Arturo Sandoval

American jazz trumpeter, pianist and composer

Arturo Sandoval

Sandoval performing in 2008

Background information
Born|  (1949-11-06) 6 November 1949 (age 75)
Artemisa, Cuba
Genres|

* Jazz
* Latin jazz
* Afro-Cuban

Occupation| Musician
Instruments|

* Trumpet
* piano
* timbales

Years active| 1977–present
Website| arturosandoval.com

Musical artist

Sandoval playing the timbales

Arturo Sandoval (born November 6, 1949) is a Cuban-American jazz trumpeter, pianist, timbalero, and composer. While living in his native Cuba, Sandoval was influenced by jazz musicians Charlie Parker, Clifford Brown, and Dizzy Gillespie. In 1977 he met Gillespie, who became his friend and mentor and helped him defect from Cuba while on tour with the United Nations Orchestra. Sandoval became an American naturalized citizen in 1998. His life was the subject of the film For Love or Country: The Arturo Sandoval Story (2000) starring Andy García.

Sandoval has won 10 Grammy Awards, Billboard Awards and one Emmy Award. He performed at the White House[1] and at the Super Bowl (1995)[2]

## Life and career

[edit]

Sandoval in the East Room of the White House, celebrating Hispanic Heritage Month

Sandoval was born into a poor family in Artemisa, a small village in the province of Havana, Cuba. He started playing music at the age of thirteen in the village band, learning the basics of music theory and percussion. After playing many instruments, he finally settled on the trumpet, playing with street musicians. In 1964, Sandoval enrolled at the Cuban National School of Arts where he took classical trumpet lessons for three years, and earned a place in the country's all-star national band. He helped establish the Orquesta Cubana de Música Moderna, which became the band Irakere in 1973. He toured worldwide with his own group in 1981. During the following year he toured with Dizzy Gillespie, who became his friend and mentor. From 1982 to 1984, he was voted Cuba's Best Instrumentalist and was a guest artist at the BBC and Leningrad Symphony Orchestras.

In 1989, Gillespie invited Sandoval to be part of the United Nations Orchestra. During a tour with this group, Sandoval visited the American Embassy in Athens, Greece, accompanied by Gillespie who helped him with his plan to defect from Cuba. He became an American citizen on December 7, 1998.[3]

Sandoval has performed Latin jazz with Paquito D'Rivera, Tito Puente, and Chico O'Farrill, Cuban music in Miami, and classical music in England and Germany. In the 1990s, he was a member of the GRP All-Star Big Band.[3]

In 2014, Sandoval performed at Eastman Theatre with Zane Musa, Dave Siegel, Teymur Phel, Johnny Friday, and Armando Arce.[4]

He has taught at Florida International University and Whitworth University, where he is in charge of its jazz ensemble.[5] He has performed with Los Angeles Philharmonic, Pittsburgh Symphony and National Symphony Orchestras. In 1996, Sandoval was commissioned by the Kennedy Center Ballet to score Pepito's Story, a ballet based on the book by Eugene Fern and choreographed by Debbie Allen. Sandoval also composed a classical trumpet concerto that he performed and recorded with the London Symphony Orchestra.

## Awards and honors

[edit]

Sandoval's score for a film about his life won an Emmy Award.[6] His compositions and performances can be heard on The Mambo Kings, which was nominated for a Grammy Award in 1992 for Best Instrumental Composition Written for a Motion Picture or for Television.[7]

His song "A Mis Abuelos" (To My Grandparents) received Grammy Award nominations for Best Instrumental Composition and Best Arrangement. This composition appeared on his Grammy-winning album Danzon.[7]

On November 20, 2013, President Barack Obama presented Sandoval with the Presidential Medal of Freedom.[8]

On December 8, 2024, Sandoval is slated to receive the Kennedy Center Honor.[9]

## Other work

[edit]

