Australian lime

Lime cultivar

The Australian Outback Lime, a cultivar of the desert lime (C. glauca)

Australian limes are species of the plant genus Citrus that are native to Australia and Papua New Guinea.

These species were formerly included in the genera Microcitrus and Eremocitrus.[1][2][3] They have been used as a food source by indigenous Australians and Indigenous New Guineans as well as early settlers and are used in modern Australian cuisine, including marmalade and sauces.[4][5]

Species include:

Australian limes |

| former Eremocitrus |

Citrus glauca

|

former Microcitrus |

|  |

Citrus warburgiana

|

|  |

|  |

Citrus inodora

|

Citrus maideniana

|  |

Citrus garrawayi

|

Citrus australasica

Citrus australis

[6]

## Species from Australia

[edit]

### Natural species

[edit]

* Citrus australasica (Finger lime), a species from rainforest regions of northern New South Wales and Southern Queensland with elongated yellow-green to purple fruits. Finger lime
* Citrus australis (Round lime or Dooja), a species from south-eastern Australia with round, green fruits
* Citrus glauca (Desert lime), from arid areas of inland Australia. Small round fruits are produced in summer. Desert lime
* Citrus garrawayi, (Mount White lime) is rare and endemic to the Cook District of Cape York Peninsula.
* Citrus gracilis (Kakadu lime or Humpty Doo lime) grows in eucalypt woodland in the Northern Territory[7][5] and was first described in the scientific literature in 1998.[8]
* Citrus inodora (Russell River lime or large-leaf Australian wild lime) is rare, and endemic to northern Queensland.[5]
* Citrus maideniana (Maiden's Australian wild lime)[5] may be a subspecies of C. inodora.[9]

### Cultivars

[edit]

Blood Lime (biggest, red), Sunrise Lime (orange, pear-shaped) and the Outback Lime, a small, green cultivar of the desert lime

A number of cultivars have been developed in recent years. These can be grafted on to standard citrus rootstocks. They may be grown as ornamental trees in the garden or in containers.[10] Grafted standards are available for some varieties.[1] The cultivars include:

* 'Australian Outback' (or 'Australian Desert'), developed from several desert lime varieties
* 'Australian Red Centre' (or 'Australian Blood' or Blood Lime[citation needed]), a cross of finger lime[11] and a mandarin-lemon or mandarin-sweet orange hybrid
* 'Australian Sunrise', a hybrid cross of finger lime and a calomondin which is pear shaped and orange inside
* 'Rainforest Pearl', a pink-fruited form of finger lime from Bangalow, New South Wales
* 'Sunrise Lime ', parentage unknown[11]
* 'Outback Lime', a desert lime cultivar[11]

## Species from Papua New Guinea

[edit]

* Citrus warburgiana (Kakamadu or New Guinea wild lime)[12][13] grows on the south coast of the Papuan Peninsula near Alotau[14] (pictures).
* Citrus wakonai (also locally called kakamadu)[13] has been reported from Goodenough Island.[15]
* Citrus wintersii, also known as Citrus papuana (Brown River finger lime)[14][16] has, as the name suggests, a small, thin fruit, pointed at both ends (pictures, more pictures). It grows near Port Moresby.[17]
* Clymenia sp. are native to the Bismarck Archipelago but are cultivated in other areas. Clymenia is now often considered to belong within the citrus genus.[18]
* Clymenia platypoda
* Clymenia polyandra has a lemon-sized round fruit, pointed at one end (pictures).

Citrus species in Papua New Guinea have not been extensively studied, so the true number of species is unknown.

