Armeno-Kipchak language

Extinct Turkic language of Crimea

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Armeno-Kipchak

Xıpçaχ tili, bizim til, Tatarça

17th century manuscript of a prayer in Armeno-Kipchak.

Native to| Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth
Region| Crimea
Ethnicity| Armenians
Extinct| 17th century[1]

Language family

Turkic

* Common Turkic
* Kipchak
* Kipchak–Cuman
* Armeno-Kipchak

Writing system

| Armenian script
Language codes
ISO 639-3| None (`mis`)
Glottolog| None

Armeno-Kipchak (Xıpçaχ tili, Tatarça)[2] was a Turkic language belonging to the Kipchak branch of the family that was spoken in Crimea during the 14–15th centuries. The language has been documented from the literary monuments of 16–17th centuries written in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth (modern day Ukraine) in the Armenian script. Armeno-Kipchak resembles the language of Codex Cumanicus, which was compiled in the 13th century.[3]

Speakers of the Armeno-Kipchak are considered to be linguistically assimilated Armenians.[4][5] Armeno-Kipchak-speakers generally identified as Armenian.[4]

## See also

[edit]

* Crimean Tatar language
* Karaim language
* Krymchak language
* Urum language
* Armenians in Ukraine
* Armenians in Poland

## References

[edit]

1. ^ Abdurrazak Peler, Gökçe Yükselen (2015). "Tarihte Türk – Ermeni Temasları Sonucunda Ortaya Çıkmış Bir Halk: Ermeni Kıpçakları veya Gregoryan K" [A People Emerged as A Result of Historical Turkic – Armenian Contact: The Armeno-Kipchaks or Gregorian Kipchaks]. Journal of Turkish Studies (in Turkish). 10 (8): 253. doi:10.7827/turkishstudies.8215.
2. ^ Kasapoğlu Çengel, Hülya (2013). "Comparative Phonology of Historical Kipchak Turkish and Urum Language". Gazi Türkiyat. 13: 29–43. Archived from the original on 2021-07-25. Retrieved 2021-07-25.
3. ^ Abdurrazak Peler, Gökçe Yükselen (2015). "Tarihte Türk – Ermeni Temasları Sonucunda Ortaya Çıkmış Bir Halk: Ermeni Kıpçakları veya Gregoryan K" [A People Emerged as A Result of Historical Turkic – Armenian Contact: The Armeno-Kipchaks or Gregorian Kipchaks]. Journal of Turkish Studies (in Turkish). 10 (8): 253. doi:10.7827/turkishstudies.8215.
4. ^ a b Curtin, Philip D. (1984). Cross-Cultural Trade in World History. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press. p. 186\. ISBN 0-521-26931-8. "The Armenian trade northwest around the Black Sea was harder to maintain over long periods of time. In the fourteenth and early fifteenth centuries, for example, it was very active. Armenians who settled at Crimean ports like Kaffa carried the overland trade to feed the Genoese seaborne trade diaspora to the Black Sea. These Crimean Armenians not only carried goods back toward their homeland; they also ran caravans still farther west through present-day Rumania and Poland and beyond to Nuremberg in Germany and Bruges in the Low Countries. Their colonies in Crimea were so large that the Genoese sometimes called it Armenia maritima. In that news base, Armenians also began to take on elements of the local, Tatar culture. They kept their Armenian identity, and loyalty to the Armenian church, but they began to speak Tatar as home language and even to write in with Armenian script."
5. ^ "Armeno-Kipchak". Encyclopaedia of Islam. Vol. X. Leiden, Netherlands: Brill Publishers. 2000. pp. 708–709. "The Armenians of south-western Ukraine (originating from the Crimean community) were in permanent contact with Kipcak Turks through their trading activities. As a result, they accepted this linguistic idiom as their administrative and religious language. Of this we possess many 16th-17th century records (official documents, language manuals, religious texts, etc.) which reflect a specific dialect of the Kipcak languages."

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Turkic languages

Proto-language|

* Proto-Turkic

Common Turkic|

| Argu|

* Argu
* Khalaj

|

Karluk|

| Western|

* Northern Uzbek
* Southern Uzbek

|

Eastern|

* Ili Turki
* Uyghur
* Khoton
* Lop
* Äynu

Old|

* Chagatai
* Karakhanid
* Khorezmian

Kipchak|

| Bulgar|

* Bashkir
* Tatar
* Mishar Tatar
* Nagaibak
* Old Tatar

|

Cuman|

* Armeno-Kipchak
* Crimean Tatar
* Cuman
* Karachay-Balkar
* Karaim
* Krymchak
* Kumyk
* Mamluk-Kipchak
* Urum

Kyrgyz|

* Fergana Kipchak
* Kyrgyz
* Pamir Kyrgyz
* Siberian Tatar
* Baraba
* Tom
* Southern Altai
* Telengit
* Teleut

Nogai|

* Dobrujan Tatar
* Karakalpak
* Kazakh
* Nogai
* Siberian Tatar
* Tobol-Irtysh

Oghuz|

* Salar

| Eastern|

* Khorasani Turkic
* Turkmen
* Trukhmen

|

Southern|

* Afshari
* Chaharmahali Turkic
* Qashqai
* Sonqori

Western|

* Azerbaijani
* North Azerbaijani
* South Azerbaijani
* Ajem-Turkic
* Balkan Gagauz
* Gagauz
* Karapapakh
* Turkish
* Karamanli Turkish
* Old Anatolian Turkish
* Ottoman Turkish

Siberian|

| Northern|

* Dolgan
* Yakut

|

Southern|

* Chulym
* Lower Chulym

| Sayan|

| Steppe|

* Tuvan

|

Taiga|

* Dukhan
* Soyot
* Tofa

Yenisei|

* Fuyu Kyrgyz
* Khakas
* Northern Altai
* Chelkan
* Kumandy
* Tuba
* Shor
* Western Yugur

Old|

* Old Uyghur
* Orkhon Turkic

Oghur|

* Bulgar
* Chuvash

Disputed classification|

* Khazar
* Pecheneg

Potentially Turkic languages|

* Di
* Hunnic
* Jie
* Pannonian Avar
* Tuoba
* Wusun
* Xiongnu

Creoles and pidgins|

* Hezhou
* Kurbet
* Qoqmončaq

* Italics indicate extinct languages
* Languages between parentheses are varieties of the language on their left.

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