In 2015, Arturo Sandoval joined the 14th annual Independent Music Awards judging panel to assist independent musicians' careers.[10] He was also a judge for the 10th,[11] 12th[12] and 13th Independent Music Awards.[13]

## Discography

[edit]

Arturo Sandoval at the 1984 International Jazz Festival in Prague

### As leader

[edit]

* Turi (Areito, 1981)
* Arturo Sandoval y Su Grupo (Areito, 1982)
* To a Finland Station with Dizzy Gillespie (Pablo, 1982)
* Breaking the Sound Barrier (Chicago Caribbean, 1983)
* Tumbaito (Messidor, 1986)
* No Problem (Jazz House, 1987)
* Straight Ahead (Jazz House, 1988)
* Plays for the Pandas (Cocoral, 1988)
* Just Music (Jazz House, 1989)
* Arturo Sandoval (Areito, 1991)
* Flight to Freedom (GRP, 1991)
* I Remember Clifford (GRP, 1992)
* Dream Come True (GRP, 1993)
* Danzón (GRP, 1994)
* The Classical Album (RCA Victor, 1994)
* Arturo Sandoval & the Latin Train (GRP, 1995)
* Swingin'(GRP, 1996) [14]
* Hot House (N-Coded, 1998)
* Americana (N-Coded, 1999)
* Los Elefantes with Wynton Marsalis (In-akustik, 1999)
* For Love or Country: The Arturo Sandoval Story (Atlantic, 2000)
* Jam Miami (Concord, 2000)
* Ronnie Scott's Jazz House (DCC, 2000)
* L. A. Meetings (CuBop, 2001)
* My Passion for the Piano (Columbia, 2002)
* Trumpet Evolution (Columbia, 2003)
* Live at the Blue Note (Half Note, 2005)
* Rumba Palace (Telarc, 2007)
* Mambo Nights (2009)
* A Time for Love (Concord Jazz, 2010)
* Dear Diz (Every Day I Think of You) (Concord Jazz, 2012)
* At Middleton (Perseverance, 2014)
* Live at Yoshi's (Alfi, 2015)
* Ultimate Duets (Universal, 2018)
* Christmas at Notre Dame (2018)
* Rhythm & Soul (MetaJAX, 2022)

### As sideman

[edit]

With Willy Chirino

* Oxigeno (Sony, 1991)
* South Beach (Sony, 1993)
* Cuba Libre (Sony, 1998)

With Ed Calle

* DoubleTalk (Columbia, 1996)
* Sunset Harbor (Concord 1999)
* Twilight (Concord, 2001)
* 360 (Mojito, 2016)

With the GRP All-Star Big Band

* GRP All-Star Big Band (GRP, 1992)
* Dave Grusin Presents GRP All-Star Big Band Live! (GRP, 1993)
* All Blues (GRP, 1995)

With Dave Grusin

* Havana (GRP, 1990)
* The Orchestral Album (GRP, 1994)
* Random Hearts (Sony, 1999)
* An Evening with Dave Grusin (Heads Up, 2011)

With Irakere

* 3 1/2 (BASF, 1976)
* Chekere Cuba (Love 1977)
* Irakere (Areito, 1978)
* Chekere Son (JVC, 1979)
* 2 (Columbia, 1979)
* Cuba Libre (JVC, 1980)
* Live in Sweden (A Disc, 1981)
* El Coco (JVC, 1982)

