Armenian Apostolic Church

National church of Armenia

"Armenian Church" redirects here. For other uses, see Armenian Church (disambiguation).

Armenian Apostolic Church

Հայ Առաքելական Եկեղեցի (Armenian)

Etchmiadzin Cathedral, the mother church of the Armenian Apostolic Church

Classification| Eastern Christian
Orientation| Oriental Orthodox
Scripture| Septuagint, New Testament, Armenian versions
Theology| Oriental Orthodox Theology
Polity| Episcopal
Governance| Mother See of Holy Etchmiadzin, Holy See of Cilicia
Head| Karekin II the Catholicos of All Armenians
Aram I the Catholicosate of the Great House of Cilicia
Associations| World Council of Churches[1]
Region| Armenia, Armenian diaspora
Language| Classical Armenian
Liturgy| Armenian Rite
Headquarters| Mother See of Holy Etchmiadzin (Armenia)
Holy See of Cilicia (Lebanon)
Founder| Gregory the Illuminator
Bartholomew the Apostle
Thaddeus (Jude)
Origin| c. 1st century
Kingdom of Armenia
Independence| 610 at the Third Council of Dvin[2]
Separated from| Patriarchate of Constantinople in the Second Council of Dvin (554)[3]
Separations| Armenian Catholic Church
Hetanism
Members| 9 million (self-reported)[4]
Other name(s)| Armenian Church
Official website| www.armenianchurch.org
Logo|

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Paradise, in an Armenian manuscript (1693)

The Armenian Apostolic Church (Armenian: Հայ Առաքելական Եկեղեցի, romanized: Hay Aṙaqelakan Ékełetsi)[note 1] is the autocephalous national church of Armenia. Part of Oriental Orthodoxy, it is one of the most ancient Christian churches.[6] The Armenian Apostolic Church, like the Armenian Catholic Church, belongs to the Armenian Rite. The Kingdom of Armenia was the first state in history to adopt Christianity as its official religion under the rule of King Tiridates III, of the Arsacid dynasty in the early 4th century.[7][8]

According to tradition, the church originated in the missions of Apostles Bartholomew and Thaddeus (Jude) in the 1st century. St. Gregory the Illuminator was the first official primate of the church. It is sometimes referred to as the Armenian Apostolic Orthodox Church, Armenian Church or Armenian Gregorian Church.[9][10][11]

The Armenian Apostolic Church should not be confused with the fully distinct Armenian Catholic Church, which is an Eastern Catholic Church in communion with the See of Rome.[12]

## History

[edit]

### Origins

[edit]

Baptism of Tiridates III Tatev Monastery in Armenia, Syunik

The Armenian Apostolic Church believes in apostolic succession through the apostles Bartholomew[13] and Thaddeus (Jude).[14][15][16] According to tradition, the latter of the two apostles is said to have cured Abgar V of Edessa of leprosy with the Image of Edessa, leading to his conversion in AD 30. Thaddaeus was then commissioned by Abgar to proselytize throughout Armenia, where he converted King Sanatruk's daughter, who was eventually martyred alongside Thaddeus when Sanatruk later fell into apostasy. After this, Bartholomew came to Armenia, bringing a portrait of the Virgin Mary, which he placed in a nunnery he founded over a former temple of Anahit. Bartholomew then converted the sister of Sanatruk, who once again martyred a female relative and the apostle who converted her. Both apostles ordained native bishops before their execution, and some other Armenians had been ordained outside of Armenia by James the Just.[15][16] Scholars including Bart Ehrman, Han J.W. Drijvers, and Walter Bauer dismiss the conversion of Abgar V[17] as fiction.

According to Eusebius and Tertullian, Armenian Christians were persecuted by kings Axidares, Khosrov I, and Tiridates III, the last of whom was converted to Christianity by Gregory the Illuminator.[14] Ancient Armenia was the first state to adopt Christianity as a state religion, which has been referred to by Nina Garsoïan as "probably the most crucial step in its history."[18] This conversion distinguished it from its Iranian and Mazdean roots and protected it from further Parthian influence.[14][18] According to Mary Boyce, the acceptance of Christianity by the Arsacid-Armenian rulers was partly in defiance of the Sassanids.[19]

When King Tiridates III made Christianity the state religion of Armenia between 300 and 301, it was not an entirely new religion there. It had penetrated the country from at least the third century, and may have been present even earlier.[20]

Tiridates declared Gregory to be the first Catholicos of the Armenian Apostolic Church and sent him to Caesarea to be consecrated. Upon his return, Gregory tore down shrines to idols, built churches and monasteries, and ordained many priests and bishops. While meditating in the old capital city of Vagharshapat, Gregory had a vision of Christ descending to the earth and striking it with a hammer. From that spot arose a great Christian temple with a huge cross. He was convinced that God intended him to build the main Armenian church there. With the king's help he did so in accordance with his vision, renaming the city Etchmiadzin, which means "the place of the descent of the Only-Begotten".[21]

Initially, the Armenian Apostolic Church participated in the larger Christian world and was subordinated to the Bishop of Caesarea.[22] Its Catholicos was represented at the First Council of Nicea (325). St. Vrtanes I, the third Catholicos of the Armenian Apostolic Church (333–341), sent a letter with specific questions to Macarius, the Orthodox Bishop of Jerusalem (312-335/36), taken to Jerusalem by a delegation of Armenian priests on the occasion of the Encaenia, in dedication of the Church of the Holy Sepulchre in September 335. In Macarius's letter to the Armenians in 335, it seeks to correct irregularities in the initiation rites of baptism and the eucharist in use in the Armenian Church by articulating the practices in Jerusalem. In so doing, it reveals the divergent forms being practiced in Armenia, which have strong echoes of old East Syriac Rite. Orthopraxy was conceived by Vrtanes and his Armenian colleagues in terms of liturgical performance in Jerusalem. In 353, King Papas (Pap) appointed Catholicos Husik without first sending him to Caesarea for commissioning.[23] The Armenian Catholicos was still represented at the First Council of Constantinople (381).