## Identification

[edit]

An identification key Archived 2009-10-02 at the Wayback Machine (p. 6 or 338) exists for the known Australian limes (not including species from Papua New Guinea). The leaves of some species broaden dramatically with age.[19]

## References

[edit]

1. ^ a b Lindsay, Lenore. "Australian Limes". Australian Plants Online. Australian Native Plants Society (Australia). Archived from the original on 5 December 2010. Retrieved 2010-11-16.
2. ^ "Eremocitrus". Australian Plant Name Index (APNI). Centre for Plant Biodiversity Research, Australian Government. Retrieved 15 March 2023.
3. ^ "Microcitrus". Australian Plant Name Index (APNI). Centre for Plant Biodiversity Research, Australian Government. Retrieved 15 March 2023.
4. ^ "Taming Wild Limes". Ecos Magazine (107). CSIRO publishing. 2001.
5. ^ a b c d "Australian native citrus-wild species, cultivars and hybrids" (PDF). Primary Industries and Resources SA. Retrieved 2010-11-16.
6. ^ Jorma Koskinen and Sylvain Jousse. "Citrus Pages / Native Australian varieties". free.fr.
7. ^ Jorma Koskinen and Sylvain Jousse. "Citrus Pages / Native Australian varieties". free.fr.
8. ^ "Archived copy" (PDF). Rbgsyd.nsw.gov.au. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2 October 2009. Retrieved 13 January 2022.`{{cite web}}`: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
9. ^ Jorma Koskinen and Sylvain Jousse. "Citrus Pages / Native Australian varieties". free.fr.
10. ^ "From the outback to 'out the back'". CSIRO. 12 August 2005. Archived from the original on 2011-02-28. Retrieved 2010-11-16.
11. ^ a b c "CSIRO Science Image - CSIRO Science Image".
12. ^ Jorma Koskinen and Sylvain Jousse. "Citrus Pages / Native Australian varieties". free.fr.
13. ^ a b Paul I. Forster; Malcolm W. Smith. "Citrus wakonai P.I. Forst & M.W. Sm. (Rutaceae), a new species from Goodenough Island, Papua New Guinea" (PDF). Homecitrusgrowers.co.uk. Retrieved 30 March 2022.
14. ^ a b Mike Saalfeld. "Citrus wakonai". Homecitrusgrowers.co.uk.
15. ^ Mike Saalfeld. "The_Quest_for_Wakonai page19". Homecitrusgrowers.co.uk.
16. ^ Jorma Koskinen; Sylvain Jousse. "Citrus Pages / Native Australian varieties". Citruspages.free.fr.
17. ^ "Microcitrus papuana". Homecitrusgrowers.co.uk.
18. ^ Andrés García Lor (2013). Organización de la diversidad genética de los cítricos (PDF) (Thesis). p. 79.
19. ^ "microcitrus – mature and juvenile leaf forms". freeserve.co.uk. Archived from the original on 2015-09-24.

* v
* t
* e

Citrus

True species|

* Australian and Papuan wild limes group
* Citron
* Ichang papeda
* Kaffir lime
* Kumquats group
* Mandarin orange
* Mangshanyegan
* Mountain citron
* Pomelo
* Ryukyu mandarin

Major hybrids|

* Grapefruit
* Lemon
* Lime
* Orange (sweet orange)

