Assistance dog

Working dog trained to aid or assist an individual with a disability

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An assistance dog pressing a button to open an automatic door Hearing-assistance dog being patted on its head

An assistance dog is a dog that receives specialized training to aid an individual with a disability in navigating everyday life. Assistance dogs can be trained by an organization, or by their handler.

## Terminology

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'Assistance dog' is the internationally established term for a dog that provides assistance to a disabled person and is task-trained to help mitigate the handler's disability. In the United States, assistance dogs are also commonly referred to as 'service dogs'.[1]

Assistance dogs are not emotional support animals (ESAs), which are generally not protected by the same laws[2] and typically have little to no training compared to an assistance or service dog. Assistance dogs and ESAs are also both distinct from therapy dogs. While therapy dogs are required to undergo training and become certified, they work for people other than their handler and are not covered by laws such as the US Americans with Disabilities Act.[1][3][4]

## Distinctive features

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For a dog to be considered an assistance dog, they must meet the following criteria:

1. The dog's handler must meet the legal definition of disability in a specific country or region.
2. The dog must be specifically trained to mitigate the handler's disability in some way,--e.g. opening doors, detecting high blood sugar or allergens and notifying of such, alerting to a ringing phone or other audible stimuli, assisting handlers with PTSD, assisting those who are visual impaired, helping individuals with disabilities that affect their mobility, and much more.[5]
3. The dog must be docile and well-behaved, as well as clean and healthy.

Individual countries and regions will have specific laws and regulations, with these international criteria having broad recognition across the globe.[6][7][8] In many countries, notably in Europe, assistance dogs must be certified by a State-recognized body to enjoy the legal protections.

## Training process

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Assistance dog in training in its vest

Assistance dogs have traditionally been trained by organizations. In a few countries, such as the United States, United Kingdom, and Australia, assistance dogs can also be trained by their handlers[9][10][11] but in most countries, only dogs trained and certified by an officially recognized organization can be recognized as assistance dogs and enjoy the associated legal protections.

A prospective assistance dog candidate will go through socialization and desensitization training, where the dog is exposed to unfamiliar locations, sounds, scents, and other stimuli. This training sets the foundations for the assistance dog to remain focused while working. An assistance dog prospect will also go through obedience training to ensure they remain under control of the handler.[12]

After completing obedience training, an assistance dog commences specialized task training. During this training, the assistance dog will learn to perform tasks that will aid their disabled handler. The tasks that an assistance dog is trained to perform will differ based on the handler's disabilities and needs.

Examples of tasks include alerting to a fire alarm or doorbell, retrieving a medication during a medical episode, pulling a wheelchair, retrieving an item that has been dropped by the handler, and turning on lights. Some tasks may require a larger dog with healthy joints, while others (e.g. alerting to a sound) can be performed by a dog of any size.[13]

"Assistance Dogs welcome" sign in Bolton Priory

## Types

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Mobility assistance dog helping his handler stand up

Common examples of assistance dogs include:[14]

* Guide dogs
* Hearing dogs
* Mobility assistance dogs
* Medical response dogs
* Seizure response dogs
* Psychiatric assistance dogs
* Autism assistance dogs

In the United States, the Americans with Disability Act states that there is no formal certification or registration required for a dog to become an Assistance Dog.[15] State and local governments, businesses, and nonprofit organizations that serve the public generally must allow service animals to accompany people with disabilities in all areas of the facility where the public is normally allowed to go.[16]

## See also

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* Assistance animal – Animal to assist people with disabilitiesPages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets
* Cell dog – Dog housed with a prisoner
* Bravehound
* Dogs for Good (in the UK)
* Hearing Dogs for Deaf People (in the UK)
* Working dog – Dog trained to perform practical tasks

## References

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1. ^ a b "General FAQs". Assistance Dogs International. Retrieved 2024-10-25.
2. ^ "Americans with Disabilities Act". ADA. Retrieved 2024-08-24.
3. ^ Karetnick, Jen (July 9, 2024). "How To Train a Therapy Dog: Learning If Your Dog Is Fit For Therapy Work". American Kennel Club. Retrieved 2024-10-25.
4. ^ "Three Steps to Making Your Dog a Therapy Dog". American Kennel Club. Retrieved 2024-10-25.
5. ^ "Tasks performed by Guide, Hearing and Service Dogs, ". The International Association of Assistance Dog Partners (IAADP). Retrieved 2024-10-25.
6. ^ The Equality and Human Rights Commission. "Assistance Dogs. A Guide For All Businesses" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 22 August 2017. Retrieved 25 August 2018.
7. ^ "Standards". Assistance Dogs Europe. Archived from the original on 3 January 2015. Retrieved 25 August 2018.
8. ^ "IAADP Minimum Training Standards for Public Access". The International Association of Assistance Dog Partners (IAADP). Retrieved 2024-10-25.
9. ^ "ADA service animals FAQ". ADA FAQ. Retrieved 2024-08-26.
10. ^ "Assistance dogs UK". Assistancedogs.org.uk. Retrieved 2024-08-26.
11. ^ "healthdirect AU". Healthdirect.gov.au. 3 September 2024.
12. ^ "AKC". AKC.ORG.
13. ^ Froling, Joan. "Assistance Dog Tasks". IAADP. Retrieved 25 August 2018.
14. ^ "Types of Services Dogs & What They Are Used For - UDS". udservices.org. 2020-02-15. Retrieved 2024-10-25.
15. ^ "ADA Requirements: Service Animals". ADA.gov. 2024-05-02. Retrieved 2024-05-10.
16. ^ "ADA 2010 Revised Requirements: Service Animals". www.ada.gov. 28 March 2023.

## External links

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* Delta Society's National Service Animal Resource Center
* Canine Partners (in the UK)

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