Assam Rifles

Indian border force for the Indo-Burma Border

Not to be confused with Assam Regiment.

Law enforcement agency

Assam Rifles

Insignia of the Assam Rifles

Flag of the Assam Rifles

Abbreviation| AR
Motto| Friends of the Hill People
Sentinels of the North East
उत्तर पूर्व के प्रहरी
Agency overview
Formed| 1835; 190 years ago (1835)
Employees| 65,143[1]
Annual budget| ₹13,556.89 crore (US$1.6 billion) (2025–26)[2]
Jurisdictional structure
Federal agency| India
Operations jurisdiction| Northeast India, India
Northeast India
Governing body| Ministry of Home Affairs
Constituting instrument|

* Assam Rifles Act, 2006 [3]

General nature|

* Federal law enforcement

Specialist jurisdictions|

* National border patrol, security, and integrity.
* Paramilitary law enforcement, counter insurgency, and riot control.

Operational structure
Headquarters| Shillong, Meghalaya, India
Minister responsible|

* Amit Shah, Ministry of Home Affairs and Ministety of Defense (India)

Agency executive|

* Lt Gen Vikas Lakhera[4]

Website
assamrifles.gov.in

The Assam Rifles (AR) is a paramilitary force of India[7] responsible for border security, counter-insurgency, and maintaining law and order[8] in Northeast India and in Jammu & Kashmir in lines of Rashtriya Rifles. Its primary duty involves guarding the Indo-Myanmar border. The AR is one of the Oldest Central Para-military Forces of India administered by the Ministry of Home Affairs while operational control rests with Indian Army. As a central paramilitary force, its recruitment, perks, promotions, and retirement policies are governed by Assam Rifles Regulations.[9] Approximately 80 percent of the officers are deputed from the Army, while the remaining are drawn from the AR cadre.[10][11] The AR is commanded by the Director General of the Assam Rifles (DG AR), appointed by the Ministry of Home Affairs.[12]

The AR is often nicknamed "Sentinels of the North East" and "Friends of the Hill People". It is the oldest paramilitary force in India, originally raised in 1835 as Cachar Levy, a militia to protect tea gardens and the fertile plains of Assam against unruly tribes. Its scope increased with the expansion of British Raj in Northeast India, and it was used against insurgencies in the region. The force was redesignated as Assam Frontier Police in 1883, Assam Military Police in 1891, and East Bengal and Assam Military Police in 1913.[13] It got its present name in 1917.[14] After independence, the AR functioned under the Ministry of External Affairs.[15] Its operational control was transferred to the Indian Army after the Sino-Indian War of 1962.[16] It came under the administration of Ministry of Home Affairs in 1965, with the Army retaining operational control.[15]

Throughout its history, the Assam Rifles have served in various conflicts and theaters, including World War I by serving in Europe and the Middle East, and World War II, where they served mainly in Burma. After the Chinese annexation of Tibet, the AR were tasked with manning Assam's section of the Tibetan border. They were also instrumental in maintaining law and order in Arunachal Pradesh.

As of the 2019–2020 report of the Ministry of Home Affairs, there are 46 battalions in the Assam Rifles with a sanctioned strength of 65,143 personnel.[17][18] They perform many roles including upholding internal security under the control of the army through the conduct of counterinsurgency and border security operations, provision of aid to civilians in times of emergency, and the facilitation of communications, medical assistance and education in remote areas.[19] In times of war they can also be used as a combat force to secure rear areas if needed. Since 2002, the force has had the role of guarding the India–Myanmar border.[20]

## History

[edit]

1985 postage stamp

### Early history

[edit]

The present day Assam Rifles can trace its origins to a paramilitary force known as Cachar Levy which was established by the British in 1835 in the Assam region. The Assam Rifles boasts of being the oldest paramilitary force. With approximately seven hundred and fifty men, this force was formed as a police unit to protect settlements against tribal raids and other assaults as British rule slowly moved towards the north east parts of India.[17]

Despite problems with equipment and training, the contribution of this force in opening the region to administration and commerce was nevertheless quite significant and over time they have become known as the "right arm of the civil and [the] left arm of the military" in the region.[17] In 1870 these existing elements were merged into three Assam Military Police battalions which were spread out in the Lushai Hills (later 1st battalion), Lakhimpur (2nd battalion) and Naga Hills (3rd battalion). A fourth battalion was later formed Imphal in 1915.[citation needed] Following India's independence, Col. Sidhiman Rai, MC, was appointed the first Indian DG of Assam Rifles.

Since then the name of the force has undergone a number of changes, as have the roles that it has been required to perform.

### World War I and Interwar years

[edit]

During World War I, men from what was then known as the Assam Military Police were part of the Indian forces that fought in Europe and the Middle East. Over three thousand men from the force were provided to the Gorkha regiments of the Indian Army in this time, earning seventy-six gallantry awards during the conflict including seven Indian Order of Merit awards and five Indian Distinguished Service Medals.[17] These men performed with such distinction that the name Assam Rifles was assigned in 1917 as recognition of their part in the war.[17] Elements of the force were also utilised in India during the war, being used to maintain internal security in order to free up troops from the army for use overseas. During this time, the most notable action occurred in 1917 when columns of the Assam Rifles were despatched to Patna, to restore law and order in the riot-torn city.[17]

After the war the force returned to northern India where they were used to maintain security amidst growing civil unrest and disorder. In concert with the British Indian Army, they also undertook a number of expeditions into remote tribal areas along the north-east frontier and into Burma. In 1924 they were sent to Malabar, which was then still part of the Madras Presidency, to carry out operations against the Mopla rebels.[17]