With others

* Albita, Dicen Que... (Epic, 1996)
* David Amram, Havana/New York (Flying Fish, 1978)
* Paul Anka, Amigos (Columbia, 1996)
* Paul Anka, A Body of Work (Epic, 1998)
* Ricardo Arjona, Galeria Caribe (Epic, 2000)
* Luis Eduardo Aute, 20 Canciones De Amor y Un Poema Desesperado (Ariola, 1986)
* Regina Belle, Passion (Columbia, 1992)
* Eric Benet, Eric Benet (BMG, 2016)
* Tony Bennett, Duets II (Columbia, 2011)
* Canadian Brass, Noel (RCA Victor, 1994)
* Vikki Carr, Memories, Memorias (Universal, 1999)
* Dr. John, Ske-Dat-De-Dat (Concord, 2014)
* Paquito D'Rivera, Reunion (L'Escalier 1991)
* Candy Dulfer, What Does It Take (N-Coded, 1999)
* Gloria Estefan, Into the Light (Epic, 1991)
* Gloria Estefan, Mi Tierra (Epic, 1993)
* Kurt Elling, Passion World (Concord Jazz, 2015)
* Pete Escovedo, Live from Stern Grove (Concord Jazz, 2013)
* Alejandro Fernandez, Confidencias (Universal, 2013)
* Kenny G, At Last... the Duets Album (Arista, 2004)
* David Garrett, Music (Decca, 2012)
* Lucho Gatica, Historia De Un Amor (Universal, 2013)
* Dizzy Gillespie, Gillespie en Vivo (Areito, 1985)
* Dizzy Gillespie, Live at the Royal Festival Hall (Enja, 1990)
* Josh Groban, All That Echoes (Reprise, 2013)
* Ruben Gonzalez, Suena El Piano Ruben Grandes Solos (Egrem, 2009)
* Gordon Goodwin, Swingin' for the Fences (Silverline, 2000)
* George Gruntz, Sins'n Wins'n Funs (TCB, 1996)
* Henri Guedon, Afro Temple (Le Chant Du Monde, 1984)
* David Hickman, Trumpet Fiesta (Summit, 2011)
* Alicia Keys, The Diary of Alicia Keys (J 2004)
* Michel Legrand, Michel Plays Legrand (LaserLight, 1994)
* Beenie Man, Art and Life (Virgin, 2000)
* Junior Mance, ManceSolid, (Chiaroscuro, 2018)
* Martika, Martika's Kitchen (Columbia, 1991)
* Ricky Martin, Sound Loaded (Columbia, 2000)
* Johnny Mathis, How Do You Keep the Music Playing? (Columbia, 1993)
* Luis Miguel, Mis Romances (WEA, 2001)
* T. S. Monk, Monk On Monk (N2K Encoded, 1997)
* James Moody, Moody's Party (Telarc, 1995)
* Azucar Moreno, Esclava de tu Piel (Epic, 1996)
* Azucar Moreno, Ole (Epic, 1998)
* Mouskouri, Nana Latina (Mercury, 1996)
* Alphonse Mouzon, Angel Face (Tenacious, 2011)
* Billie Myers, Growing Pains (Universal, 1997)
* Chico O'Farrill, Heart of a Legend (Milestone, 1999)
* Ole Ole, Al Descubierto (Hispavox, 1992)
* Johnny Pacheco, Entre Amigos (Bronco, 2005)
* Jorge Luis Prats, Toot Suite (Areito, 1986)
* The Rippingtons, Black Diamond (Windham Hill/Peak, 1997)
* Danny Rivera, Tiempo Al Tiempo (Columbia, 1992)
* Lourdes Robles, Amaneciendo En Ti (Sony, 1993)
* Alejandro Sanz, Sirope (Universal, 2015)
* Alfredo Sadel, Alfredo Sadel En Cuba (BASF, 1978)
* Poncho Sanchez, Psychedelic Blues (Concord, 2009)
* Gilberto Santa Rosa, A Dos Tiempos De Un Tiempo (Sony, 1992)
* Jimmy Scott, I Go Back Home (Eden River, 2016)
* Jon Secada, Si Te Vas (SBK, 1994)
* Jon Secada, Secada (SBK, 1997)
* Alan Silvestri, Clean Slate (Perez Family Music Box 2013)
* Frank Sinatra, Duets (Capitol, 2013)
* Rod Stewart, As Time Goes By (J/BMG, 2003)
* Rod Stewart, It Had to Be You (J/BMG, 2002)
* Billy Taylor, Taylor Made at the Kennedy Center (Kennedy Center, 2005)
* Diego Torres, Tal Cual Es (BMG, 1999)
* Juan Pablo Torres, Pepper Trombone (RMM/TropiJazz, 1997)
* Juan Pablo Torres, Together Again (Pimenta 2002)
* Dave Valentin, Red Sun (GRP, 1993)
* Chris Walden, Full-On! (Origin, 2014)
* Ernie Watts, Reaching Up (JVC, 1994)
* Randy Waldman, Wigged Out (Whirlybird, 1998)
* Randy Waldman, Super Heroes (BFM, 2018)
* Arturo Sandoval and Kiwzo Fumero, Baby Grand, (CD Baby, 2022)