Gregory the Illuminator, first Catholicos of All Armenians

As Gregory was consecrated by the bishop of Caesarea, he also accepted the Byzantine Rite. However, the Armenian Church, due to the influence of the Church in Edessa, the large presence of Syriacs in Armenia, as well as the number of Syriac priests that arrived in Armenia with Gregory, also cultivated the West Syriac or Antiochian Rite. Since Armenians at the time did not have an alphabet, its clergy learned Greek and Syriac. From this synthesis, the new Armenian Rite came about, which had similarities both with the Byzantine and the Antiochian Syriac rite.[24]

Christianity was strengthened in Armenia in the 5th century by the translation of the Bible into the Armenian language by the native theologian, monk, and scholar, Saint Mesrop Mashtots. Before the 5th century, Armenians had a spoken language, but no script. Thus, the Bible and liturgy were written in the Greek or Syriac scripts until Catholicos Sahak Part'ew commissioned Mesrop to create the Armenian alphabet, which he completed in c. 405. Subsequently, the Bible and liturgy were translated into Armenian and written in the new script. The translation of the Bible, along with works of history, literature and philosophy, caused a flowering of Armenian literature and a broader cultural renaissance.[25]

Although unable to attend the Council of Ephesus (431), Catholicos Isaac Parthiev (Sahak Part'ew) sent a message agreeing with its decisions.[26] However, non-doctrinal elements in the Council of Chalcedon (451) caused certain problems to arise.

### Independence

[edit]

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Miaphysitism spread from Syria to Armenia, from where it came to Georgia and Caucasian Albania.[27]

In 609–610, the Third Council of Dvin was convened during the reign of Catholicos Abraham I of Aghbatank and Prince Smbat Bagratuni, with clergymen and laymen participating. The Georgian Church disagreed with the Armenian Church, having approved the christology of Chalcedon. This council was convened to clarify the relationship between the Armenian and Georgian churches. After the Council, Catholicos Abraham wrote an encyclical letter addressed to the people, blaming Catholicos Kurion of the Georgian Church and his adherents for the schism. The Council never set up canons; it only deprived Georgians from taking communion in the Armenian Church.[28][need quotation to verify][29]

### 20th century

[edit]

This section needs to be updated. Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information. (January 2024)

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In 1903, the Tsarist government of the Russian Empire moved to confiscate the property of the Armenian Church.[30]

## Miaphysitism versus monophysitism

[edit]

Like all Oriental Orthodox churches, the Armenian Church has been referred to as monophysite by both Roman Catholic and Eastern Orthodox theologians because it rejected the decisions of the Council of Chalcedon, which condemned the belief of one incarnate nature of Christ (monophysis). The Armenian Church officially severed ties with Rome and Constantinople in 610, during the Third Council of Dvin where the Chalcedonian dyophysite christological formula was rejected.[31]

However, again like other Oriental Orthodox,[32] the Armenian Apostolic Church argues that the identification as "monophysitism" is an incorrect description of its position.[33] It considers Monophysitism, as taught by Eutyches and condemned at Chalcedon, a heresy and disagrees with the formula defined by the Council of Chalcedon.[33] The Armenian Church instead adheres to the doctrine defined by Cyril of Alexandria, considered as a saint by the Chalcedonian churches as well, who described Christ as being of one incarnate nature, where both divine and human nature are united (miaphysis). To distinguish this from Eutychian and other versions of Monophysitism this position is called miaphysitism.[34][35] Whereas the prefix "mono-" (< Greek μονο- < μόνος) means "single, alone, only",[36][37] thus emphasising the singular nature of Christ, "mia" (μία "one" FEM),[38] simply means "one" unemphatically, and allows for a compound nature.

## Structure and leadership

[edit]

Procession of Armenian priests.

According to The Armenian Church by Archdeacon Dowling published in 1910 (before the Great War and the Armenian Genocide), the Armenian Apostolic Church was composed of four patriarchal provinces, comprising at that date seventy-two, six, and two dioceses in Turkey, Russia, and Iran, respectively.[39]

### Two catholicosates

[edit]

The Armenian Apostolic Church currently has two sees. First, there is the Catholicos of All Armenians residing in Etchmiadzin, Armenia, at the Mother See of Holy Etchmiadzin. Second, there is the Catholicosate of the Great House of Cilicia, headquartered since 1930 in Antelias, Lebanon.

The Armenian Catholic Church is completely distinct from the Armenian Apostolic Church and is headed by its own Patriarch-Catholicos.[12]

### Two patriarchates

[edit]

Armenian Patriarchate of Jerusalem

The Armenian Apostolic Church has two patriarchates of high authority, both under the jurisdiction of the Catholicos of All Armenians:

* The Armenian Patriarchate of Jerusalem (Armenian: Առաքելական Աթոռ Սրբոց Յակովբեանց Յերուսաղեմ, literally Apostolic Seat of St. James in Jerusalem), whose seat is in the Armenian Quarter of Jerusalem. It is headed since 2013 by the Patriarch of Jerusalem, Archbishop Nourhan Manougian.
* The Armenian Patriarchate of Constantinople (Armenian: Պատրիարքութիւն Հայոց Կոստանդնուպոլսոյ) and All of Turkey, which has jurisdiction in the modern-day Republic of Turkey. Its seat is in Istanbul, Turkey and is headed since 2019 by the Armenian Patriarch of Constantinople, Archbishop Sahak II Mashalian.[40]

### Eparchies (dioceses)

[edit]

List of eparchies:[41]

#### Armenia

[edit]

* Aragatsotn eparchy[41]
* Diocese of Armavir[41]
* Ararat Patriarchal eparchy[41]
* Artik eparchy[41]
* Gegharkunik eparchy[41]
* Gougark eparchy[41]
* Kotayk eparchy[41]
* Shirak eparchy[41]
* Syunik eparchy[41]
* Tavush eparchy[41]
* Vayots Dzor eparchy[41]
* Artsakh eparchy[41]

#### Dioceses/exarchates of the diaspora

[edit]

Europe

* Diocese of Russia and New Nakhichevan[41]
* Diocese of Southern Russia[41]
* Diocese of Ukraine[41]
* Exarchate of Central Europe[41]
* Exarchate of Western Europe[41]
* Diocese of Georgia[41]
* Diocese of Romania[41]
* Diocese of Bulgaria[41]
* Diocese of Greece[41]
* Diocese of Germany[41]
* Diocese of Switzerland[41]
* Diocese of France[41]
* Diocese of Great Britain and Ireland[41]

Middle East

* Diocese of Egypt[41]

New World

* Diocese of Canada[41]
* Western Diocese (USA)[41]
* Eastern Diocese (USA)[41]
* Diocese of Australia and New Zealand[41]
* Diocese of Argentina[41]
* Diocese of Uruguay[41]

Armenian Church in Madras, India, constructed in 1712

## Dioceses of Cilicia

[edit]

### Current dioceses

[edit]

Source:[42]

