the house of Fazal Hussain Shah. His family belongs to the Husseini branch of Syeds, which trace descent to the fourth Shi'a imam, Zayn al-‘Ābidīn. The specific local branch name was Duparzai. He was Fluent in Pashto, Dari, Urdu, Persian and Arabic.

### Education

[edit]

Hussaini received his primary education from his home town government primary school and later went on to Parachinar to complete his matriculation. Later, he got an admission into the Madressa Jafria Parachinar from where he went to the Iraqi city of Najaf for further studies. In Iraq, he studied under figures such as Aqai Lashkarani, Ayatollah Khomeini, Ayatollah Madani, Ayatollah Mortazavi, and Sheikh Ashraf Asphahani. In 1973, he returned home and married, and a year later went to the holy city of Qom, Iran to join the Hauza Ilmia. In 1975 and 1977, he performed the Hajj.

### Najaf Period

[edit]

Staying for a while in Parachinar Madressah in 1967, Allama Arif ul Hussain Al Hussaini decided to further his religious studies and with his teacher Maulana Ghulam Hussain he departed for Najaf and also met Imam Khomeini in Iraq.

“Madressah Abdul Aziz Baghdadi" was where he began his early Islamic education. Then Hussaini was admitted in “Madressah e Shabbiriah" in Iraq.

### Return to Pakistan

[edit]

Hussaini returned to Pakistan in 1977 to mobilize the Shia community. In the same year, he became the first person to recite a majlis in Pashto, which is unusual given that the vast majority of Pashtuns are Sunni rather than Shia but he was also a strong promoter of shia-sunni unity. He also leveraged funding from the Shia Pakistani diaspora in the Persian Gulf to create the Alamdar Foundation in his hometown of Parachinar.[14]

## Leadership of Tehrik-e-Jafaria Pakistan

[edit]

In a meeting of 28 people called in Bhakkar, Punjab, Hussaini was given the leadership of Tehrik-e-Jafaria Pakistan by the recommendation of Grand Ayatollah Muhammad Hussain Najafi, after five months the death of Mufti Jafar Hussain on 10 February, 1984, in Bhakkar. An ideological split divided the movement into two groups: one headed by Hamid Moosavi, the follower of Ayatollah Shariatmadari; the other headed by Hussaini, the follower of Khomeini’s teachings. Under Hussaini, the party began to accept Sunni members, but it remained a religious organisation.[15]

## Death

[edit]

Hussaini was gunned down in Peshawar on 5 August 1988 at the time of Fajr prayer. He was at the stairs of his seminary, coming down from his residence at first floor, when two assailants opened fire on him. The assailants of Hussaini escaped but were later arrested. The attackers were allegedly affiliated with Sipah-e-Sahaba, an anti-Shia organization in Pakistan.[16] Hussaini died of his wounds while being transported by ambulance to a local hospital. Hussaini’s death sparked a riot by around 500 supporters who threw stones at cars and buses in the eastern city of Lahore before riot police dispersed them with tear gas.[17]

His body was taken from Peshawar to his native village of Peiwar by helicopter. The former President Zia-ul-Haq and special representatives of Imam Khomeini, Ayatullah Jannati,[18] participated in his funeral rites. The Iranian government supported the construction of a mazar over his grave in Peshawar.

### Alleged Involvement of Zia-ul-Haq

[edit]

It is also alleged that Zia-ul-Haq was also involved in the assassination of Hussaini for his Anti-American views he also had disagreements with Zia-ul-Haq he claimed that the Islamization policies of Zia are in the benefit of America and its allies instead of Islam and Pakistan he believed that Zia's policies could rise a regional sectarian conflict in the future, shortly after the CIA-led Operation Cyclone, Hussaini openly voiced opposition to the Zia regime for supporting American-Israeli interference in the region and he also criticized the Soviet Union for destabilizing the region however he stated that the Pakistan would continue to support the Afghan mujahideen against Soviet force's in Afghanistan without the help of America and its ally's because he believed that the Pakistan's collaboration with America and its allies is like betraying Palestine.[19]

## See also

[edit]

* Mufti Jafar Hussain
* Muhammad Hussain Najafi
* Muhammad Nawaz Irfani
* Sheikh Rajab Ali
* Sheikh Ali Madad
* Sheikh Fida Hussain Muzahiri

## References

[edit]