## Filmography

[edit]

* 1985: Vampiros en La Habana
* 1987: A Night in Havana: Dizzy Gillespie in Cuba
* 1990: Dizzy Gillespie and the United Nations Orchestra
* 1993: GRP All-Star Big Band Live[3]
* 1995: Lava Lava!
* 1996: Mr. Wrong
* 1996: The Perez Family
* 2000: For Love or Country: The Arturo Sandoval Story
* 2000: Knockout
* 2001: 61*
* 2010: Sacred Waters
* 2011: Oscar's Cuba
* 2013: 1000 to 1
* 2013: Antebellum
* 2013: At Middleton
* 2013: Christmas in Conway
* 2013: The Resurrection of Malchus
* 2013: Tightwire
* 2015: Underdog Kids
* 2018: The Mule
* 2019: Richard Jewell

## References

[edit]

1. ^ Shanahan, Mark (28 November 2016). "A Castro critic was playing Scullers when he learned of the former Cuban leader's death". BostonGlobe.com. Retrieved 9 October 2020.
2. ^ Clary, Mike (23 April 1997). "Trumpeter Arturo Sandoval Is Denied U.S. Citizenship". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 9 October 2020.
3. ^ a b c Diaz Ayala, Cristóbal; Kernfeld, Barry (2002). Kernfeld, Barry (ed.). The New Grove Dictionary of Jazz. Vol. 3 (2nd ed.). New York: Grove's Dictionaries. p. 499\. ISBN 1-56159-284-6.
4. ^ Kelly Mullaney (October 28, 2014). "Grammy Winner and Cuban Jazz Legend Arturo Sandoval comes to Rochester". Democrat and Chronicle. Retrieved April 29, 2019.
5. ^ "Guest Artist: Arturo Sandoval". Whitworth University. Retrieved April 29, 2019.
6. ^ "For Love Or Country: The Arturo Sandoval Story". Emmys. Retrieved April 29, 2019.
7. ^ a b "Arturo Sandoval". Grammys. Retrieved April 29, 2019.
8. ^ "Arturo Sandoval receives Presidential Medal of Freedom". International Trumpet Guild. January 29, 2020. Retrieved January 29, 2020.
9. ^ Kennedy Center Announces 47th Class of Honorees
10. ^ "The 14th Annual Independent Music Awards Winners Announced". Independent Music Awards. July 16, 2015. Retrieved April 29, 2019.
11. ^ "The 10th Annual Independent Music Awards Winners Announced". Independent Music Awards. February 16, 2011. Retrieved April 29, 2019.
12. ^ "The 12th Annual Independent Music Awards Winners Announced". Independent Music Awards. March 19, 2013. Retrieved April 29, 2019.
13. ^ "The 13th Annual Independent Music Awards Winners Announced". Independent Music Awards. March 17, 2014. Retrieved April 29, 2019.
14. ^ Music Hound Jazz ed. Steve Holtje, Music Hound, Nancy Ann Lee: 2001

## External links

[edit]

* Cuba portal
* Jazz portal
* Latin music portal

* Arturo Sandoval at IMDb
* Arturo Sandoval, "A Time for Love" by Billboard
* Arturo Sandoval Interview at NAMM Oral History Collection (July 26, 2011)
* Arturo Sandoval Clinic