* Armenian Prelacy of Lebanon, based in Beirut
* Armenian Prelacy of Aleppo, based in Aleppo
* Armenian Prelacy of Jezireh [hy], based in Qamishli
* Armenian Prelacy of Isfahan, based in New Julfa
* Armenian Prelacy of Atrpatakan, in Tabriz
* Armenian Prelacy of Tehran [hy], based in Tehran (Saint Sarkis Cathedral)
* Armenian Prelacy of Kuwait & Neighboring Countries [hy], based in Kuwait City
* Armenian Prelacy of the United Arab Emirates and Qatar, based in Abu Dhabi
* Armenian Prelacy of Cyprus, based in Nicosia
* Armenian Prelacy of Greece, based in Athens
* Armenian Prelacy of Canada, based in Montreal
* Armenian Prelacy of the Eastern United States [hy], based in Manhattan, New York
* Armenian Prelacy of the Western United States [hy], based in Sunland-Tujunga, Los Angeles
* Armenian Prelacy of Venezuela, based in Caracas

### Former dioceses as of 1915

[edit]

Source:[43]

* Armenian Prelacy of Sis [hy], based in Kozan
* Armenian Prelacy of Adana [hy], based in Adana
* Armenian Prelacy of Hadjin, based in Saimbeyli
* Armenian Prelacy of Payas, based in Payas
* Armenian Prelacy of Germanik or Marash, based in Kahramanmaraş
* Armenian Prelacy of Ulnia or Zeytun [hy], based in Süleymanlı
* Armenian Prelacy of Firnouze, based in Fırnız
* Armenian Prelacy of Aintab [hy], based in Gaziantep
* Armenian Prelacy of Antiok, based in Antakya
* Armenian Prelacy of Malatia [hy], based in Malatya
* Armenian Prelacy of Yozghat, based in Yozgat
* Armenian Prelacy of Gyurin, based in Gürün
* Armenian Prelacy of Tevrik, based in Divriği
* Armenian Prelacy of Daranda, based in Darende

## Women in the Armenian Church

[edit]

The Armenian Church does not ordain women to the priesthood.[44] Historically, however, monastic women have been ordained as deacons within a convent environment.[45] When ordained to the diaconate, "men and women are ordained to the diaconate using the same rite, with both having functions of chanting the Gospel and serving in the Divine Liturgy."[46] Monastic women deacons generally do not minister in traditional parish churches or cathedrals, although the late Sister Hripseme did minister and serve during public liturgies, including in the United States.[47] The Armenian Church's last monastic deaconess was Sister Hripsime Sasounian (died in 2007) and on 25 September 2017, Ani-Kristi Manvelian, a twenty-four-year-old woman, was ordained in Tehran's St. Sarkis Mother Church as the first parish deaconess after many centuries.[48]

Women also serve as altar girls and lay readers, especially when a parish is so small that not enough boys or men are regularly available to serve.[49][50] Women commonly serve the church in the choir and at the organ, on parish councils, as volunteers for church events, fundraisers, and Sunday schools, as supporters through Women's Guilds, and as staff members in church offices. In the case of a married priest (Der Hayr), the wife of the priest generally plays an active role in the parish and is addressed by the title Yeretzgin.[51][52]

## Armenian genocide victims canonization

[edit]

On April 23, 2015, the Armenian Apostolic Church canonized all the victims of the Armenian genocide; this service is believed to be the largest canonization service in history.[53][54][55] 1.5 million is the most frequently published number of victims, however, estimates vary from 700,000 to 1,800,000. It was the first canonization by the Armenian Apostolic Church in four hundred years.[56]

## Army Chaplaincy Program

[edit]

External videos

Chaplaincy Program in the Armenian Army (Preparations For the Parade)

The Army Chaplaincy Program of the Armenian Church is made up of more than 50 clergymen serving as military chaplains to the Armed Forces of Armenia. They organize various religious programs in the military, including delivering lectures and prayers.[57]

## Current state

[edit]

### In Armenia

[edit]

Saint Gregory the Illuminator Cathedral in Yerevan is the largest Armenian Apostolic church in the world

The status of the Armenian Apostolic Church within Armenia is defined in the country's constitution. Article 8.1 of the Constitution of Armenia states: "The Republic of Armenia recognizes the exclusive historical mission of the Armenian Apostolic Holy Church as a national church, in the spiritual life, development of the national culture and preservation of the national identity of the people of Armenia." Among others, ethnographer Hranush Kharatyan has questioned the constitutionality of the phrase "national church".[58]

In 2009, further constitutional amendments were drafted that would make it a crime for non-traditional religious groups to proselytize on adherents of the Apostolic Church. Minority groups would also be banned from spreading 'distrust' in other faiths.[59] Hrant Bagratyan, former Prime Minister of Armenia, condemned the close association of the Armenian Apostolic Church with the Armenian government, calling the Church an "untouchable" organisation that is secretive of its income and expenditure.[60]

### In Artsakh

[edit]

Main article: Diocese of Artsakh

This section needs to be updated. Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information. (October 2023)

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After the Bolshevik revolution and the subsequent Soviet occupation of Armenia, all functioning religious institutions in the NKAO were closed down and clergymen often either exiled or shot.[citation needed]

After a while the Armenian Apostolic Church resumed its activities. There were weddings, baptisms, and every Sunday Patarag at a free will attendance basis. The Armenian Apostolic Church since 1989 restored or constructed more than 30 churches worldwide. In 2009 the Republic of Artsakh government introduced a law entitled "Freedom of Conscience and Religious Organisations", article 8 of which provided that only the Armenian Apostolic Church is allowed to preach on the territory of the Republic of Artsakh. However, the law did make processes available for other religious institutions to get approval from the government if they wished to worship within the Republic.[61]

### Armenian diaspora

[edit]

Main article: Armenian diaspora

Armenian Apostolic Prelacy, New York Vank Cathedral, Isfahan

Outside of West Asia, today there are notable Armenian Apostolic congregations in various countries.

In 2024, the church had 600,000 members in North America and 10,000 members in South America; they also had 25,000 members in Europe.[62]

The Armenian Patriarchate of Constantinople in Turkey and the Armenian Apostolic Church of Iran are important communities in the diaspora. These churches represent the largest Christian ethnic minorities in these predominantly Muslim countries.[63][64]

The United Kingdom has three Armenian churches: St Sarkis in Kensington,[65] London; Saint Yeghiche in South Kensington, London;[66] and Holy Trinity in Manchester.[67]

Ethiopia has had an Armenian church since the 1920s, when groups of Armenians were invited there after the Armenian genocide by Turkey.[68][69]

## Historical role and public image

[edit]

The Armenian Apostolic Church is "seen by many as the custodian of Armenian national identity."[70] "Beyond its role as a religious institution, the Apostolic Church has traditionally been seen as the foundational core in the development of the Armenian national identity as God's uniquely chosen people."[71] According to a 2018 survey by the Pew Research Center, in Armenia 82% of respondents say it is very or somewhat important to be a Christian to be truly Armenian.[72] In a 2024 survey in Armenia, 79% of respondents self-identified as belonging to the Armenian Apostolic Church.[73]

According to a 2015 survey 79% of people in Armenia trust it, while 12% neither trust it nor distrust it, and 8% distrust the church.[74]

As both Eastern and Western Armenia came under Persian and Ottoman rule, the Armenian Apostolic Church was the centre of many Armenian liberation activities.[75]

## Controversies and criticisms

[edit]

### Medieval era

[edit]

Early medieval opponents of the Armenian Church in Armenia included the Paulicians (7th-9th centuries) and the Tondrakians (9th-11th centuries).