### World War II

[edit]

During World War II, the role of the Assam Rifles evolved once more as they were called upon to undertake even more varied tasks due to their status as both a police and military organisation. This time, however, their service would be undertaken closer to home. After the lightning Japanese advance in 1942, the Assam Rifles fought a number of Independent actions behind enemy lines as the task of rear-area defence and rear-guard often fell to them during the Allies retreat into India. Later, as a large influx of refugees fled from the advancing Japanese into India, the Assam Rifles were given the task of managing and organising this mass of humanity.[17]

They also organized a resistance group on the Indo–Burmese border to counter the Japanese invasion and to harass the enemy line of communications. This group became known as "Victor Force" (or sometimes V-Force), and the nucleus of it was formed from platoons made up of men from the Assam Rifles. As part of this force, Assam Rifles platoons were used as covering forces during the latter stages of the Burma Campaign. Other elements fought in the defensive "boxes" around Kohima, whilst another, from the 4th Battalion, trained as airborne troops, was dropped near the Sittang River behind Japanese lines.[19] The 1st Battalion, as part of Lushai Brigade was sent ahead of the rest of the force to provide resistance in the Chin Hills. As a testament to the performance of Assam Rifles men during the war, members of the unit received forty-eight gallantry awards. These included: three MBE's, five Military Crosses, 4 Orders of British India, one Indian Order of Merit, 13 Military Medals, 15 Indian Distinguished Service Medals and 7 British Empire Medals.[17]

Assam Rifles personnel Assam Rifles Soldier on a regular patrol.

### Postwar period

[edit]

Following the end of the war the five Assam Rifles battalions became part of the civil police under the Assam Inspector General of Police.[19] After independence, however, the Indian government assigned the Assam Rifles its own Director General, who is sent on tenure based postings from the Indian Army.[17] As the numbers of the force and the number of battalions gradually increased, the rank of the force commander was upgraded to Director General, which is occupied by a lieutenant general ranking officer in the Indian Army. The present Director General of the Assam Rifles is Vikas Lakhera .[21]

Prior to 1965, this force was under the Ministry of External Affairs, who were looking after NEFA affairs. Later, it was transferred to the Ministry of Home Affairs, with Indian Army retaining operational control. From a nominal complement of only five battalions in 1947, it has grown to 46 with several range HQs. 3 training center, and a number of logistics units function under the HQ DGAR, Shillong.[22] The Assam Rifles Public School is a much sought after education institute in the North East.

The role of the Assam Rifles continued to evolve when in 1950 a devastating earthquake hit the Assam region and the force was called in to assist in the reconstruction of the areas and help in the resettlement and rehabilitation of those affected by it.[19] Later the force was once again called to undertake a combat role when, during the 1962 Sino-Indian War elements were used to delay the advancing Chinese forces so that the Indian Army could establish its defence lines.[17] During this time and since then, the Assam Rifles also maintained their peacekeeping role in the northern areas of India in the face of growing tribal unrest and insurgency. In this environment the maintenance of law and order, countering insurgency and reassuring the people of the region became important tasks for the security forces and initially they fell to the Assam Rifles before the Army assumed control, and then later their experience and goodwill in the region was drawn upon in order to assist the army in conducting these tasks.[17] In recognition of the unit's skill in counterinsurgency operations, three battalions were deployed on Operation Pawan in Sri Lanka between December 1988 and February 1990.[19]

Through its deployment in what has become known as the "tribal belt", the Assam Rifles have developed an ethos that is based primarily upon the notion of extending the hand of friendship with the people of the region despite the troubles that have occurred there.[17] This has resulted in their employment in a number of developmental activities in the region as they have worked to bring order and security to it. As such, their role has been further expanded to include the provision of medical assistance and basic education, assisting in reconstruction and agriculture and handling communications in remote areas.[citation needed]

From a force of 5 battalions in 1947, the Assam Rifles has grown substantially over the years. In 1960 there were 17 battalions, in 1968 there were 21 and today there are 46 battalions.[19] In addition, the force has several area HQs, a training centre that processes up to 1,800 recruits at time, and a number of logistics units.[23]

## Organization

[edit]

The Assam Rifles consists of a Director General Headquarter in Shillong, 3 Inspectorate General Headquarters, 12 Sector Headquarters, 46 Battalions, one Training Centre and administrative elements with a total authorized strength of 65,143 personnel.[18]

### Organization structure

[edit]

HQ DGAR
The Assam Rifles is commanded by an officer of the rank of Lieutenant General from the Indian Army, who is known as the Director General of the Assam Rifles (DG AR). The DG AR has their office at the HQ Directorate General of Assam Rifle at Shillong, unlike other Central Armed Police Forces which are located at Delhi.[24]

HQ IGAR
HQ Inspector General Assam Rifles comes next in chain of command after HQ MGAR. It is commanded by an officer of the rank of Major General from the Indian Army and exercises command and control over the sector HQs.

Sector HQ
The Sector HQ are commanded by Army Officers of the rank of Brigadier from the Army. The Sector HQ exercises direct command and control over the Assam Rifles Battalions deployed in its area of responsibility.

Maintenance Group Assam Rifles (MGAR)
The Maintenance Groups located at various location provide the requisite administrative support to the Assam Rifles formations and battalions deployed in the field. The MGAR are commanded by officers of the rank of Lieutenant Colonel from the Army.