* v
* t
* e

Arturo Sandoval

Studio albums|

* To a Finland Station (1983)
* Flight to Freedom (1991)
* I Remember Clifford (1992)
* Danzón (Dance On) (1994)
* Swingin' (1996)
* Hot House (1998)
* Rumba Palace (2007)
* A Time for Love (2010)
* Dear Diz (Every Day I Think of You) (2012)

Related articles|

* For Love or Country: The Arturo Sandoval Story

* v
* t
* e

Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Music Composition for a Limited or Anthology Series, Movie or Special (Original Dramatic Score)

1950s|

* Walter Schumann (1955)
* No Award (1956–1959)

1960s|

* No Award (1960–1961)
* Richard Rodgers (1962)
* Robert Russell Bennett (1963)
* Elmer Bernstein (1964)
* No Award (1965–1969)

1970s|

* Pete Rugolo (1970)
* Walter Scharf (1971)
* John Williams (1972)
* Jerry Goldsmith (1973)
* Fred Karlin (1974)
* Jerry Goldsmith (1975)
* Jerry Goldsmith (1976)
* Leonard Rosenman, Alan and Marilyn Bergman (1977)
* Jimmie Haskell (1978)
* Leonard Rosenman (1979)

1980s|

* Jerry Fielding (1980)
* Jerry Goldsmith (1981)
* Patrick Williams (1982)
* Billy Goldenberg (1983)
* Bruce Broughton (1984)
* Allyn Ferguson (1985)
* Laurence Rosenthal (1986)
* Laurence Rosenthal (1987)
* Laurence Rosenthal (1988)
* Basil Poledouris (1989)

1990s|

* James Di Pasquale (1990)
* Richard Bellis (1991)
* Bruce Broughton (1992)
* Patrick Williams (1993)
* Lennie Niehaus (1994)
* Laurence Rosenthal (1995)
* Ernest Troost (1996)
* Laurence Rosenthal (1997)
* Bruce Broughton (1998)
* Richard Hartley (1999)

2000s|

* John Altman (2000)
* Arturo Sandoval (2001)
* Adrian Johnston (2002)
* Bruce Broughton (2003)
* Bruce Broughton (2004)
* Bruce Broughton (2005)
* Geoff Zanelli (2006)
* Jeff Beal (2007)
* Jeff Beal (2008)
* Howard Goodall (2009)

2010s|

* Alex Wurman (2010)
* Carter Burwell (2011)
* Javier Navarrete (2012)
* Mychael Danna (2013)
* David Arnold and Michael Price (2014)
* Rachel Portman (2015)
* Victor Reyes (2016)
* Jeff Russo (2017)
* Cyril Aufort (2018)
* Hildur Guðnadóttir (2019)

2020s|

* Trent Reznor and Atticus Ross (2020)
* Carlos Rafael Rivera (2021)
* Cristobal Tapia de Veer (2022)
* Leo Birenberg and Zach Robinson (2023)
* Carlos Rafael Rivera (2024)

* v
* t
* e

Kennedy Center Honorees (2020s)

2020|

* Debbie Allen
* Joan Baez
* Garth Brooks
* Midori
* Dick Van Dyke

2021|

* Justino Díaz
* Berry Gordy
* Lorne Michaels
* Bette Midler
* Joni Mitchell

2022|

* George Clooney
* Amy Grant
* Gladys Knight
* Tania León
* U2

2023|

* Billy Crystal
* Renée Fleming
* Barry Gibb
* Queen Latifah
* Dionne Warwick

2024|

* Francis Ford Coppola
* Grateful Dead
* Bonnie Raitt
* Arturo Sandoval
* The Apollo