The power relationship between Catholic and secular rulers was sometimes a source of conflict. In 1037 king Hovhannes-Smbat of Ani deposed and imprisoned Catholicos Petros, who he suspected of holding pro-Byzantine views, and appointed a replacement catholicos. This persecution was highly criticized by the Armenian clergy, forcing Hovhannes-Smbat to release Petros and reinstall him to his former position. In 1038 a major ecclesiastical council was held in Ani, which denied the king the right to elect or remove a catholicos.[76]

Architecture historian Samvel Karapetyan (1961-2016) has criticized many aspects of the Armenian Apostolic Church, especially its role in Armenian history. Karapetyan particularly denounced what he called the Armenian Church's loyal service to foreign invaders: "The Armenian Apostolic Church is a conscientious tax structure, which every conqueror needs."[77]

### Modern era

[edit]

Surveys of Armenian residents on the church by the IRI Date  | Favorable  | Unfavorable  | No opinion

|
|
|

2006[78] | 76%  | 22%  | 2%
2007[79] | 81%  | 17%  | 2%
2018[80] | 67%  | 26%  | 6%
2019[81] | 71%  | 23%  | 6%
2021[82] | 92%  | 2%  | 6%

Gerard Libaridian argued that because Armenians consider the church a national institution, it "must be respected and guarded at all times. Therefore the critical attitude regarding Armenian historical institutions is rarely applied to the Armenian Church, as it is seen as a venerable institution that unites all Armenians."[83] Stepan Danielyan, a scholar on religion, argued in 2013 that "When Armenia became independent with the collapse of the Soviet Union, a great deal was expected of the church, but those expectations have not been fulfilled. The church continues to ignore the things most people are worried about – vitally important social, economic and political problems and endless corruption scandals."[84]

In independent Armenia, the Armenian Apostolic Church has often been criticized for its perceived support of the governments of Robert Kocharyan and Serzh Sargsyan despite the formal separation of church and state in Armenia.[85][86][87][88][89] According to former Prime Minister Hrant Bagratyan religion and state management "have completely gotten mixed up". He described the church as an "untouchable" organization that is secretive of its income and expenditure.[90] Large-scale construction of new churches in the independence period[91] and the negligence of endangered historic churches by the Apostolic church (and the government) have also been criticized.[92]

In recent years, a few high-profile leaders of the church have been involved in controversies.[92] In 2013 Navasard Ktchoyan, the Archbishop of the Araratian Diocese and Prime Minister Tigran Sargsyan were alleged to have been partners with a businessman charged with laundering US$10.7 million bank loan and then depositing most of it in accounts he controlled in Cyprus.[93] In 2011 it was revealed that Ktchoyan drives a Bentley (valued at $180,000-$280,000). Pointing out the 34% poverty rate in Armenia, Asbarez editor Ara Khachatourian called it "nothing but blasphemy". He added "Archbishop Kchoyan's reckless disregard and attitude is even more unacceptable due to his position in the Armenian Church."[94]

In October 2013 Father Asoghik Karapetyan, the director of the Museum of the Mother See of Holy Etchmiadzin, stated on television that a non-Apostolic Armenian is not a "true Armenian". A spokesperson for the Armenian Apostolic Church stated that it is his personal view.[95] The statement received considerable criticism,[96] though Asoghik did not retract his statement.[97] In an editorial in the liberal Aravot daily Aram Abrahamyan suggested that religious identity should not be equated with national (ethnic) identity and it is up to every individual to decide whether they are Armenian or not, regardless of religion.[98]

## See also

[edit]

* Christianity portal

* Religion in Armenia
* Armenian Catholic Church
* Armenian church architecture
* Armenian Patriarchate of Constantinople
* Armenian Patriarchate of Jerusalem
* Holy See of Cilicia
* Saint Narek chapel

### Lists

[edit]

* List of Catholicoi of Armenia
* List of Armenian Catholicoi of Cilicia
* List of Armenian Patriarchs of Constantinople
* List of Armenian Patriarchs of Jerusalem

## Notes

[edit]

1. ^ Officially Hayastaniayts Aṙakʼelakan Surb Yekeghetsi (Հայաստանեայց Առաքելական Սուրբ Եկեղեցի)[5]

## References

[edit]

