Artisan Entertainment

Defunct American film studio

Artisan Entertainment, Inc.

Formerly| U.S.A. Home Video (1983–1987)
International Video Entertainment, Inc. (1984–1990)
LIVE Entertainment (1988–1998)
Company type| Subsidiary
Industry| Home video
Motion pictures
Founded| 1983; 42 years ago (1983)
Defunct| December 15, 2003; 21 years ago (2003-12-15)
Fate| Merged with Lions Gate Entertainment, Inc.
Successor| Lionsgate Studios
Headquarters| 15400 Sherman Way, Van Nuys, CA (1986–1998)
2700 Colorado Ave, Santa Monica, CA (1998–2004)

Key people

| Noel C. Bloom
Parent| Family Home Entertainment (1983–1984)
NCB Entertainment Group (1984–1987)
Carolco Pictures (1987–1993)
Bain Capital (1997–2003)
Divisions| Artisan Pictures
Artisan Television
Artisan Home Entertainment
Artisan Digital Media
Family Home Entertainment
iArtisan
FHE Kids
VCL

Artisan Entertainment (formerly known as U.S.A. Home Video, International Video Entertainment (IVE) and LIVE Entertainment) was an American film studio and home video company. It was considered one of the largest mini-major film studios[1] until it was merged by later mini-major film studio Lions Gate Entertainment in 2003. At the time of its acquisition, Artisan had a library of thousands of films developed through acquisition, original production, and production and distribution agreements. Its headquarters and private screening room were located in Santa Monica, California. It also had an office in Tribeca in Manhattan, New York.[2]

The company owned the home video rights to the film libraries of Republic Pictures, ITC Entertainment, Gladden Entertainment, Miramax Films, Hemdale Film Corporation, The Shooting Gallery, and Carolco Pictures before it went defunct.

Artisan's releases included Requiem for a Dream, Pi, Killing Zoe, The Blair Witch Project, Grizzly Falls, Startup.com, Novocaine, and National Lampoon's Van Wilder.

## History

[edit]

Artisan, unlike most movie studios, had its roots in the home video industry.

### 1980s

[edit]

Artisan Entertainment was founded in 1980 by Noel C. Bloom as Family Home Entertainment, Inc., and it was initially operated as a subsidiary of adult film distributor Caballero Control Corporation. It received a distribution pact with Wizard Video. In 1982, the latter had sold 10,000 copies of The Texas Chainsaw Massacre a week.[3] Also that year, the label started distributing titles by Monterey Home Video. Later on, it received a distribution deal with MGM/UA Home Video to distribute the latter's library. In 1983, it received a new agreement with Filmation in order to distribute their library on videocassette.[4]

In 1983, FHE began operating its new subsidiary U.S.A. Home Video,[5] when tapes were usually packaged in large boxes and included non-family films such as Supergirl, Silent Night, Deadly Night, several Lorimar titles and many B-movies, including those that begin and end with B-actress Sybil Danning talking about the film that is being shown under the Adventure Video label. U.S.A. also released sports videos under the U.S.A. Sports Video label.

In 1984, FHE and U.S.A. became part of Noel Bloom's NCB Entertainment Group (which also included Bloom's other labels Caballero Home Video, Monterey Home Video and Thriller Video), and then later that year, both were consolidated into International Video Entertainment, Inc., formed under NCB and also taking ownership of Monterey and Thriller Video. The IVE name was used for non-family releases (although the U.S.A. name continued until 1987) and the FHE name was used for family releases.[6][7][8][9][10][11][12] Also that year, Bloom launched Concept Productions to develop live programming.[13] In the late 1980s, the company also branched out into film distribution for television.