Workshop
The workshop are co-located with the MGAR to provide repair and recovery cover to the field formations. These workshops further provide detachments to the Sector HQs to provide repair and recovery cover as far forward as possible to the battalions.

### Areas covered

[edit]

The areas covered by the Assam Rifle are themselves divided into sectors:

* Assam Rifles North – Kohima, Nagaland
* Sector 5 – Poonch, Jammu And Kashmir
* Sector 6 – Dimapur, Nagaland
* Sector 7 – Tuensang, Nagaland
* Sector 25 – Lekhapani, Assam
* Assam Rifles South – Imphal, Manipur
* Sector 9 – Imphal, Manipur
* Sector 10 – Ukhrul South, Manipur
* Sector 26 – Thoubal, Manipur
* Sector 27 – Churchandrapur, Manipur
* Sector 28 – Kakching, Manipur
* Assam Rifles East – Silchar, Assam
* Sector 21 – Agartala, Tripura
* Sector 22 – Haflong, Assam
* Sector 23 – Aizawl, Mizoram
* Assam Rifles Training Centre & School – Dimapur, Nagaland

### Battalions

[edit]

* 1 Manipur (1 Assam Rifles) IGAR North
* 2 J&k (2 Assam Rifles) (Second to none), Mizoram
* 3 Lunglei Battalion (3 Assam Rifles) IGAR East: Tuipang, Mizoram
* 4 Mantripukhri Battalion (4 Assam Rifles)
* 5 Dimapur Battalion (5 Assam Rifles)
* 6 Khonsa Battalion (6 Assam Rifles) IGAR North
* 7 Kishtwar Battalion(7 Assam Rifles)jammu and Kashmir
* 8 Chassad Battalion (8 Assam Rifles):
* 9 Jaluki Nagaland (9 Assam Rifles)
* 10 Noney Battalion (10 Assam Rifles)
* 11 Haflong Battalion (11 Assam Rifles) (Double First) IGAR East
* 12 Joypur Battalion (12 Assam Rifles)
* 13 Kohima (13 Assam Rifles) IGAR South
* 14 Samatur Nagaland (14 Assam Rifles)
* 15 Sajik Tampak Battalion (15 Assam Rifles) IGAR South
* 16 Keithelmanbi Battalions (16 Assam Rifles) IGAR South: Imphal East District, Manipur.
* 17 Lokra Battalion (17 Assam Rifles)
* 18 Agartala Battalion (18 Assam Rifles)
* 19 Jairampur Battalion (19 Assam Rifles) (Magnificent Nineteen)IGAR North
* 20 Tengnoupal Battalion (20 Assam Rifles) IGAR South
* 21 Modi Battalion (21 Assam Rifles)
* 22 Ghaspani Battalion (22 Assam Rifles) (Bais Bahadur) Nagaland
* 23 Mokokchung Battalion (23 Assam Rifles) IGAR North
* 24 Longding Battalion (24 Assam Rifles)
* 25 Thalela J&K (25 Assam Rifles)
* 26 Paribal Tekri Battalion (26 Assam Rifles) (Ujjawal Chhabbees), Jammu & Kashmir
* 27 Thoubal Battalion (27 Assam Rifles) (Magnificiant Hornbills)
* 28 Shoor Veer Battalion (28 Assam Rifles) IGAR North
* 29 Uttam Untees Battalion (29 Assam Rifles)
* 30 Joupi Battalion (30 Assam Rifles)

* 31 Loktak Battalion (31 Assam Rifles) IGAR South
* 32 Zunheboto Battalion (32 Assam Rifles) (Tenacious Thirtytwo)
* 33 Maram Battalion (33 Assam Rifles); Chandel District, Manipur
* 34 Wusan Battalion (34 Assam Rifles), Jammu & Kashmir[25]
* 35 Somsai Battalion (35 Assam Rifles)
* 36 Jalukie Battalion (36 Assam Rifles) IGAR North
* 37 Phundrei Battalion (37 Assam Rifles) IGAR South
* 38 Shukhuvi Battalion (38 Assam Rifles)
* 39 Srikona Battalion (39 Assam Rifles B & D Coy)
* 40 Shangshak Battalion (40 Assam Rifles) IGAR South
* 41 Kiphire Battalion (41 Assam Rifles): Kiphire Dist, Nagalan
* 42 Serchhip Battalions (42 Assam Rifles) Mizoram
* 43 Moreh Battalion (43 Assam Rifles) IGAR South
* 44 Tamenglong Battalion (44 Assam Rifles) IGAR East
* 45 Chiswama Kohima(45 Assam Rifles)
* 46 Khuga Battalion (46 Assam Rifles)

NDRF Battalion

* 13 Bn NDRF,[26] Samba, Jammu & Kashmir

## Decorations

[edit]

Members of the Assam Rifles have received the following military decorations[27] \-

Pre – Independence Awards
Award  | Times awarded

|

Commander Of The Order Of British Empire (CBE) | 1
Member Of The Order Of British Empire (MBE) | 3
Companion of Order of the Indian Empire (CIE) | 2
Indian Order Of Merit (IOM) | 13
King's Police Medal (KPM) | 11
Military Cross (MC)  | 5
Order Of British India (OBI) | 6
Indian Distinguished Service Medal (IDSM)  | 31
Military Medal (MM)  | 25
British Empire Medal (BEM)  | 7
Mentioned In Dispatches | 4

Post – Independence Awards
Award  | Times awarded

|

Ashoka Chakra | 4
Param Vishisht Seva Medal | 10
Kirti Chakra | 33
Uttam Yudh Seva Medal | 1
Ati Vishisht Seva Medal[28] | 23
Vir Chakra | 5
Shaurya Chakra[29] | 147
Yudh Seva Medal | 12
Sena Medal[30] | 400
Vishisht Seva Medal[31] | 97
Mentioned in dispatches | 39

## Director General of Assam Rifles

[edit]

Main article: Director General of the Assam Rifles

The Director General Assam Rifles (DG AR) is the head of the Assam Rifles. The DG AR maintains an office in the Headquarters DG AR at Shillong. Appointed by the Government of India, the DG AR reports to the Minister of Home Affairs. The holder of this rank is a Lieutenant General of the Indian Army. The position is currently held by Lt Gen Vikas Lakhera.