1. ^ Armenian Apostolic Church (Mother See of Holy Etchmiadzin) and Armenian Apostolic Church (Holy See of Cilicia) in the World Council of Churches
2. ^ Erwin Fahlbusch (2011). "Armenian Apostolic Church". In John Mbiti (ed.). The Encyclopedia of Christianity Online. Brill. doi:10.1163/2211-2685_eco_a599.
3. ^ Panossian, Razmik (2006). The Armenians: From Kings and Priests to Merchants and Commissars. New York: Columbia University Press. pp. 43–44. ISBN 978-0-231-13926-7. "The Armenian Apostolic Church formally became autocephalous - i.e. independent of external authority - in 554 by severing its links with the patriarchate of Constantinople."
4. ^ "Catholicos of All Armenians". armenianchurch.org. Mother See of Holy Etchmiadzin.
5. ^ ""ՀԱՅԱՍՏԱՆՅԱՅՑ ԱՌԱՔԵԼԱԿԱՆ ՍՈՒՐԲ ԵԿԵՂԵՑԻ" ԿԿ - HAYASTANYAYC ARAQELAKAN SURB YEKEGHECI RO". e-register.am. Electronic Register. Government of the Republic of Armenia.
6. ^ Augusti, Johann Christian Wilhelm; Rheinwald, Georg Friedrich Heinrich; Siegel, Carl Christian Friedrich. The Antiquities of the Christian Church. p. 466.
7. ^ Scott, Michael (2016-11-01). Ancient Worlds: A Global History of Antiquity. Basic Books. ISBN 978-0-465-09473-8.
8. ^ Grousset, René (1984) [1947]. Histoire de l'Arménie (in French). Payot. p. 122.. Estimated dates vary from 284 to 314. Garsoïan (op.cit. p. 82), following the research of Ananian, favours the latter.
9. ^ "HISTORY". ՀԱՅ ԱՌԱՔԵԼԱԿԱՆ ԵԿԵՂԵՑՈՒ Արևմտյան Եվրոպայի Հայրապետական Պատվիրակություն. Retrieved 2023-01-30.
10. ^ "History of the Armenian Church". Armenian Prelacy. Retrieved 2023-01-30.
11. ^ "Armenian Apostolic Church (Holy See of Cilicia)". World Council of Churches. January 1962. Retrieved 2023-01-30.
12. ^ a b "Armenian Synod elects new Catholicos-Patriarch of Cilicia". Vatican News. 23 September 2021. Retrieved 6 January 2022.
13. ^ Curtin, D. P.; Lewis, A.S. (January 2014). The Martyrdom of St. Bartholomew: Greek, Arabic, and Armenian Versions. Dalcassian Publishing Company. ISBN 979-8-8689-5147-3.
14. ^ a b c Gilman, Ian; Klimkeit, Hans-Joachim (2013-01-11). Christians in Asia before 1500. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-136-10978-2. Retrieved 5 March 2015.
15. ^ a b Jacob, P. H. (1895). A Brief Historical Sketch of the Holy Apostolic Church of Armenia. H. Liddell. Retrieved 5 March 2015.
16. ^ a b Issaverdenz, Jacques (1877). The Armenian Church. Retrieved 5 March 2015.
17. ^ Ehrman: Forgery and Counterforgery, pp455-458
18. ^ a b "The Aršakuni Dynasty (A.D. 12-[180?]-428)" by Nina Garsoïan, in Armenian People from Ancient to Modern Times, ed. R.G. Hovannisian, Palgrave Macmillan, 1997, Volume 1, p. 81.
19. ^ Mary Boyce. Zoroastrians: Their Religious Beliefs and Practices Psychology Press, 2001 ISBN 0-415-23902-8 p. 84.
20. ^ van Lint, Theo Maarten (2009). "The Formation of Armenian Identity in the First Millenium". Church History and Religious Culture. 89 (1/3): 269.
21. ^ See Drasxanakertci, History of Armenia, 78ff; Atiya, History of Eastern Christianity, 316ff; Narbey, A Catechism of Christian Instruction According to the Doctrine of the Armenian Church, 88ff.
22. ^ Dočkal 1940b, p. 186.
23. ^ Drasxanakertci, History of Armenia, 86–87.
24. ^ Dočkal 1940b, pp. 186–187.
25. ^ Atiya, History of Eastern Christianity, 424-26.
26. ^ Narbey, A Catechism of Christian Instruction According to the Doctrine of the Armenian Church, 86–87.
27. ^ Dočkal 1940a, p. 114.
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30. ^ Borrero, Mauricio (2009) [2004]. "Chronology". Russia: A Reference Guide from the Renaissance to the Present. European Nations Series. New York: Infobase Publishing. p. 417\. ISBN 978-0-8160-7475-4. Retrieved 8 July 2023. "1903 [...] Property of Armenian Church confiscated."
31. ^ University of Exeter website
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34. ^ Winkler 1997, p. 33-40.
35. ^ Brock 2016, p. 45–52.
36. ^ Harper, Douglas. "mono-". Online Etymology Dictionary.
37. ^ μόνος. Liddell, Henry George; Scott, Robert; A Greek–English Lexicon at the Perseus Project.
38. ^ μία in Liddell and Scott.
39. ^ Dowling, Theodore Edward (1910). The Armenian Church. New York: Society For Promoting Christian Knowledge. p. 20.
40. ^ "Catholicos of All Armenians Congratulated Newly Appointed Armenian Patriarch of Constantinople". Retrieved 5 January 2020.
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42. ^ "Մայր էջ".
43. ^ "The Church of Armenia: Her history, doctrine, rule, discipline, liturgy, literature, and existing condition". 1912.
44. ^ "Ambitious International Women's Association". Archived from the original on 22 February 2012. Retrieved 5 March 2015.
45. ^ Oghlukian, Abel (1994). The Deaconess in the Armenian Church. Translated by Cowe, Peter. New York: St. Nersess Press. p. 59\. ISBN 978-1-885011-00-8.
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48. ^ Tchilingirian, Hratch (2018-01-16). "Historic Ordination: Tehran Prelacy of the Armenian Church Ordains Deaconess". The Armenian Weekly. Retrieved 2020-12-06.
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60. ^ "No Separation of Church and State in Armenia?"[permanent dead link] epress.am article, 23-12-2010.
61. ^ Naira Hairumyan, "Karabakh: Will the new law on religion curb the number of sects in Karabakh? Archived 2020-02-15 at the Wayback Machine", ArmeniaNow, 24 April 2009.
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63. ^ Golnaz Esfandiari (2004-12-23). "A Look At Iran's Christian Minority". Payvand. Retrieved 2012-03-21.
64. ^ "Global Christianity - A Report on the Size and Distribution of the World's Christian Population" (PDF). Pew Research Center.
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68. ^ BBC website, Letters from Africa: Ethiopia's lost Armenian community, article by Ismail Einashe dated March 2, 2020
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71. ^ Terzian, Shelley (2014). "Central effects of religious education in Armenia from Ancient Times to Post-Soviet Armenia". In Wolhuter, Charl; de Wet, Corene (eds.). International Comparative Perspectives on Religion and Education. AFRICAN SUN MeDIA. p. 28. ISBN 978-1-920382-37-7.
72. ^ "Eastern and Western Europeans Differ on Importance of Religion, Views of Minorities, and Key Social Issues". Pew Research Center. 29 October 2018.
73. ^ "Which religion or denomination do you consider yourself belonging to?". Caucasus Barometer 2024 Armenia. Caucasus Research Resource Centers (CRRC). Archived from the original on 28 April 2025.
74. ^ "Trust – Religious institutions respondent belongs to by Which religion or denomination, if any, do you consider yourself belong to? (%)". caucasusbarometer.org. Caucasus Barometer 2015 Armenia dataset.
75. ^ Hovannisian, R. G. (1997). Armenian People from Ancient to Modern Times. Palgrave. p. 85\. ISBN 1-4039-6422-X.
76. ^ Edda Vartanyan (ed.), Horomos Monastery, Art and History, 2015, p. 241.
77. ^ "Religions.am" "Դավանել հայ առաքելական եկեղեցի՝ նշանակում է փորել սեփական գերեզմանը". religions.am (in Armenian). 3 April 2014. Archived from the original on 2 November 2014.
78. ^ "Armenia National Voter Study: November 2006" (PDF). iri.org. Archived from the original (PDF) on 27 January 2020. Alt URL
79. ^ "Armenia National Study October 27 - November 3, 2007" (PDF). iri.org. Archived from the original (PDF) on 27 January 2020. Alt URL
80. ^ "Public Opinion Survey: Residents of Armenia: July 23–August 15, 2018" (PDF). iri.org. Archived from the original (PDF) on 26 October 2019.
81. ^ "Public Opinion Survey: Residents of Armenia: May 6-31, 2019" (PDF). iri.org. Archived from the original (PDF) on 9 July 2019.
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83. ^ Libaridian, Gerard, ed. (1991). Armenia at the Crossroads: Democracy and Nationhood in the Post-Soviet Era. Watertown, MA: Blue Crane. p. 36.
84. ^ Karapetyan, Armen (7 October 2013). "Turbulent Times for Armenia's Ancient Church". Institute for War and Peace Reporting.
85. ^ "Hovannisian Hits Back At Church Head As Thousands Again Rally In Yerevan". azatutyun.am. RFE/RL. 15 March 2013.
86. ^ "Եկեղեցին պետք է մտածի, քանի դեռ ուշ չէ. "Ժամանակ"". Aravot (in Armenian). 10 February 2015. "Իսկ հանրային կարծիքն այն է, որ ինչպես բիզնեսն ու իշխանությունները, այնպես էլ եկեղեցին և բիզնեսը սերտաճած են, և այս առումով եկեղեցական ղեկավարության բարքերը չեն տարբերվում հանրապետության ղեկավարության բարքերից:"
87. ^ "Հայ առաքելական եկեղեցին դարձրել է իշխանությունների հաճոյակատարը և նրանց շեփորահարը.Սամվել Հովասափյան". Noyan Tapan (in Armenian). 5 January 2015.
88. ^ Jaloyan, Vardan (3 January 2015). "Եկեղեցին ընդդեմ հայոց պետականության". religions.am (in Armenian). Archived from the original on 27 February 2015.
89. ^ Khachatrian, Ruzanna (14 October 2004). "Opposition MP Slams Armenian Church For Backing Government". azatutyun.am. RFE/RL.
90. ^ "No Separation of Church and State in Armenia? Opinion". epress.am. 23 December 2010.
91. ^ Papyan, Siranuysh (10 February 2015). "Եկեղեցաշինության գումարներով կունենայինք ամենաարդիական զենքով զինված բանակ". lragir.am.
92. ^ a b Mekhitarian, V.; Kojayan, M.; Abrahamian, D. (13 August 2013). "Catholicos Karekin II Stands Accused". keghart.com. Archived from the original on 29 March 2020. Retrieved 10 February 2015.
93. ^ Baghdasaryan, Edik; Aghalaryan, Kristine (31 January 2014). "Armenia: Church and State Deny Money Laundering". Organized Crime and Corruption Reporting Project.
94. ^ Khatchatourian, Ara (6 April 2011). "The Borgias of Etchmiadzin". Asbarez.
95. ^ "Աթեիստ հայը հայ չէ՞. Մայր Աթոռը չի ցանկանում մեկնաբանել Տեր Ասողիկի խոսքերը". news.am (in Armenian). 14 October 2013.
96. ^ Hunanyan, Samvel (1 November 2013). "Ցանկացած մարդ, ով իրեն հայ է համարում, նա հայ է, վերջացավ". Asparez (in Armenian).
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98. ^ Abrahamyan, Aram (15 October 2013). "Բոլորը հայ են, ովքեր իրենց հայ են համարում". Aravot (in Armenian).