In 1987, IVE was acquired by Carolco Pictures from NCB Entertainment after Carolco had taken a minority interest in the latter a year earlier.[14][15][16][17][18] That year, it secured a deal with MCA Distributing Corporation to handle distribution of its titles.[19] The unrated release of Angel Heart was the first Carolco film released by IVE on video. The studio hired José Menendez, previously of RCA, as head of IVE; he was responsible for creating product deals with Sylvester Stallone's White Eagle Enterprises and producer Edward Pressman.[14] In 1989, Menendez and his wife were murdered by their two sons.[14][20] Also in 1987, Noel C. Bloom left IVE, following disputes with Carolco, to start Celebrity Home Entertainment, with some of IVE's employees defecting to the new company.[21][22] Later that year, the company had acquired the assets of home video distributor Vista Home Video from The Vista Organization for $38 million.[23]

In 1988, IVE and FHE were consolidated into LIVE Entertainment after a merger with wholesale media distributor Lieberman Enterprises.[24][25] LIVE formed new ventures outside the home video business, including ownership of retail music and video chains across the East Coast, after the acquisitions of such stores as Strawberries and Waxie Maxie, and its Lieberman subsidiary acquired Navarre Corporation.[14] Also that year, it partnered with distributor Radio Vision International to launch a music-oriented label, Radio Vision Video.[26]

### 1990–1997

[edit]

In 1990, IVE became LIVE Home Video. Carolco formed its own home video division under a partnership with LIVE. The company also formed Avid Home Entertainment, which reissued older LIVE products, as well as ITC Entertainment's back catalogue, on videocassette at discount prices (held to a $15 price point); this division was based out of Denver, CO and had their own sales force to better distinguish themselves from their parent company.[27] Also in 1990, LIVE acquired German video distributor VCL.[14][28]

LIVE Entertainment also branched out into film production. The company spent more than a million dollars to finance the 1992 film Reservoir Dogs, which marked the directorial debut of Quentin Tarantino.[29] Other films included Paul Schrader's Light Sleeper.[14]

On January 11, 1991, Live announced that it would acquire Vestron, Inc. for $24 million after its downfall; Vestron had been known best for Dirty Dancing, which had been the second highest-grossing independent film of all time. Vestron releases continued into 1992.[30]

Much of LIVE's earnings were partially thanks to Carolco's investment in the company, but by 1991, the studio was in such debt that a plan to merge the two companies was called off that December; around this time, the Lieberman assets were sold to another video distributor, Handleman, in an effort to stem LIVE's financial bleeding.[31] In May 1992, its distribution agreement with Uni Distribution Corporation expired, and LIVE signed a deal with Warner-Elektra-Atlantic.[32] The following month, LIVE defaulted on their debt payments; Carolco reduced their stake in LIVE concurrently (from a majority share of 53% to 49.9%), selling minority shares in LIVE to a group of investors led by Pioneer Electronic Corporation.[33]

In February 1993, LIVE, despite their best efforts, was forced to file for chapter 11 bankruptcy due to insufficient cash flow; as a part of this deal, Pioneer acquired 30% of LIVE's voting stock (Carolco was also restructuring, and their stake in LIVE was further reduced to 35%).[34][14] In August 1994, Carolco and LIVE plotted another merger attempt, but the plans fell apart once again that October.[35][36][37] Under new CEO Roger Burlage, the unprofitable retail assets were sold and more focus was placed upon film production (Burlage took the inspiration for this new business plan from his previous employer, Trimark Pictures).[38] In 1996, when Carolco ceased to exist as a company, StudioCanal got full rights to their film library; LIVE, under a new deal with the French-based production company, continued to distribute Carolco's films on video. LIVE also took control of its video sales at this time from WEA; WEA continued to handle distribution of its products.[39]

### 1997–2003

[edit]

In July 1997, LIVE was acquired by Bain Capital and was taken private. Though Burlage was retained as chairman initially, a new trio of executives took power: former International Creative Management agent Bill Block and former October Films partner Amir Malin became co-presidents, while former Bain Capital financial consultant Mark Curcio handled financial matters. Their goal was to utilize the large video library and the consistent profit from that area to invest in independent film production, which they saw as a market in flux in the wake of several notable independent film companies, including Orion Pictures, Miramax Films and others, being subsumed into larger corporate organizations; going along with this, LIVE's existing film production unit was shuttered. As part of the restructuring process, in April 1998, LIVE was rebranded as Artisan Entertainment; the rebranding was in part motivated by LIVE's reputation for mediocre product and lingering memories of their connection to the Menendez brothers case. The company headquarters was moved from Van Nuys, CA to oceanfront offices in Santa Monica, while the company's New York branch office relocated to the TriBeCa neighborhood.[14][40][41][42]