* Complete list
* 1970s
* 1980s
* 1990s
* 2000s
* 2010s
* 2020s

* v
* t
* e

Latin Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award

2000s|

* 2004: Antonio Aguilar / Roberto Carlos / Willie Colón / José José / Mercedes Sosa
* 2005: Rocío Dúrcal / Generoso Jiménez / Jorge Ben Jor / Sérgio Mendes / Johnny Pacheco / Sandro
* 2006: León Gieco / Graciela / César Camargo Mariano / Richie Ray & Bobby Cruz / Paloma San Basilio / Alberto Vázquez / Johnny Ventura
* 2007: Alberto Cortez / Lucho Gatica / Olga Guillot / Os Paralamas do Sucesso / Los Tigres del Norte / Chavela Vargas
* 2008: Vikki Carr / Cheo Feliciano / Astrud Gilberto / Angélica María / María Dolores Pradera / Estela Raval
* 2009: Cándido Camero / Beth Carvalho / Charly García / Tania Libertad / Marco Antonio Muñiz / Juan Romero

2010s|

* 2010: João Donato / Las Hermanas Márquez / Armando Manzanero / Joseíto Mateo / Jorge Oñate / Susana Rinaldi
* 2011: Joe Arroyo / Gal Costa / José Feliciano / Álex Lora / Les Luthiers / Rubén Rada / Linda Ronstadt
* 2012: Luz Casal / Leo Dan / Rita Moreno / Milton Nascimento / Daniela Romo / Poncho Sanchez / Toquinho
* 2013: Oscar D'León / Juan Formell / Roberto Menescal / Totó la Momposina / Palito Ortega / Eddie Palmieri / Miguel Ríos
* 2014: Willy Chirino / César Costa / Carlos do Carmo / Dúo Dinámico / Los Lobos / Valeria Lynch / Ney Matogrosso
* 2015: Gato Barbieri / Ana Belén / Ángela Carrasco / Djavan / El Gran Combo de Puerto Rico / Víctor Manuel / Pablo Milanés
* 2016: El Consorcio / Eugenia León / Ricardo Montaner / Ednita Nazario / Piero
* 2017: Lucecita Benítez / João Bosco / Ilan Chester / Víctor Heredia / Los del Río / Guadalupe Pineda / Cuco Valoy
* 2018: Erasmo Carlos / Dyango / Andy Montañez / José María Napoleón / Chucho Valdés / Wilfrido Vargas / Yuri
* 2019: Eva Ayllón / Joan Baez / José Cid / Lupita D'Alessio / Hugo Fattoruso / Pimpinela / Omara Portuondo / José Luis Rodríguez

2020s|

* ~~2020~~
* 2021: Martinho da Vila / Emmanuel / Pete Escovedo / Sheila E. / Fito Páez / Milly Quezada / Joaquín Sabina / Gilberto Santa Rosa
* 2022: Rosario Flores / Myriam Hernández / Rita Lee / Amanda Miguel / Yordano
* 2023: Carmen Linares / Manuel Mijares / Arturo Sandoval / Simone / Soda Stereo / Ana Torroja
* 2024: Albita / Lolita Flores / Alejandro Lerner / Los Ángeles Azules / Draco Rosa / Lulu Santos

* v
* t
* e

American Book Awards winners (1980–1999)

1980|

* Douglas Woolf
* Edward Dorn
* Jayne Cortez
* Leslie Marmon Silko
* Mei-mei Berssenbrugge
* Milton Murayama
* Quincy Troupe
* Rudolfo Anaya

1981|

* Alta
* Alan Chong Lau
* Bienvenido N. Santos
* Helen Adam
* Lionel Mitchell
* Miguel Algarín
* Nicholasa Mohr
* Peter Blue Cloud
* Robert Kelly
* Rose Drachler
* Susan Howe
* Toni Cade Bambara

1982|

* Al Young
* Duane Niatum
* E. L. Mayo
* Frank Chin
* Hilton Obenzinger
* Him Mark Lai / Genny Lim / Judy Yung
* Jerome Rothenberg
* Joyce Carol Thomas
* Leroy Quintana
* Lorna Dee Cervantes
* Ronald Phillip Tanaka
* Russell Banks
* Tato Laviera