## Sources

[edit]

* Brock, Sebastian P. (2016). "Miaphysite, not Monophysite!". Cristianesimo Nella Storia. 37 (1): 45–52\. ISBN 978-88-15-26168-7.
* Dočkal, Kamilo (1940a). "Povijest Armenske crkve" [History of the Armenian Church]. Bogoslovska smotra (in Croatian). 28 (2): 113–123.
* Dočkal, Kamilo (1940b). "Povijest Armenske crkve" [History of the Armenian Church]. Bogoslovska smotra (in Croatian). 28 (3): 182–192.
* Fahlbusch, Erwin (1999). "Armenian Apostolic Church". Encyclopedia of Christianity. Vol. 1\. Grand Rapids: Wm. B. Eerdmans. pp. 127–128. ISBN 0-8028-2413-7.
* Krikorian, Mesrob K. (2010). Christology of the Oriental Orthodox Churches: Christology in the Tradition of the Armenian Apostolic Church. Peter Lang. ISBN 978-3-631-58121-6.
* Winkler, Dietmar W. (1997). "Miaphysitism: A New Term for Use in the History of Dogma and in Ecumenical Theology". The Harp. 10 (3): 33–40.
* Vrej Nerses Nersessian (2007). "Armenian Christianity" (PDF). In Parry, Ken (ed.). Blackwell Companion to Eastern Christianity. Malden, MA: Blackwell. pp. 23–46\. Archived from the original (PDF) on 13 August 2011.
* Meyendorff, John (1989). Imperial unity and Christian divisions: The Church 450-680 A.D. Crestwood, NY: St. Vladimir's Seminary Press. ISBN 978-0-88141-056-3.
* Ostrogorsky, George (1956). History of the Byzantine State. Oxford: Basil Blackwell.
* Seppälä, Serafim (2021). The Struggle for Memory: The Khachkar Field of Julfa and Other Armenian Sacred Spaces in Azerbaijan, in Review of Ecumenical Studies.
* Stopka, Krzysztof (2016). Armenia Christiana: Armenian Religious Identity and the Churches of Constantinople and Rome (4th-15th century). Kraków: Jagiellonian University Press. ISBN 978-83-233-9555-3.

Armenian religious relations with the Roman Catholic Church

* Pope Benedict XIV, Allatae Sunt (On the observance of Oriental Rites), Encyclical, 1755
* Common Declaration of Pope John Paul II and Catholicos Karekin I, 1996
* Common Declaration of John Paul II and Aram I Keshishian, 1997
* John Paul II to Karekin I, 1999
* Joint Declaration signed by John Paul II and Karekin II, 2000
* Greeting by Pope Benedict XVI to Catholicos Aram I, 2008
* Dialogue and Joint Declarations with the Roman Catholic Church

## External links

[edit]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Armenian Apostolic Church.