1. ^ "Allama Arif Hussaini martyrdom anniversary held at his shrine". Retrieved 6 August 2019.
2. ^ Alex Vatanka,  Influence of iranian revolution in Pakistan: Security, Diplomacy Islamist Influence, I.B.Tauris (1989), pp. 148 & 155
3. ^ Alex Vatanka,  Influence of iranian revolution in Pakistan: Security, Diplomacy Islamist Influence, I.B.Tauris (1989), pp. 148 & 155
4. ^ Alex Vatanka,  Influence of iranian revolution in Pakistan: Security, Diplomacy Islamist Influence, I.B.Tauris (1989), pp. 148 & 155
5. ^ R. Michael Feener (2004), Islam in World Cultures: Comparative Perspectives, ABC-CLIO, p. 89, ISBN 9781576075166
6. ^ a b Jafri 1979, p. 181.
7. ^ "Daily Times - Leading News Resource of Pakistan". www.dailytimes.com.pk. Archived from the original on March 19, 2007.
8. ^ "اشک های حضرت آیت الله جوادی آملی به خاطر وجود ربا در سیستم بانکی / «بانک‎ها رباخواری دارند، ما واقعا حرف خدا را باور نکردیم»". fa. 6 August 1395.
9. ^ http://shiitenews.org/shiitenews/pakistan-news/item/109993-dik-shia-martyrs-anniversary-held-with-allama-shahenshah-naqvis-majlis/
10. ^ "Early Life of Muhammad Nawaz Irfani". Archived from the original on 3 April 2016. Retrieved 2 May 2016. `{{cite journal}}`: Cite journal requires `|journal=` (help)
11. ^ The Islamic Politics For Future, The Ideology Agenda of Majlis Wahdat-e-Muslimeen (Pakistan), (2016), p. 25
12. ^ "Allama Talib Jauhari– End of a glorious era". 22 June 2020.
13. ^ Nasr 1996, p. 49
14. ^ Alessandro Monsutti; Silvia Naef; Farian Sabahi (2007). The Other Shiites: From the Mediterranean to Central Asia. Peter Lang. pp. 106–. ISBN 978-3-03911-289-0.
15. ^ "Tehreek-e-Jaferia Pakistan". www.satp.org.
16. ^ "Sipah-e-Sahaba Pakistan". web.stanford.edu.
17. ^ "Shia Muslim Leader Is Gunned Down in Pakistan". Los Angeles Times. 6 August 1988.
18. ^ Funeral Prayers of Allama Arif Hussaini by Ayatullah Jannati 1988 - Arabic Urdu - ShiaTV.net, retrieved 2021-07-17
19. ^ "How Pakistan's President Zia collaborated with Israel's Mossad to defeat Soviet forces in Afghanistan". WION. 30 December 2020. Retrieved 7 February 2021.

### Works cited

[edit]

* Jafri, S.H.M (1979). Origins and Early Development of Shia Islam. London: Longman.
* Nasr, Seyyed Vali Reza (1996). Mawdudi and the Making of Islamic Revivalism. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-535711-0.

* v
* t
* e

Islam in South Asia

Ideology|

* Ahl-i Hadith
* Barelvi
* Deobandi
* Islamism
* Pan-Islamism
* Wahhabism

Organisations|

| Afghanistan|

* Taliban
* Durrani Empire
* Emirate of Afghanistan
* 1929

|

Bangladesh|

* Bangladesh Jamaat-e-Islami
* Islami Chhatra Shibir
* Islamic Democratic League
* Hefazat-e-Islam
* Islami Andolan Bangladesh
* Khelafat Majlish
* Islami Jatiya Oikya Front
* Islami Oikya Jote
* Bangladesh Khilafat Andolan
* Bangladesh Islami Front
* Islami Chhatra Sena
* Islamic Front Bangladesh

India|

*     * Al Jamiatul Ashrafia, Azamgarh
* Markazu Saquafathi Sunniyya
* Jama'at Raza-e-Mustafa, Bareilly
* Sunni Students' Federation South India
* Raza Academy
* Samastha
* Samastha Kerala Jem-iyyathul Ulama (1989–present)
* All India Ulema and Mashaikh Board
* Darul Uloom Deoband
* Ahl-e-Hadith
* Jamaat-e-Islami Hind
* Jamiat Ulema-e-Hind
* National Development Front
* Popular Front of India
* Students' Islamic Movement of India
* Students Islamic Organisation of India