1983|

* Barbara Christian
* Cecilia Liang
* Evangelina Vigil-Piñón
* Harriet Rohmer
* James D. Houston
* Jessica Tarahata Hagedorn
* John A. Williams
* Joy Kogawa
* Judy Grahn
* Nash Candelaria
* Peter Guralnick
* Seán Ó Tuama

1984|

* Cecil Brown
* Gary Snyder
* Howard Schwartz/ Mark Podwal
* Imamu Amiri Baraka
* Jesús Colón
* Joseph Bruchac
* Maurice Kenny
* Mei-mei Berssenbrugge
* Miné Okubo
* Paule Marshall
* Ruthanne Lum McCunn / You-shan Tang / Ellen Lai-shan Yeung
* Thomas McGrath
* Venkatesh Kulkarni
* William J. Kennedy

1985|

* Angela Jackson
* Arnold Genthe / John Kuo Wei Tchen
* Colleen J. McElroy
* Gary Soto
* Peter Irons
* Keiho Soga / Taisanboku Mori / Sojin Takei / Muin Ozaki
* Louise Erdrich
* Maureen Owen
* May Sarton
* Robert Edward Duncan
* Ron Jones
* Sandra Cisneros
* Sonia Sanchez
* Julia Vinograd
* William Oandasan

1986|

* Anna Lee Walters
* Cherríe Moraga / Gloria E. Anzaldúa
* Helen Barolini
* Jeff Hannusch
* Linda Hogan
* Miguel Algarín
* Natasha Borovsky
* Raymond Federman
* Susan Howe
* Terence Winch
* Toshio Mori

1987|

* Ai
* Ana Castillo
* Cyn Zarco
* Daniel McGuire
* Dorothy Bryant
* Etheridge Knight
* Gary Giddins
* Harvey Pekar
* James Welch
* John Wieners
* Juan Felipe Herrera
* Lucia Chiavola Birnbaum
* Michael Mayo
* Septima Poinsette Clark / Cynthia Stokes Brown
* Terry McMillan

1988|

* Allison Blakely
* Charles Olson
* Daisy Bates
* David Halberstam
* Edward Sanders
* Gerald Vizenor
* Jimmy Santiago Baca
* Kesho Y. Scott / Cherry Muhanji / Egyirba High
* Marlon K. Hom
* Benjamin Hoff
* Ronald Sukenick
* Salvatore La Puma
* Toni Morrison
* Wing Tek Lum / Tek Lum Lum

1989|

* Alma Luz Villanueva
* Askia M. Touré
* Audre Lorde
* Carolyn Lau
* Emory Elliott
* Eduardo Galeano
* Frank Chin
* Henry Louis Gates
* Isabel Allende
* J. California Cooper
* Jennifer Stone
* Josephine Gattuso Hendin
* Leslie Scalapino
* Shuntaro Tanikawa
* Charles Fanning
* William Minoru Hohri

1990|

* Adrienne Kennedy
* Barbara Grizzuti Harrison
* Daniela Gioseffi
* Elizabeth Woody
* Hualing Nieh
* Itabari Njeri
* James M. Freeman
* John C. Walter / J. Raymond Jones
* John Norton
* José Emilio González
* Sergei Kan
* Lloyd A. Thompson
* Martin Bernal
* Michelle T. Clinton / Sesshu Foster
* Miles Davis
* Paula Gunn Allen
* Shirley Geok-lin Lim / Mayumi Tsutakawa / Margarita Donnelly

1991|

* Alejandro Murguía
* bell hooks
* Bruce Wright
* Charley Trujillo
* D. H. Melhem
* Deborah Keenan
* Jessica Hagedorn
* John Edgar Wideman
* Joy Harjo
* Karen Tei Yamashita
* Lucia Berlin
* Mary Crow Dog
* Meridel Le Sueur
* Mill Hunk Herald Collective
* Nora Marks Dauenhauer / Richard Dauenhauer
* R. Baxter Miller
* Thomas Centolella