## Rank structure

[edit]

Officers
Rank group  | General / flag officers  | Senior officers  | Junior officers

|
|
|

Assam Rifles[32][33]

* v
* t
* e

|  |  |  |  |

|
|

Director-general[note 1]
- | Special director-general[note 2]
- | Additional director-general[note 3]

|  |  |  |  |  |  |
Inspector general[note 4]
- | Deputy inspector-general[note 5]
- | Commandant[note 6]
- | Second-in-command[note 7]
- | Deputy commandant[note 8]
- | Assistant commandant[note 9]
- |

Enlisted ranks
Rank group  | Subordinate Officers (SO)  | Non commissioned officers (NCO)  | Constables

|
|
|

Assam Rifles[34]

* v
* t
* e

|  |  |  |  |  |  | No insignia
Subedar major
सूबेदार मेजर | Subedar
सूबेदार | Naib subedar
नायब सूबेदार | Warrant officer
- | Havildar[note 10]
हवलदार | Rifleman[note 11]

### Historic rank structure

[edit]

Enlisted ranks
Rank group  | Subordinate Officers (SO)  | Non commissioned officers (NCO)  | Constables

|
|
|

Assam Rifles[35]
–2018 |  |  |  |  |  |  | No insignia
Subedar Major
सूबेदार मेजर | Subedar
सूबेदार | Naib Subedar
नायब सूबेदार | Havildar
हवलदार | Naik
नायक | Lance Naik
लांस नायक | Sepoy
सिपाही

## See also

[edit]

* Assam Regiment
* Border Security Force
* Central Industrial Security Force
* Central Reserve Police Force
* Rapid Action Force
* Indian Army
* Indo-Tibetan Border Police
* Ministry of Home Affairs (India)
* Ministry of Defence (India)
* National Security Guard
* Paramilitary forces of India
* Rashtriya Rifles
* Sashastra Seema Bal
* Special Forces of India
* Assam Rifles (football club)

## Notes

[edit]

1. ^ Equivalent to the rank lieutenant general (लेफ्टिनेंट - जनरल)
2. ^ Equivalent to the rank lieutenant general (लेफ्टिनेंट - जनरल)
3. ^ Equivalent to the rank lieutenant general (लेफ्टिनेंट - जनरल)
4. ^ Equivalent to the rank major general (मेजर - जनरल)
5. ^ Equivalent to the rank brigadier (ब्रिगेडियर)
6. ^ Equivalent to the rank colonel (कर्नल)
7. ^ Equivalent to the rank lieutenant colonel (लेफ्टिनेंट - कर्नल)
8. ^ Equivalent to the rank major (मेजर)
9. ^ Equivalent to the rank captain (कप्तान)
10. ^ Equivalent to the rank head constable (-)
11. ^ Equivalent to the rank constable (-)

## References

[edit]