* Armenian Church Mother See of Holy Etchmiadzin website
* Official site of the Armenian Catholicosate of Cilicia
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States with
limited recognition|

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Dependencies and
other territories|

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* Category
* Asia portal

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Oriental Orthodoxy

Eastern Christian communion of autocephalous churches from Armenia, Egypt, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Sudan and parts of the Middle East, and India

Autocephalous
churches|

* Coptic Orthodox Church
* Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church
* Armenian Apostolic Church
* Holy See of Cilicia
* Eritrean Orthodox Tewahedo Church
* Syriac Orthodox Church
* Malankara Orthodox Syrian Church

Autonomous churches|

Armenian Apostolic:
Armenian Patriarchate of Constantinople
Armenian Patriarchate of Jerusalem

Syriac Orthodox:
Malankara Jacobite

Malankara Orthodox Syrian Church:
Brahmavar (Goan) Orthodox Church

Independent
churches|

British Isles
Malabar Independent Syrian Church
Syncretic Oriential Catholic Churches: Communion of Western Orthodox Churches

Celtic Orthodox Church
Tigrayan Orthodox Tewahedo Church

Liturgy|

* Alexandrian Rite
* Anaphora of Saint Gregory
* Armenian Rite
* West Syriac Rite
* Liturgy of Saint James
* Liturgy of Saint Basil
* Liturgy of Saint Cyril
* Malankara Rite

* v
* t
* e

History of Christianity

* Spread
* History of theology
* Historicity of the Bible
* List of martyrs

Timeline|

| Centuries|

* 1st
* 2nd and 3rd
* 4th
* 5th
* 6th
* 7th
* 8th
* 9th
* 10th
* 11th
* 12th
* 13th
* 14th
* 15th
* 16th
* 17th
* 18th
* 19th
* 20th
* 21st

|

Early
Christianity|

| Origins and
Apostolic Age|

* Background
* Chronology of Jesus
* birth
* baptism
* ministry
* crucifixion
* resurrection
* Great Commission
* ascension
* historical Jesus
* Holy Spirit
* Apostles in the New Testament
* Jewish Christianity
* Split
* Paul the Apostle
* Council of Jerusalem
* Gospels
* Acts
* Pauline epistles
* General epistles
* Revelation

|

Ante-Nicene
period|

* Diversity
* Adoptionism
* Arianism
* Docetism
* Donatism
* Gnosticism
* Marcionism
* Montanism
* Canon development
* Persecution
* Apostolic / Church Fathers
* Clement of Rome
* Polycarp
* Ignatius
* Irenaeus
* Justin Martyr
* Tertullian
* Origen
* Great Church
* Early African

Late antiquity|

* Constantine
* Constantinian shift
* Roman state religion
* Monasticism
* Councils
* Nicaea I
* Creed
* Christianity
* Athanasius
* Jerome
* Augustine
* Constantinople I
* Ephesus I
* Chalcedon
* Chalcedonian / Non-Chalcedonian
* Biblical canon

Catholicism
(Timeline)|

* Papacy
* Development of primacy
* Eastern Orthodox opposition
* Peace and Truce of God
* Crusading movement
* Lateran IV
* Art patronage of Julius II
* Leo X
* Counter-Reformation
* Trent
* Art
* Catholic Reformation
* Jesuits
* Xavier
* Thomas More
* Monastery dissolution
* Wars
* Mass rocks and priest holes
* Guadalupe
* Jansenists
* Molinists
* Neo-Scholasticism
* Teresa
* Modernism
* Independent Catholics
* Vatican I and Vatican II
* Ecclesial community

Eastern
Christianity|

* Eastern Orthodoxy
* Oriental Orthodoxy
* Church of the East
* Chrysostom
* Nestorianism
* Icons
* Iconodulism
* Iconoclasm
* Great Schism
* Fall of Constantinople
* Armenia
* Georgia
* Greece
* Egypt
* Syriac
* Serbian
* Ethiopia
* Ottoman Empire
* Russia
* North America

Middle Ages|

* Pelagianism
* Gregory I
* Celtic
* Germanic
* Anglo-Saxon
* Franks
* Gothic
* Scandinavian
* Iceland
* Slavs
* Bohemia
* Bulgaria
* Kievan Rus'
* Moravia
* Poland
* Pomerania
* Investiture
* Anselm
* Abelard
* Bernard
* Bogomils
* Bosnian
* Cathars
* Apostolic Brethren
* Dulcinian
* Crusades
* Waldensians
* Inquisition
* Early Scholasticism
* Christian mysticism
* Dominic
* Francis
* Bonaventure
* Aquinas
* Five Ways
* Wycliffe
* Avignon
* Papal Schism
* Bohemian Reformation
* Hus
* Conciliarism
* Synods

Reformation
and
Protestantism|

* Erasmus
* Eucharist
* Calvinist–Arminian debate
* Arminianism
* Wars
* Resistance theories
* Separation of church and state
* Nicodemites
* Hymnody of continental Europe
* Formal and material principles
* Law and Gospel
* Literature
* Protestant work ethic

| Lutheranism|

* Luther
* Ninety-five Theses
* Diet of Worms
* Theology
* Bible
* Melanchthon
* Book of Concord
* Orthodoxy
* Eucharist
* Art

|

Calvinism|

* Zwingli
* Calvin
* Huguenots
* Presbyterianism
* Scotland
* Knox
* TULIP
* Baptism
* Dort
* Three Forms of Unity
* Westminster
* Orthodoxy
* Metrical psalters

Anglicanism
(Timeline)|

* Henry VIII
* Cranmer
* Elizabethan
* 39 Articles
* Puritans
* Civil War
* Church music
* Book of Common Prayer
* King James Version

Anabaptism|

* Theology
* Radical Reformation
* Grebel
* Swiss Brethren
* Müntzer
* Martyrs' Synod
* Menno Simons
* Smyth
* Martyrs Mirror
* Ausbund

1640–1789|

* Revivalism
* Missionaries
* timeline
* Baptists
* Separation of church and state
* Edicts of toleration
* Congregationalism
* First Great Awakening
* Methodism
* Millerism
* Pietism
* Fostering of early experimental science
* Neo- and Old Lutherans

1789–present|

* Camp meeting
* Holiness movement
* Second Great Awakening
* Restorationists
* Jehovah's Witnesses
* Mormonism
* Seventh-day Adventist
* Adventism
* Oxford Movement
* Laestadianism
* Finnish Awakening
* Christian existentialism
* Third Great Awakening
* Azusa Revival
* Gospel music
* Fundamentalist – Modernist controversy
* Pacifism
* Ecumenism
* Five solae
* Jesus movement
* Pentecostalism
* Charismatics
* Liberation theology
* Reformed epistemology
* Fourth Great Awakening
* Evangelical and Mainline Protestants
* Christian right and left
* Political influence of Evangelicalism in Latin America

* v
* t
* e

Christianity

* Index
* Outline
* Glossary
* Prophets
* People
* Lists of Christians
* By country