On December 18, 1997, LIVE entered a domestic home video deal with Hallmark Entertainment to handle the distribution of products from its Hallmark Home Entertainment subsidiary, including Crayola-branded releases and Hallmark Hall of Fame movies. These releases would be distributed under Family Home Entertainment, while Hallmark Home Entertainment would retain marketing rights.[43] By 1998, products from Cabin Fever Entertainment were added to the deal after Hallmark purchased and folded the company in March of that year.[44]

In August 1998, the distribution deal with WEA expired and was replaced by a new distribution deal with 20th Century Fox Home Entertainment.[45]

In addition to adding more theatrical releases, the company's home video subsidiary, Artisan Home Entertainment, continued to expand with more home video deals. The company began releasing products from TSG Pictures around this time, and by September 1998, Artisan signed a deal with Spelling Entertainment Group to distribute films from its Republic Pictures unit for home video release throughout a five-to-ten-year period.[46] This was followed in October 1999 with a four-year home video deal with Discovery Communications to release programming from the Discovery Channel, Animal Planet and TLC networks through dedicated labels under Family Home Entertainment.[47]

On February 10, 2000, Artisan acquired a minority stake in The Baby Einstein Company in exchange for a three-year North American home video distribution agreement for the Baby Einstein catalog.[48] The deal was eventually revoked early at the end of 2001 following The Walt Disney Company's purchase of The Baby Einstein Company.

In May 2000, Marvel Studios negotiated a deal with Artisan Entertainment for a co-production joint venture that included rights to 15 Marvel characters including Captain America, Thor, the Black Panther, Iron Fist, and Deadpool. Artisan would finance and distribute while Marvel would developing licensing and merchandising tie-ins. The resulting production library, which would also include television series, direct-to-video films and internet projects, would be co-owned.[49]

On September 13, 2000, Artisan launched Artisan Digital Media and iArtisan.[50] The last major deal Artisan undertook that year was their renewal of a distribution pact with Canadian media firm Alliance Atlantis, which included distribution rights to Artisan product in Canada, and theatrical distribution of Artisan films in Britain via AAC's Momentum Pictures unit.[51]

In 2001, the company acquired Canadian film and television company Landscape Entertainment.[52]

In May 2003, Artisan and Microsoft jointly announced the first release of a high definition DVD, Terminator 2: Judgment Day (Extreme Edition). The release was a promotion for the Windows Media version 9 format; it could only be played on a personal computer with Windows XP. Artisan had released the movie in 2002 on D-VHS.

In the summer of 2003, Marvel Enterprises placed an offer for Artisan, with then-Disney-owned and Weinstein-operated Miramax Films to provide backing for Marvel's bid.[53][54] On December 15, 2003, Lions Gate Entertainment Corporation would merge with Artisan for $220 million, and video releases through Artisan have since been re-released under the Lionsgate Home Entertainment banner. [55]

## Filmography

[edit]

### As LIVE Entertainment

[edit]