1. ^ "Annual Report Ministry of Home Affairs 2019–2020" (PDF). mha.gov.in. MHA. Retrieved 6 January 2022.
2. ^ "DEMAND NO. 51, Demands for Grants, 2025-2026, MINISTRY OF HOME AFFAIRS" (PDF). IndiaBudget.gov.in. New Delhi. 1 February 2025. p. 5. Retrieved 1 February 2025.
3. ^ "THE ASSAM RIFLES ACT, 2006".
4. ^ "Lt Gen Pradeep Chandran Nair takes over as DG of Assam Rifles". The Economic Times.
5. ^ "Rs 1.85 lakh crore allocation to MHA in budget". The Economic Times. Retrieved 2 February 2024.
6. ^ "Central paramilitary force| Ministry of Home Affairs". Ministry of Home Affairs and Ministries of Defence. Archived from the original on 24 April 2018. Retrieved 1 November 2022.
7. ^ Singh, Soibam Rocky (6 September 2020). "HC asks Centre to decide on control over Assam Rifles". The Hindu. Retrieved 5 September 2021.
8. ^ "Section 4 in Assam Rifles Act, 2006 and in J AND K ALSO". Indian Kanoon. Retrieved 1 November 2022.
9. ^ "MHA to explain functioning of Assam Rifles in northeastern states before Parliamentary panel". Asian News International. 25 May 2022. Retrieved 1 November 2022.
10. ^ Nathanael, M. P. (7 November 2019). "Changing the status quo". The Hindu. Retrieved 1 November 2022.
11. ^ Standing Committee on Home Affairs (12 December 2018). "Committee Reports". PRS Legislative Research. Retrieved 1 November 2022.
12. ^ Press Trust of India (24 August 2012). "Lt Gen Ranbir Singh appointed new DG of Assam Rifles". Business Standard. Retrieved 1 November 2022.
13. ^ Pant, Harsh V. (11 May 2020). The Routledge Handbook of Indian Defence Policy: Themes, Structures and Doctrines. Taylor & Francis. ISBN 978-1-00-007435-2. Retrieved 1 November 2022.
14. ^ News desk (13 November 2021). "From 'Cachar Levy' to Assam Rifles: All You Need to Know About India's Oldest Paramilitary Force". CNN-News18. Retrieved 1 November 2022.
15. ^ a b Singh, K. J. (29 September 2019). "Ain't broke? Don't fix: Assam Rifles delivers beyond expectations". The Times of India. Retrieved 1 November 2022.
16. ^ Tribune News Service (14 September 2019). "Assam Rifles may soon be merged with ITBP". Tribune India. Retrieved 1 November 2022.
17. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m "History of the Assam Rifles". Archived from the original on 10 March 2009.
18. ^ a b "Annual Report Ministry of Home Affairs 2019–2020" (PDF). mha.gov.in. MHA. Retrieved 6 January 2022.
19. ^ a b c d e f Sharma 2008.
20. ^ "One Border One Force?". outlookindia.com.
21. ^ "Lt Gen Sukhdeep Sangwan takes over as DG of Assam Rifles". NORTHEAST NOW. 14 May 2018.
22. ^ "Organisation Structure". assamrifles.gov.in. Assam Rifles. Retrieved 6 January 2022. "Assam Rifles is a region specific force with its operational role in the North East and therefore the HQ DGAR is also located in the East. The HQs of all other Central Para Military Forces are located at Delhi."
23. ^ "Assam Rifles Training Centre". Archived from the original on 9 March 2009.
24. ^ "Organization Structure". assamrifles.gov.in. Assam Rifles. Retrieved 6 January 2022. "Assam Rifles is a region specific force with its operational role in the North East and therefore the HQ DGAR is also located in the East. The HQs of all other Central Para Military Forces are located at Delhi."
25. ^ "J-K: Assam Rifles observes World Malala Day in Ganderbal". ANI News.
26. ^ "Assam Rifles battalion to be placed in J&K as NDRF".
27. ^ "Honours & Awards". Retrieved 10 April 2021.
28. ^ There has been one instance of a multiple award of the AVSM to the same recipient, that is a 'Bar' being awarded. This is included in this figure.
29. ^ There has been one 'Bar' awarded for the Shaurya Chakra. This is included in this figure.
30. ^ There have been six 'Bars' awarded for the Sena Medal to members of the Assam Rifles. These are included in this figure.
31. ^ There has been one instance of a Bar being awarded for the VSM to a member of the Assam Rifles. This has been included in this figure.
32. ^ "असम राइफल्स विनियमन 2016 - Assam Rifles Regulation 2016" (PDF). 18 November 2016. Retrieved 20 August 2022.
33. ^ "Two Hundred Thirteenth Report - Security Situation in the North Eastern States of India" (PDF). Department-Related Parliamentary Standing Committee on Home Affairs. 19 July 2018. pp. 6–8\. Archived from the original (PDF) on 26 September 2022. Retrieved 21 August 2022.
34. ^ "Two Hundred Thirteenth Report - Security Situation in the North Eastern States of India" (PDF). Department-Related Parliamentary Standing Committee on Home Affairs. 19 July 2018. pp. 6–8\. Archived from the original (PDF) on 26 September 2022. Retrieved 21 August 2022.
35. ^ "असम राइफल्स विनियमन 2016 – Assam Rifles Regulation 2016" (PDF). 18 November 2016. Archived from the original (PDF) on 23 May 2021. Retrieved 20 August 2022.

## Bibliography

[edit]

* Parker, John (2005). The Gurkhas: The Inside Story of the World's Most Feared Soldiers. Headline Book Publishing. ISBN 978-0-7553-1415-7.
* "History of the Assam Rifles".[usurped] Retrieved 25 February 2009.
* "Assam Rifles Training Centre".[usurped] Retrieved 25 February 2009.
* Shakespear, Leslie. (1929). History of the Assam Rifles. Macmillan: London. Reprinted in 1977 by Firma.
* Sharma, A.K. (2008). "The Assam Rifles: Sentinels of the East". Archived from the original on 19 May 2008. Retrieved 25 February 2009.

## External links

[edit]

* Official website

* v
* t
* e

Ministry of Home Affairs (India)

Departments|

| Department of Internal Security|

* Indian Police Service
* Intelligence Bureau
* Central Reserve Police Force
* Bureau of Police Research and Development
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|

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Central Armed Police Forces|

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* Prakash Chandra Sethi
* P. V. Narasimha Rao
* Shankarrao Chavan
* Buta Singh
* Mufti Mohammad Sayeed
* Chandra Shekhar
* Murli Manohar Joshi
* H. D. Deve Gowda
* Indrajit Gupta
* L. K. Advani
* Shivraj Patil
* P. Chidambaram
* Sushilkumar Shinde
* Rajnath Singh
* Amit Shah (incumbent)

Ministers of state
for home affairs|

* Ratanjit Pratap Narain Singh
* Kiren Rijiju
* G. Kishan Reddy (incumbent)

* v
* t
* e

State of Assam

Capital: Dispur

State symbols|

* Song: O Mur Apunar Desh
* Animal: Indian rhinoceros
* Bird: White-winged duck
* Flower: Foxtail Orchids (Kopouful)
* Tree: Dipterocarpus retusus (Hollong)

Topics|

* Etymology
* Biodiversity
* Brahmaputra Valley
* Cuisine
* Culture
* Economy
* Education
* Institutions of higher education
* Physical geography
* Politics
* Tourism
* Assam tea
* Assam silk
* Assam Rifles
* Assam Regiment