Bible
(Scriptures)|

* Canon
* Old Testament
* New Testament

Foundations|

* Church
* Creed
* Gospel
* New Covenant
* Christian tradition
* Worship

History
(timeline)
(spread)|

| Early
Christianity|

* Jesus
* in Christianity
* Chronology
* Nativity
* Baptism
* Ministry
* Sermon on the Mount
* Parables
* Miracles
* Great Commandment
* Crucifixion
* Resurrection
* Great Commission
* Ascension
* Apostles
* Church Fathers
* Apostolic Fathers

|

Great Church|

* Ante-Nicene period
* Late antiquity
* Constantine
* First seven ecumenical councils
* Nicaea I
* Chalcedon
* State church of the Roman Empire
* Christian biblical canon

Middle Ages|

* Monasticism
* Papal States
* East–West Schism
* Investiture Controversy
* Crusades
* Age of Discovery

Modern era|

* Auto-da-fé
* Protestant Reformation
* Catholic Reformation
* Thirty Years' War
* Enlightenment
* French Revolution
* Relations with Islam
* Influences

Denominations
(list, members)|

| Western|

* Catholic
* Old Catholic
* Independent Catholic (Palmarian)
* Protestant
* Adventist
* Anabaptist
* Anglican
* Baptist
* Charismatic
* Evangelical
* Holiness
* Lutheran
* Methodist
* Pentecostal
* Quakers
* Reformed
* Western Rite Orthodoxy

|

Eastern|

* Eastern Orthodox
* Church
* Oriental Orthodox (Miaphysite)
* Church of the East (Nestorian)
* Eastern Catholic

Restorationist|

* Jehovah's Witnesses
* Latter Day Saint movement
* Iglesia ni Cristo

Theology|

* Ablution
* Angel
* Born again
* Christology
* Divine apathy
* Ecclesiology
* Four marks
* Body of Christ
* One true church
* People of God
* Canon law
* Faith
* Fall of man
* Forbidden fruit
* Garden of Eden
* Final Judgement
* God
* Trinity
* Father
* Son
* Holy Spirit
* Good works
* Heaven
* Hell
* Holy water
* Hygiene
* Kingdom of God
* Liturgy
* Catholic
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* Protestant
* Love
* of Christ
* of God
* Mariology
* Theotokos
* Mission
* Monasticism
* Mortification
* Catholic
* Of the flesh
* New Covenant
* Nicene Creed
* Old Covenant
* Views
* Original sin
* Penance
* Prayer
* Repentance
* Sacraments
* Baptism
* Eucharist
* Marriage
* Confirmation
* Penance
* Anointing of the Sick
* Holy orders
* Saints
* Salvation
* Satan
* Sin
* Eternal sin
* Mortal sin
* Sins that cry to Heaven for Vengeance
* Seven deadly sins
* Venial sin
* Tradition
* Values
* Vice
* Works of mercy
* Worship

Philosophy|

* Natural law
* Ethics
* Science
* Evolution
* Politics
* Social mortgage
* Universal destination of goods
* Views on poverty and wealth
* Option for the poor
* Worldview

Other
features|

| Culture|

* Alcohol
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* Redemptive suffering
* Role in civilization
* Self-flagellation
* Sign of the cross
* Symbolism

|

Movements|

* Crusading movement
* Anarchism
* Charismatic
* Democracy
* Evangelism
* Mission
* Environmentalism
* Existentialism
* Fundamentalism
* Liberation
* Left/Right
* Mysticism
* Pacifism
* Prosperity
* Supremacy
* Terrorism
* Traditionalist Catholicism

Cooperation|

* Christendom
* Ecumenism
* Charta Oecumenica
* World Council of Churches
* World Evangelical Alliance
* Nondenominationalism

Related|

* ... and Islam
* ... and other religions
* ... and violence
* ... as an ethnicity
* Anti-Christian sentiment
* Christian universalism
* Criticism
* Jesus
* Cultural Christians
* Good and evil
* Great Apostasy
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* Spread
* Unlimited atonement
* Views on homosexuality

* Christianity portal
* Category

* v
* t
* e

Armenia articles

History
(timeline)|

| Early|

* Origins
* Name
* Shulaveri–Shomu culture
* Kura–Araxes culture
* Hayk
* Hayasa-Azzi
* Mitanni
* Nairi
* Mushki
* Urumeans
* Diauehi
* Etiuni
* Kingdom of Urartu
* Median kingdom
* Orontid dynasty
* Achaemenid Empire
* Satrapy of Armenia
* Kingdom of Armenia
* Roman Armenia
* Parthian Empire
* Byzantine Armenia
* Sasanian Armenia

|

Middle|

* Arminiya
* Sajids
* Bagratid Armenia
* Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia
* Sallarids
* Ilkhanate
* Chobanids
* Aq Qoyunlu
* Kara Koyunlu
* Ottoman Armenia
* 1508–1828 Iranian Armenia
* Safavid Iran
* Afsharid Iran
* Qajar Iran
* Erivan Khanate
* Karabakh Khanate
* Treaty of Turkmenchay
* Russian Armenia

Modern|

* First Republic of Armenia
* Soviet Armenia
* Independent Armenia

By topic|

* Armenian genocide
* Nagorno-Karabakh conflict
* Armenian national movement
* more...

Geography|

* Ararat Plain
* Armenian highlands
* Cities
* Climate
* Earthquakes
* Extreme points
* Lake Sevan
* Mountains
* Municipalities
* Rivers
* Lakes
* Shikahogh State Reserve
* Shirak Plain
* more...

Politics|

* Administrative divisions
* Constitution
* Corruption
* Elections
* Foreign relations
* Government
* Human rights
* LGBT rights
* Judiciary
* Military
* National Assembly
* National Security Service
* Police
* Political parties
* President
* Prime Minister
* President of the National Assembly
* more on government
* on politics

Economy|

* Agriculture
* AMX (stock exchange)
* Central Bank
* Central Depository
* Dram (currency)
* Energy
* Mining
* Pension reform
* Taxation
* Telecommunications
* Tourism
* Waste management

Transport|

* South Caucasus Railway

Culture|

* Alphabet
* Architecture
* Art
* Cinema
* Cuisine (wine)
* Dance
* Dress
* Language
* Eastern
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* Literature
* Music
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* more...

Demographics|

* Census
* Crime
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* Ethnic minorities
* Health
* People
* diaspora
* Social issues
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* more...

Religion|

* Armenian Apostolic Church
* Armenian Catholic Church
* Armenian Evangelical Church
* Armenian Brotherhood Church
* Judaism
* Islam
* more...

Symbols|

* Armenian Cross
* Armenian eternity sign
* Coat of arms
* Flag
* Mount Ararat
* National anthem
* Apricot
* Grape
* Pomegranate

* Outline
* Index

* Category

Authority control databases

International|

* ISNI
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National|

* Germany
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People|

* Trove

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