Release date  | Title  | Notes

|
|

October 23, 1992  | Reservoir Dogs | Distributed by Miramax Films
July 30, 1993  | Tom and Jerry: The Movie | American co-distributor with Miramax Films and Turner Entertainment; co-production with Film Roman
September 17, 1993  | Frauds | co-production with J&M Entertainment and Latent Image Productions
February 4, 1994  | Gunmen | American co-distributor with Dimension Films; co-production with Davis Entertainment
July 8, 1994  | Pentathlon |
January 19, 1995  | Mutant Species | co-production with Southern Star Studios
April 28, 1995  | Top Dog |
June 2, 1995  | Out-of-Sync | co-production with United Image Entertainment
September 9, 1995  | Blood and Donuts | co-production with Daban Films and The Feature Film Project
April 19, 1996  | The Substitute | Distributed by Orion Pictures
May 31, 1996  | The Arrival
August 2, 1996  | Phat Beach
September 17, 1996  | Deadly Outbreak | co-distributed by Nu Image Films
October 11, 1996  | Trees Lounge | Distributed by Orion Pictures
February 7, 1997  | Hotel de Love | co-production with Village Roadshow Pictures and Pratt Films
March 7, 1997  | The Grotesque |
September 19, 1997  | Wishmaster |
October 31, 1997  | Critical Care | co-production with Village Roadshow Pictures, Mediaworks and ASAQ Film Partnership
November 18, 1997  | Joyride | co-production with Trillion Entertainment
December 19, 1997  | Open Your Eyes | co-production with Redbus Film Distribution
February 27, 1998  | Caught Up | co-production with Heller Highwater Productions
April 17, 1998  | Suicide Kings | co-production with Dinamo Entertainment

### As Artisan Entertainment

[edit]

Release date  | Title  | Notes

|
|

June 24, 1998  | I Went Down | co-production with BBC Films, Bord Scannán na hÉireann, Irish Film Board, Raidió Teilifís Éireann, Easkel Media, Treasure Entertainment and Shooting Gallery
July 10, 1998  | Pi | produced by Protozoa Pictures; distribution only; currently owned by A24[56]
September 16, 1998  | Permanent Midnight | co-production with JD Productions
October 1998  | Dark Harbor | co-productions with Killer Films
October 2, 1998  | Strangeland | produced by Shooting Gallery, Snider Than Thou Productions, Raucous Releasing and Behaviour Communications; distribution.
October 13, 1998  | Butter | co-production with HBO Films, CineTel Pictures, Buttler Films and World International Network
October 14, 1998  | The Cruise | produced by Charter Films; distribution.
November 4, 1998  | Belly | co-production with Big Dog Films
November 6, 1998  | Arrival II | co-production with Rootbeer Films and Taurus 7 Film Corporation
November 25, 1998  | Ringmaster | co-production with Motion Picture Corporation of America and The Kushner-Locke Company
January 29, 1999  | The 24 Hour Woman | produced by Shooting Gallery; distribution.
February 26, 1999  | The Breaks |
April 9, 1999  | Foolish | co-production with No Limit Films
May 18, 1999  | Ghost Dog: The Way of the Samurai | Distribution only.
June 4, 1999  | Buena Vista Social Club | U.S. distribution only.
July 30, 1999  | The Blair Witch Project | produced by with Haxan Films; U.S. distribution.
August 25, 1999  | The Ninth Gate | U.S. distribution only, co-production with Le Studio Canal +
September 10, 1999  | Stir of Echoes |
October 8, 1999  | The Minus Man | produced by TSG Pictures, distribution only.
The Limey |
November 5, 1999  | Grizzly Falls | co-production with Providence Entertainment
November 30, 1999  | Candyman 3: Day of the Dead |
March 21, 2000  | Hot Boyz | distribution only.
July 14, 2000  | Chuck & Buck | U.S. distribution only.
August 11, 2000  | Cecil B. Demented | produced by Le Studio Canal+ and Polar Entertainment; U.S. distribution only.