History|

* Kamarupa
* Chutia Kingdom
* Kamata Kingdom
* Ahom kingdom
* Kachari Kingdom
* Colonial Assam
* Assam Province (1912 – 1947)
* Legislative Assembly (Since 1937)
* Assam Mail
* Assam Accord
* Golaghat Convention
* Assam History Timeline

Administration|

* Government
* Legislative Assembly
* Chief Ministers
* Governors
* High Court
* Human rights Commission
* Police
* Political Party

Districts and divisions|

| North Assam|

* Biswanath
* Darrang
* Sonitpur
* Udalguri

|

Lower Assam|

* Baksa
* Barpeta
* Bongaigaon
* Chirang
* Dhubri
* Kokrajhar
* Kamrup
* Kamrup Metro
* Goalpara
* Nalbari
* South Salmara Mankachar

Central Assam|

* Dima Hasao
* Hojai
* Karbi Anglong
* Karbi Anglong (West)
* Morigaon
* Nagaon

Upper Assam|

* Charaideo
* Dibrugarh
* Dhemaji
* Golaghat
* Jorhat
* Lakhimpur
* Majuli
* Sivasagar
* Tinsukia

Barak Valley|

* Cachar
* Hailakandi
* Karimganj

Geography|

* Upper-Assam (East Assam)
* Lower-Assam (West Assam)
* Barak Valley (South Assam)
* Brahmaputra River
* Majuli
* Mora Dhansiri River
* Dhansiri
* Dihing
* Diphlu
* Halflong (The Hill station of Assam)

Culture|

* Assamese language
* Assamese alphabet
* Jolpan
* Traditional crafts
* Bihu
* Folk dances of Assam
* Bagurumba
* Bihu dance
* Ekasarana Dharma
* Borgeet
* Satra
* Sattriya Dance
* Saraai
* Gamosa
* Textiles and dresses (Muga and Eri)

Arts, literature,
music and cinema|

* Cinema
* Assamese literature
* Assamese poetry
* List of poets
* List of Assamese writers Pen Names
* List of Assamese Periodicals
* The Arunodoi (Orunodoi - 1846)
* The Hemkosh
* The Assam Tribune
* Assam Rhetorical Congress
* Buranji
* Kirtan Ghoxa
* Dasham
* Naam Ghosa
* Saptakanda Ramayana
* Jonaki
* Music of Assam
* Goalpariya Lokgeet
* Tokari Geet
* Dihanaam
* Hiranaam
* Dhol
* Gogona
* Pepa
* Cinema
* Joymati, first Assamese motion picture
* Guwahati Theatre Festival

People|

* History
* Assamese people
* Ahom
* Brahmin
* Kalita
* Koch
* Chutia
* Tribes of Assam
* Bodo
* Deori
* Dimasa
* Karbi
* Mising
* List of people from Assam

Notable surnames|

* Barua (and its variations)
* Bhuiyan
* Borah
* Bharali
* Borbarua
* Borgohain
* Borpatrogohain
* Borphukan
* Burhagohain
* Chakraborty
* Choudhury (and its variations)
* Das
* Deka
* Dutta
* Gayen
* Gogoi
* Gohain
* Goswami
* Hazarika
* Kalita
* Majumdar
* Saikia
* Sarma
* Chutia
* Sutradhar

Urban areas|

* Barpeta
* Bongaigaon
* Dhubri
* Dibrugarh
* Diphu
* Goalpara
* Golaghat
* Guwahati
* Jorhat
* Karimganj
* Nagaon
* North Lakhimpur
* Sivasagar
* Silchar
* Tezpur
* Tinsukia

* Fairs and Festivals
* Hindu Temples
* History

* v
* t
* e

Law enforcement agencies of India

Ministries & departments|

| Central|

* Ministry of Home Affairs

|

States|

* Bihar
* Kerala
* Maharashtra
* Tamil Nadu
* Uttar Pradesh
* West Bengal

Records and tracking|

* National Crime Records Bureau
* Crime and Criminal Tracking Network and Systems

Intelligence agencies|

* Intelligence Bureau
* Research and Analysis Wing
* Special Group
* Special Frontier Force
* National Technical Research Organisation
* Joint Intelligence Committee
* Directorate of Revenue Intelligence
* Financial Intelligence Unit
* Central Economic Intelligence Bureau
* Economic Intelligence Council

Investigation agencies|

* Central Bureau of Investigation
* National Investigation Agency
* Enforcement Directorate
* Narcotics Control Bureau
* Directorate General of Income Tax Investigation
* Investigation Division of the Central Board of Direct Taxes
* Wildlife Crime Control Bureau
* Central Bureau of Narcotics

Police forces|

| Police services|

* Indian Police Service
* State Police Services
* Delhi
* Uttar Pradesh
* Uttarakhand
* West Bengal

|

Research and Training|

* Bureau of Police Research and Development
* Indian Police Foundation and Institute
* Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel National Police Academy
* Bihar Police Academy
* CRPF Academy
* Internal Security Academy
* Jagjivan Ram Railway Protection Force Academy
* National Industrial Security Academy
* Rajasthan Police Academy
* Telangana State Police Academy