Pakistan|

* Majlis-e-Tahaffuz-e-Khatme Nabuwwat
* Tanzeem ul Madaris
* Dawat e Islami International
* Jamiat Ulema-e-Pakistan
* Jamaat Ahle Sunnat Pakistan
* Sunni Tehreek
* Tanzeem-ul-Madaris Ahle Sunnat, Pakistan
* Islami Jamiat-e-Talaba
* Jamaat-e-Islami Pakistan
* Jamiat Ahle Hadith
* Jamiat Ulema-e-Islam
* Jamiat Ulema-e-Pakistan
* Muttahida Majlis-e-Amal
* Tanzeem-e-Islami
* Tehrik-e-Jafaria
* All Pakistan Ulema Council
* Aalmi Majlis Tahaffuz Khatm-e-Nubuwwat

Others|

* All India Sunni Conference
* Shaheed Ganj Mosque Movement
* Finality of Prophethood movement
* Dawat e Islami International
* All India Ulema and Mashaikh Board
* Tehreek-e-Labbaik Pakistan
* Ahlehadeeth Movement Bangladesh
* Hizb ut-Tahrir
* Jamaat-e-Islami
* Jamaat-e-Islami Kashmir
* Jamaat ul-Fuqra
* Khaksars
* All India Khilafat Committee
* Muslim National Guard
* Tablighi Jamaat

Leaders|

* Ahmed Raza Khan Barelvi
* Abdul Wahid Bengali
* Habibullah Qurayshi
* Naeem-ud-Deen Muradabadi
* Peer Jamaat Ali Shah
* Abdullahil Baqi
* Hamid Raza Khan
* Mustafa Raza Khan Qadri
* Maulana Abdul Hamid Qadri Badayuni
* Muhammad Karam Shah al-Azhari (Justice)
* Mohammad Abdul Ghafoor Hazarvi
* Ahmad Saeed Kazmi
* Majduddin
* Amjad Ali Aazmi
* Maulana Sardar Ahmad
* Kanthapuram A. P. Aboobacker Musliyar
* Asjad Raza Khan
* Ibrahim Chatuli
* Ahmad Sirhindi
* Shah Turab ul Haq
* Muhammad Fazlur Rahman Ansari
* Khwaja Qamar ul Din Sialvi
* Shah Ahmad Noorani
* Abdul Sattar Khan Niazi
* Shihabuddeen Ahmed Koya Shaliyathi
* Arshadul Qaudri
* Shamsul-hasan Shams Barelvi
* Sarfraz Ahmed Naeemi
* Sahibzada Haji Muhammad Fazal Karim
* Abdul Hamid Khan Bhashani
* Qazi Syed Rafi Mohammad
* Syed Hayatullah
* Muhammad Qasim Nanotvi
* Mian Tufail Mohammad
* Ashraf Ali Thanwi
* Anwar Shah Kashmiri
* Mahmud al-Hasan
* Ubaidullah Sindhi
* Ziya-ur-Rahman Azmi
* Mohammad Ali Jouhar
* Shaukat Ali
* Muhammad Iqbal
* Inayatullah Khan Mashriqi
* Abul A'la Maududi
* Shah Ahmad Noorani
* Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq
* Fazl-ur-Rehman
* Ghulam Azam
* Ilyas Qadri
* Motiur Rahman Nizami
* Grand Ayatollah Muhammad Hussain Najafi
* Grand Ayatollah Bashir Hussain Najafi
* Muhammad Taqi Usmani
* Muhammad Asadullah Al-Ghalib
* Safdar Nagori
* Jalaluddin Umri
* Israr Ahmed
* Javed Ahmad Ghamidi
* Qazi Hussain Ahmad
* Arif Hussain Hussaini
* Delwar Hossain Sayeedi
* Syed Nazeer Husain
* Khalid Mehmood Soomro
* Siddiq Hasan Khan
* Ehsan Elahi Zaheer
* Sanaullah Amritsari
* Abul Kalam Azad
* Azizul Haque
* Fazlul Haque Amini
* Nurul Islam Farooqi
* Khandaker Abdullah Jahangir
* Abubakar Muhammad Zakaria
* Sheikh Ahmadullah
* Maulana Sardar Ahmad
* Kanthapuram A. P. Aboobacker Musliyar
* Asjad Raza Khan
* Sultan Zauq Nadvi

* Events

* Direct Action Day
* Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq's Islamization
* Hudood Ordinances
* Shah Bano case
* Pakistani Islamisation programme referendum, 1984
* Babri Masjid
* Noakhali riots

* Part of Islamism
* Militant Islamism in South Asia

Authority control databases

International|

* VIAF
* FAST
* WorldCat

National|

* United States

*[v]: View this template
*[t]: Discuss this template
*[e]: Edit this template