August 15, 2000  | Premonition |
September 8, 2000  | The Way of the Gun |
September 12, 2000  | Bloody Murder |
October 13, 2000  | Dr. T & the Women | U.S. Distribution only.
October 27, 2000  | Book of Shadows: Blair Witch 2 | co-production with Haxan Films
Requiem for a Dream | co-production with Thousand Words and Protozoa Pictures
December 1, 2000  | Panic |
January 21, 2001  | Nobody's Baby | co-production with Millennium Films, SE8 Group and Front Street Pictures
April 19, 2001  | The Center of the World | co-production with Redeemable Features
May 9, 2001  | 'R Xmas |
May 25, 2001  | Startup.com | produced by Artificial Eye and Noujaim Films; distribution only.
July 13, 2001  | Made |
August 17, 2001  | Double Bang |
September 7, 2001  | Soul Survivors |
September 8, 2001  | Novocaine |
October 23, 2001  | Deep in the Woods |
November 13, 2001  | Ticker | co-production with Nu Image Films, Filmwerks, Kings Road Entertainment and Emmett/Furla Films
December 14, 2001  | Vanilla Sky | produced by Paramount Pictures, Cruise/Wagner Productions, Vinyl Films, Sogecine, and Summit Entertainment; studio credit only
January 6, 2002  | Sins of the Father | co-production with Landscape Entertainment and FX
February 14, 2002  | Book of Love | co-production with Crossroads Pictures
April 5, 2002  | Van Wilder | produced by Myriad Pictures and Tapestry Films; U.S. distribution only.
July 2, 2002  | Chat Room | co-production with Megastar Pictures and Inverness Media
July 23, 2002  | Con Express | co-production with PM Entertainment; U.S. theatrical distributor
September 24, 2002  | The Pool | American distribution only
October 4, 2002  | Jonah: A VeggieTales Movie | produced by Big Idea Productions and FHE Pictures; U.S. distribution only.
October 18, 2002  | Children on Their Birthdays | co-production with Crusader Entertainment, Frantic Redhead Productions, and Salem Productions; co-distributed by Koch Media and Moonstone Entertainment
October 25, 2002  | Roger Dodger | produced bv Holedigger Films; distribution only.
November 15, 2002  | Standing in the Shadows of Motown |
January 3, 2003  | Final Examination | produced by Franchise Pictures, Epsilon Motion Pictures, Hawaii Filmwerks and Royal Oaks Entertainment; distribution only.
February 18, 2003  | Bloody Murder 2: Closing Camp |
February 19, 2003  | Amandla!: A Revolution in Four-Part Harmony |
March 21, 2003  | Boat Trip | produced by Nordisk Film and Motion Picture Corporation of America; U.S. distribution only.
May 20, 2003  | The Shaft | distribution only
July 13, 2003  | Blue Hill Avenue | produced by Asiatic Pictures, Cahoots Productions and Den Pictures; distribution only.
July 22, 2003  | Guilty by Association |
August 5, 2003  | Step into Liquid |
August 19, 2003  | I've Been Waiting for You |
September 12, 2003  | Dummy | produced by Quadrant Entertainment and Dummy Productions LLC; distribution only.
October 10, 2003  | House of the Dead | American distribution only.
December 16, 2003  | Devil's Pond | co-production with Davis Entertainment, Filmworks and Splendid Pictures
February 27, 2004  | Dirty Dancing: Havana Nights | picked up by Lions Gate Films, and produced with Miramax Films, A Band Apart, Lawrence Bender Productions and Havana Nights LLC
April 16, 2004  | The Punisher | picked up by Lions Gate Films, and produced with Marvel Entertainment and Valhalla Motion Pictures; Columbia Pictures handled international rights distribution
April 30, 2005  | Man-Thing | picked up by Lionsgate Films, and produced by Marvel Entertainment, Fierce Entertainment and Screenland Movieworld; the last film by Artisan