Central agencies|

* Assam Rifles
* Border Security Force
* Central Armed Police Forces
* Central Industrial Security Force
* Central Reserve Police Force
* Commando Battalion for Resolute Action
* Rapid Action Force
* Home Guard
* Indo-Tibetan Border Police
* National Security Guard
* Railway Protection Force
* Special Protection Group
* Sashastra Seema Bal

| Union territories|

* Andaman and Nicobar
* Chandigarh
* Delhi
* Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu
* Jammu and Kashmir
* Ladakh
* Lakshadweep
* Puducherry

|

States|

* Andhra Pradesh
* Arunachal Pradesh
* Assam
* Bihar
* Chhattisgarh
* Goa
* Gujarat
* Haryana
* Himachal Pradesh
* Jharkhand
* Karnataka
* Kerala
* Madhya Pradesh
* Maharashtra
* Manipur
* Meghalaya
* Mizoram
* Nagaland
* Odisha
* Punjab
* Rajasthan
* Sikkim
* Tamil Nadu
* Telangana
* Tripura
* Uttar Pradesh
* Uttarakhand
* West Bengal

| Armed and tactical units|

* Anti-Terrorism Squad
* Counter Insurgency Force
* Eastern Frontier Rifles
* Force One
* Greyhounds
* Kerala Thunderbolts
* Malabar Special Police
* Mizoram Armed Police
* Punjab Police SWAT Team
* Special Operations Group (Jammu and Kashmir)
* Special Operation Group (Odisha)
* Special Tactical Unit
* Uttar Pradesh Provincial Armed Constabulary
* Uttarakhand Provincial Armed Constabulary

|

State agencies other than police|

* Anti-corruption agencies:
* Kerala Vigilance and Anti-Corruption Bureau
* AP Anti-Corruption Bureau
* Maharashtra Anti-Corruption Bureau

* Forest Departments:
* Maharashtra
* Assam
* Tamil Nadu
* Haryana
* Telengana
* West Bengal
* Gujarat
* Uttarakhand
* Kerala
* Andhra Pradesh

* Excise and Prohibition Departments:
* Kerala Excise
* Telangana Excise
* Andhra Pradesh Excise

* State Transport Enforcement
* Kerala Motor Vehicles Department
* Department of Transport, Tamil Nadu
* Regional Transport Office

Law enforcement in India

* v
* t
* e

Border protection agencies (list)

Africa|

* Algeria
* GNA
* PAF
* Angola
* PGFA
* SME
* Benin
* ABeGIEF
* DEI
* USSF
* Botswana
* Burkina Faso
* DPF
* DSE
* Burundi
* CGM
* PAFE
* Cameroon
* Cape Verde
* Central African Republic
* Chad
* GN
* GNNT
* PNT
* Comoros
* Democratic Republic of the Congo
* DGM
* DPF
* Republic of the Congo
* DGST
* DIE
* Côte d'Ivoire
* DST
* ONECI
* Djibouti
* Egypt
* Border Guard
* PINA
* Equatorial Guinea
* Eritrea
* Eswatini
* Ethiopia
* Gabon
* The Gambia
* Ghana
* BGU
* GIS
* Guinea
* Guinea Bissau
* Kenya
* BPU
* DIS
* Lesotho
* Liberia
* Libya
* LBG
* LPA
* Madagascar
* Malawi
* Mali
* DGGN
* DNF
* DPF
* DRGS
* Mauritania
* DGGN
* DST
* Mauritius
* Morocco
* DGSN
* DGST
* GRM
* Mozambique
* RPF
* SENAMI
* Namibia
* DICC
* NAB
* SFF
* Niger
* DST
* GN
* GNN
* Nigeria
* CMCF
* NIS
* Rwanda
* São Tomé and Príncipe
* Senegal
* DPAF
* DPETV
* DST
* Seychelles
* Sierra Leone
* Somalia
* South Africa
* BMA
* JOD
* SAIS
* SAPS
* South Sudan
* Sudan
* BIB
* GAB
* GDPI
* Tanzania
* Togo
* DGDN
* GNT
* Tunisia
* DGFE
* GNT
* Uganda
* DCIC
* FFU
* Zambia
* Zimbabwe
* DIZ
* PSU

Asia|

* Afghanistan
* Armenia
* AVV
* MS
* NSS SZ
* Azerbaijan
* BPQMI
* DMX
* DSX
* Bahrain
* Bangladesh
* BGB
* DIP
* SB
* Bhutan
* Brunei
* Cambodia
* China
* NIA
* PLAGF Border Defense Units
* Georgia
* BPG
* Migratsiis
* Politsiis
* SCMI
* Hong Kong
* India
* AR
* BOI
* BSF
* ITBP
* RR
* SFF
* SSB
* Indonesia
* Imigrasi
* Border Security Task Force (Satgas Pamtas)
* Iran
* BAFIA
* Immigration
* Marzbani NAJA
* Iraq
* Israel
* CPA
* Magav
* PIBA
* Yamam
* Yamas
* Japan
* Jordan
* BRD
* DBS
* Kazakhstan
* KQQK
* UQK SQ
* North Korea
* South Korea
* KIS
* ROK MP
* Kuwait
* GDLBS
* GDR
* Kyrgyzstan
* MCK
* OKMMK
* Laos
* Lebanon
* Macau
* Malaysia
* AKSEM
* JIM
* RS
* Maldives
* Mongolia
* GIKG
* KKEG
* Myanmar
* BGF
* BGP
* MIP
* Nepal
* APF
* DOI
* Oman
* Border Guard
* DGPR
* Pakistan
* DGIP
* FC
* GB Scouts
* PR
* Palestine
* Philippines
* Qatar
* Border Guard
* GDP
* Saudi Arabia
* GDBG
* GDP
* Singapore
* Sri Lanka
* DIE
* NBMC
* Syria
* Border Guard
* BSF
* IAPD
* Republic of China (Taiwan)
* Tajikistan
* MS
* QS KDAM
* Thailand
* BPP
* IB
* TP
* Timor-Leste
* SM
* UPF
* Turkey
* GIGM
* Göçmen Hudut
* JGK
* Turkmenistan
* DMG
* DSG
* United Arab Emirates
* Border Guard
* ICA
* Manafth
* Uzbekistan
* DXX CQ
* MvaFRBB
* Vietnam
* Yemen
* Border Guard
* IPNA