1992|

* A'Lelia Perry Bundles
* Art Spiegelman
* Benjamin Alire Sáenz
* Donna J. Haraway
* Fritjof Capra
* José Antonio Burciaga
* Keith Gilyard
* Lucy Thompson
* Norma Field
* Peter Bacho
* Peter Kalifornsky
* Raymond Andrews
* Sandra Scofield
* Sheila Hamanaka
* Verlyn Klinkenborg
* William B. Branch / Amiri Baraka / August Wilson

1993|

* Asake Bomani / Belvie Rooks
* Christopher Mogil / Peter Woodrow
* Cornel West
* Denise Giardina
* Diane Glancy
* Eugene B. Redmond
* Francisco X. Alarcón
* Gerald Graff
* Jack Beatty
* Leroy V. Quintana
* Katherine Peter
* Nelson George
* Ninotchka Rosca

1994|

* Giose Rimanelli
* Eric Drooker
* Graciela Limón
* Gregory J. Reed
* Janet Campbell Hale
* Jill Nelson
* Lawson Fusao Inada
* Nicole Blackman
* Paul Gilroy
* Ronald Takaki
* Rose L. Glickman
* Tino Villanueva
* Virginia L. Kroll

1995|

* Abraham Rodriguez
* Herb Boyd / Robert L. Allen
* Denise Chavez
* John Egerton
* John Ross
* Thomas Avena
* Linda Raymond
* Li-Young Lee
* Marianna De Marco Torgovnick
* Marnie Mueller
* Peter Quinn
* Sandra Martz
* Gordon Henry Jr.
* Tricia Rose

1996|

* Agate Nesaule
* Arthur Sze
* Chang-Rae Lee
* Chitra Banerjee Divakaruni
* E.J. Miller Laino
* Glenn C. Loury
* James W. Loewen
* Joe Sacco / Edward Said
* Kimiko Hahn
* Maria Espinosa
* Robert Viscusi
* Sherman Alexie
* Ron Sakolsky / Fred Weihan Ho
* Stephanie Cowell
* William H. Gass

1997|

* Alurista
* Derrick Bell
* Dorothy Barresi
* Guillermo Gómez-Peña
* Louis Owens
* Martín Espada
* Montserrat Fontes
* Noel Ignatiev
* Shirley Geok-lin Lim
* Sunaina Maira
* Thulani Davis
* Tom De Haven
* William M. Banks
* Brenda Knight

1998|

* Allison Adelle Hedge Coke
* Angela Y. Davis
* Brenda Marie Osbey
* Don DeLillo
* Jim Barnes
* John A. Williams
* Nancy Rawles
* Nora Okja Keller
* Sandra Benitez
* Scott DeVeaux
* Thomas Lynch

1999|

* Alice McDermott
* Anna Linzer
* Brian Ward
* Chiori Santiago
* E. Donald Two-Rivers
* Edwidge Danticat
* Judith Roche / Meg McHutchison
* Gioia Timpanelli
* Gloria Naylor
* James D. Houston
* Jerry Lipka / Gerald V. Mohatt / Ciulistet Group
* Trey Ellis
* Josip Novakovich
* Lauro Flores
* Luís Alberto Urrea
* Nelson George
* Speer Morgan
* Gary Gach
* Chiori Santiago / Judith Lowry

Authority control databases

International|

* ISNI
* VIAF
* FAST
* WorldCat

National|

* Germany
* United States
* France
* BnF data
* Czech Republic
* Spain
* Netherlands
* Latvia
* Poland
* Israel

Artists|

* MusicBrainz
* Grammy Awards

People|

* Deutsche Biographie

Other|

* IdRef
* SNAC

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