### Television films

[edit]

Release date  | Title  | Network  | Notes

|
|
|

August 25, 2002  | RFK | Fox | co-production with 20th Century Fox Television
March 9, 2003  | Return to the Batcave: The Misadventures of Adam and Burt | CBS | co-production with Fox Television Studios and The Kaufman Company

## References

[edit]

1. ^ Carver, Benedict (September 28, 1998). "Artisan Home Entertainment ups exex". Variety. Archived from the original on July 10, 2019. Retrieved October 8, 2016. "Artisan Home Entertainment, a division of mini-major Artisan Entertainment, has upped Jed Grossman to senior vice president, rental sales and distribution."
2. ^ "Company Profile." Artisan Entertainment. April 8, 2003. Retrieved on September 3, 2011.
3. ^ "'Chainsaw' Sells 10,000 A Week" (PDF). Billboard. February 13, 1982. Archived (PDF) from the original on October 26, 2021. Retrieved October 26, 2021.
4. ^ Foti, Laura (April 2, 1983). "Children's Market on the Rise" (PDF). Billboard. Archived (PDF) from the original on October 28, 2021. Retrieved October 28, 2021.
5. ^ "Low Videocassette Prices Seen Rejuvenating Market" (PDF). Billboard. June 11, 1983. Archived (PDF) from the original on October 26, 2021. Retrieved October 26, 2021.
6. ^ Wasser, F. (2009). Veni, Vidi, Video: The Hollywood Empire and the VCR. University of Texas Press. p. 107\. ISBN 9780292773943.
7. ^ Mayer, I. (1988). Kidware: The Market for Children's Media. Knowledge Industry Publications. ISBN 9780867292268.
8. ^ Billboard. November 30, 1985. p. 32\. ISSN 0006-2510.
9. ^ Billboard. May 4, 1985. p. 26\. ISSN 0006-2510.
10. ^ Billboard. August 31, 1985. p. 28\. ISSN 0006-2510.
11. ^ Billboard (August 31, 1985, p. 49).
12. ^ Billboard. November 30, 1985. p. 45\. ISSN 0006-2510.
13. ^ "New Companies" (PDF). Billboard. October 27, 1984. Archived (PDF) from the original on October 28, 2021. Retrieved October 28, 2021.
14. ^ a b c d e f g h "Artisan Entertainment Inc. - Company Profile on Artisan Entertainment Inc". Referenceforbusiness.com. Archived from the original on June 15, 2011. Retrieved July 12, 2011.
15. ^ Billboard. February 8, 1986. p. 1\. ISSN 0006-2510.
16. ^ Billboard. June 28, 1986. p. 6\. ISSN 0006-2510.
17. ^ Reed, R.M.; Reed, M.K. (2012). The Encyclopedia of Television, Cable, and Video. Springer US. p. 320\. ISBN 9781468465211.
18. ^ Billboard. July 19, 1986. p. 66\. ISSN 0006-2510.
19. ^ McCallaugh, Jim (February 28, 1987). "IVE Is Optimistic About Move To MCA Distribution" (PDF). Billboard. pp. 6, 77. Retrieved April 7, 2024.
20. ^ "Video Company Chief, Wife Found Fatally Shot in Mansion Home". Associated Press. August 22, 1989. Archived from the original on July 9, 2021. Retrieved July 7, 2021.
21. ^ Stewart, Al (May 9, 1987). "Newsline" (PDF). Billboard. Archived (PDF) from the original on October 22, 2021. Retrieved October 22, 2021.
22. ^ McCormick, Moira (June 6, 1987). "Celebrity Home Video" (PDF). Billboard. Archived (PDF) from the original on October 22, 2021. Retrieved October 22, 2021.
23. ^ Bierbaum, Tom (December 2, 1987). "IVE To Acquire All Vista Stock; On Heels of Heron Deal Dispute". Variety. p. 90\. Archived from the original on April 17, 2022. Retrieved April 17, 2022.
24. ^ Prince, pp. 145-146.
25. ^ Crouch, Gregory (December 6, 1988). "Video Distribution Firm's Losses Fade to Black". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on July 9, 2021. Retrieved July 7, 2021.
26. ^ McCullagh, Jim (May 14, 1988). "IVE Set to Bow Longform Line in July" (PDF). Billboard. Archived (PDF) from the original on October 25, 2021. Retrieved October 25, 2021.
27. ^ McCullaugh, Jim (November 17, 1990). "Riding High On Current Titles, LIVE Plans Low -Price Vid Line" (PDF). World Radio History. Retrieved January 31, 2025.
28. ^ "Live Entertainment Buys German Home Video Firm". Los Angeles Times. May 8, 1990. Archived from the original on July 9, 2021. Retrieved July 6, 2021.