Europe|

* Akrotiri and Dhekelia
* Albania
* Andorra
* Immigration
* UFE
* Austria
* BFA
* LPD
* Belarus
* DPK
* UGIM
* Belgium
* IBZ
* DGA
* Bosnia and Herzegovina
* GPBiH
* SPS
* Bulgaria
* DM
* GDBP
* Croatia
* UIDUP
* UZG
* Cyprus
* CRMD
* YAM
* Czech Republic
* OAMP
* SCP
* Denmark
* HS
* Politi
* SIRI
* US
* Estonia
* Finland
* Migri
* RVL
* France
* DCPAF
* DGEF
* OFII
* OFPRA
* Germany
* BAMF
* BPOL
* Gibraltar
* BCA
* Greece
* DAM
* KAPS
* Guernsey
* Hungary
* Border Guard
* OIF
* Iceland
* Ireland
* GNIB
* ISD
* Italy
* DCIPF
* DLCI
* GdF
* L'AC
* Jersey
* Latvia
* PMLP
* RS
* Liechtenstein
* APA
* LaPo
* SBG
* Lithuania
* MD
* VSAT
* Luxembourg
* Immigration
* PGD
* Malta
* IMA
* MPF
* AFM
* Moldova
* BMA
* PF
* Monaco
* Montenegro
* Netherlands
* AVIM
* IND
* KMar
* North Macedonia
* Norway
* Grensekom
* GSV
* PU
* UDI
* UNE
* Poland
* SG
* UDSC
* Portugal
* AIMA
* Romania
* IGI
* PFR
* Russia
* GUVM
* PSFSB
* San Marino
* Serbia
* KIRS
* UGP
* Slovakia
* MÚ
* ÚHCP
* Slovenia
* SMP
* SUNZ
* Spain
* CGEF
* GC
* OAR
* SEM
* Sweden
* NOA
* SMA
* Switzerland
* SBG
* SEM
* Ukraine
* DMS
* DPSU
* United Kingdom
* HMPO
* IE
* UKBF
* UKVI
* Vatican City

North America|

* Antigua and Barbuda
* Bahamas
* Barbados
* Belize
* BMA
* DINS
* Canada
* CBSA
* IRCC
* Costa Rica
* DGME
* Fronteras
* Cuba
* BF
* DIIE
* Dominica
* Dominican Republic
* CESFRONT
* DGMRD
* FTC-1
* UPF
* El Salvador
* Border Patrol
* DGME
* DISEFRO
* Greenland
* Grenada
* Guatemala
* DIPAFRONT
* IGM
* Haiti
* DIE
* POLIFRONT
* Honduras
* DNSPF
* INM
* Jamaica
* Mexico
* GN
* INM
* Nicaragua
* Panama
* APAP
* SENAFRONT
* SNM
* Saint Kitts and Nevis
* Saint Lucia
* Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
* Trinidad and Tobago
* United States
* CBP
* DMB
* ICE
* USBP
* USCIS

Oceania|

* American Samoa
* Australia
* Federated States of Micronesia
* Border Control
* Immigration
* Fiji
* BAF
* FID
* Kiribati
* Marshall Islands
* Nauru
* New Zealand
* Palau
* Papua New Guinea
* ICA
* PNGDF
* Samoa
* Solomon Islands
* Tonga
* Tuvalu
* Vanuatu
* BV
* VIS

South America|

* Argentina
* DNM
* GNA
* Bolivia
* Border Police
* DIGEMIG
* UPCOM
* Brazil
* BPFron
* GESFRON
* PF
* Chile
* CdC
* JENAMIG
* Colombia
* Ecuador
* Guyana
* DOC
* GPF
* Paraguay
* Peru
* Migraciones
* PNP
* Suriname
* Immigration
* KMP
* VZ
* Uruguay
* Venezuela
* GNB
* Immigration
* SAIME

International|

* United Nations
* International Organization for Migration
* CIS
* European Union

Non-recognized|

* Donetsk
* MS DNR
* SPO DNR
* Kosovo
* DCAM
* DPK
* Luhansk
* SPO LNR
* UMS LNR
* Northern Cyprus
* Somaliland
* SIBC
* Transnistria
* PU MGB
* UPVM MVD

Defunct|

* Albania (till 1939)
* Byzantine Empire
* Czechoslovakia (till 1939)
* East Germany
* Estonia (till 2010)
* Germany (till 1945)
* Italy (till 1943)
* Liechtenstein (till 1923)
* Poland
* KOP (till 1939)
* BPT (till 1991)
* Roman Empire
* Soviet Union
* Spain (till 1940)
* Portugal
* SEF (till 2023)
* United Kingdom
* IND (till 2007)
* BIA (till 2008)
* UKBA (till 2013)
* West Germany

* Border guard
* Coast guard
* Customs
* Law enforcement agency
* Types
* Intelligence agency

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