True and hybrid
cultivars|

* Alemow
* Amanatsu
* Assam lemon
* Bergamot orange
* Bizzarria
* Bitter orange
* Blood lime
* Blood orange
* Byeonggyul
* Biasong
* Cam sành
* Cara cara navel
* Citrange
* Citrumelo
* Clementine
* Coorg orange
* Daidai
* Dekopon
* Encore
* Fairchild tangerine
* Florentine citron
* Forbidden fruit
* Ginger lime
* Haruka
* Hassaku
* Hebesu
* Heen naran
* Hyuganatsu
* Imperial lemon
* Indian wild orange
* Iyokan
* Jabara
* Jaffa orange
* Jamaican tangelo
* Kabbad
* Kabosu
* Kaji Nemu
* Kakadu lime
* Kalpi
* Kanpei
* Kawachi bankan
* Key lime
* Khasi papeda
* Kinkoji unshiu
* Kinnow
* Kishu mikan
* Kiyomi
* Kobayashi mikan
* Koji
* Komikan
* Laraha
* Lemonade fruit
* Limón de Pica
* Lumia
* Mandelo
* Mandora
* Melanesian papeda
* Melogold
* Meyer lemon
* Micrantha
* Midknight Valencia Orange
* Murcott
* Myrtle-leaved orange tree
* Nagpur orange
* Nasnaran
* New Zealand grapefruit
* Ōgonkan
* Orangelo/Chironja
* Oroblanco
* Palestinian sweet lime
* Persian lime
* Pixie mandarin
* Pompia
* Ponderosa lemon
* Ponkan
* Rangpur
* Reikou
* Rhobs el Arsa
* Rough lemon
* Samuyao
* Sanbokan
* Satsuma mandarin
* Setoka
* Shangjuan
* Shonan Gold
* Smith Red Valencia
* Sudachi
* Suruga yuko
* Sweet lemon
* Sweet limetta
* Tangelo
* Tangerine
* Tangor
* Tsunonozomi
* Valencia orange
* Variegated pink lemon
* Volkamer lemon
* Winged lime
* Xã Đoài orange
* Yūkō
* Yuzu

Citrons|

* Balady citron
* Corsican citron
* Diamante citron
* Fingered citron/Buddha's hand
* Greek citron
* Moroccan citron
* Yemenite citron

Mandarin oranges|

* Cleopatra mandarin
* Shīkwāsā
* Nanfengmiju
* Tachibana
* Willowleaf orange

Papedas|

* Celebes papeda
* Mountain "citron"
* Ichang papeda

Pomelos|

* Banpeiyu
* Dangyuja

Kumquats group|

| Kumquat species|

* Hong Kong kumquat
* Meiwa kumquat
* Oval kumquat
* Round kumquat
* Jiangsu kumquat
* Malayan kumquat

|

Kumquat hybrids
(× Citrofortunella)|

* Calamansi
* Citrangequat
* Limequat
* Mandarinquat
* Procimequat
* Sunquat
* Yuzuquat

Australian
and Papuan
wild limes group|

| Eromocitrus
(former genera)|

* Desert lime

|

Microcitrus
(former genera)|

* New Guinea wild lime
* Australian round lime
* Russell River lime
* Maiden's wild lime
* Mount White lime
* Australian finger lime
* Brown River finger lime

Clymenia
(former genera)|

* Clymenia platypoda
* Clymenia polyandra

Oxanthera
(former genera)|

* Orange-flowered oxanthera
* Large-leaf oxanthera
* Wavy-leaf oxanthera
* Oxanthera brevipes

Related genera
(perhaps
properly Citrus)|

* Poncirus/Trifoliate orange

Drinks|

* Calamansi juice
* Chūhai
* Curaçao
* Dried lime tea (noomi basra)
* Grapefruit juice
* Lemonade
* Limeade
* Orange juice
* Yuja-hwachae
* Yuja tea

Products|

* Calcium citrate
* Citric acid
* Lemonene
* Limonene
* Neroli
* Orange flower water
* Orange oil
* Orangeat
* Succade
* Zest

Diseases|

* Black spot
* Canker
* CTV/Tristeza
* Exocortis
* Greening
* Mal secco
* Phytophthora
* citricola

Citrus botanists|

* Clara H. Hasse
* Robert Willard Hodgson
* Lena B. Smithers Hughes
* David Mabberley
* Clément Rodier
* Robert Soost
* Walter Tennyson Swingle
* Chōzaburō Tanaka
* Ikuro Takahashi
* Johann Christoph Volkamer
* Herbert John Webber

Related topics|

* The Citrus Industry
* Citrus production
* Citrus rootstock
* Citrus taxonomy
* Cold-hardy citrus
* Hesperidium
* Japanese citrus
* List of citrus fruits
* Mother Orange Tree
* Orangery
* University of California Citrus Experiment Station
* University of California, Riverside Citrus Variety Collection

* Category
* Production
* Commons

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