29. ^ "The Times-News".
30. ^ "Live Entertainment to Close Vestron Buyout". Los Angeles Times. July 22, 1991. Archived from the original on July 9, 2021. Retrieved July 7, 2021.
31. ^ Apodaca, Patrice (December 4, 1991). "Carolco Drops Merger Talks With Live." Los Angeles Times.
32. ^ McCallaugh, Jim (May 23, 1992). "WEA Adds Cog To Vid Wheel Via LIVE Distrib Deal" (PDF). Billboard. pp. 1, 80. Retrieved April 7, 2024.
33. ^ Jeffrey, Don (June 27, 1992). "LIVE Defaults On Debt, But Not Bankrupt" (PDF). World Radio History. Retrieved January 31, 2025.
34. ^ Jeffrey, Don (April 3, 1993). "Pioneer Helps Pull LIVE From Bankruptcy" (PDF). World Radio History. Retrieved January 31, 2025.
35. ^ "COMPANY NEWS - LIVE ENTERTAINMENT AND CAROLCO SIGN MERGER ACCORD". Bloomberg News. August 13, 1994. Archived from the original on March 10, 2016. Retrieved January 8, 2017 - via The New York Times.
36. ^ "Company Town : Carolco-Live Merger Looks Dead - latimes". Los Angeles Times. October 14, 1994. Archived from the original on March 6, 2016. Retrieved January 8, 2017.
37. ^ "Carolco, Live Merger Off" (PDF). World Radio History. October 22, 1994. Retrieved January 31, 2025.
38. ^ "Reviving Live" (PDF). World Radio History. January 22, 1994. Retrieved January 31, 2025.
39. ^ Billboard. June 1, 1996. p. 81. Retrieved December 10, 2014.
40. ^ Fitzpatrick, Eileen (September 13, 1997). "Debt-Saddled LIVE Rescued By Investors; 2 Firms Buy Co., Steer It Toward Security" (PDF). World Radio History. Retrieved January 31, 2025.
41. ^ Wallace, Amy (July 27, 1998). "A Studio That Says, 'Roll 'Em'". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved January 31, 2025.
42. ^ "Reinventing Live" (PDF). World Radio History. April 18, 1998. Retrieved January 31, 2025.
43. ^ "Hallmark, Live subsid ink vid distrib'n deal". December 19, 1997.
44. ^ Goldstein, Seth (March 21, 1998). "Handleman Loses Handle On Video; Hallmark Gets A Case Of Cabin Fever" (PDF). Billboard. p. 91. Retrieved January 8, 2022.
45. ^ Billboard. September 26, 1998. p. 137. Retrieved April 7, 2024.
46. ^ "Artisan to distribute Republic". Variety. September 9, 1998. Archived from the original on March 8, 2021. Retrieved July 6, 2021.
47. ^ "Artisan boosts library". Variety. October 28, 1999. Archived from the original on July 9, 2021. Retrieved July 7, 2021.
48. ^ "Artisan Entertainment Acquires Rights to Distribute Branded Developmental Series From The Baby Einstein Company". Business Wire. February 10, 2000.
49. ^ Fleming, Michael (May 16, 2000). "Artisan deal a real Marvel". Variety. Deadline Hollywood. Archived from the original on August 16, 2014. Retrieved May 10, 2016.
50. ^ "Variety" Artisan spins web variety.com, Retrieved on July 3, 2012
51. ^ Harris, Dana (December 15, 2000). "Artisan, Alliance reup Canuck output deal". Variety. Retrieved December 16, 2023.
52. ^ Wasko, Janet (December 18, 2003). How Hollywood Works. SAGE. ISBN 978-0-7619-6814-6. "bain capital trimark."
53. ^ "Artisan bids heating up". Variety. September 16, 2003. Archived from the original on May 26, 2018. Retrieved August 23, 2016.
54. ^ Farrow, Boyd (April 16, 2004). "New York-Based Marvel Enterprises Launches London-Based International Division". Knight Ridder/Tribune Business News. Archived from the original on November 6, 2012. Retrieved September 1, 2011.
55. ^ Indiewire (October 28, 2003). "Lions Gate and Artisan Confirm Merger Plans". IndieWire. Retrieved December 28, 2024.
56. ^ Rubin, Rebecca (March 1, 2023). "A24 Acquires Darren Aronofsky's First Film 'Pi,' Sets Imax Re-Release on Pi Day". Variety. Retrieved March 1, 2023.

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Lionsgate Motion Picture Group|

* Lionsgate Films
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Key personnel|

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