Bacterial kidney disease

Bacterial kidney disease (BKD, also known as white boil disease) is a systemic infection caused by the bacterium Renibacterium salmoninarum. The disease affects populations of wild salmonid. BKD was originally discovered in the Scottish rivers of Dee and Spey in 1933.

[1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7]

## Notes

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1. ^ Bullock, G.; Herman, R. (1998), Bacterial Kidney Disease of Salmonid Fishes Caused by Renibacterium Salmoninarum, Leetown Science Center, archived from the original on 2009-05-07, retrieved 2009-05-30
2. ^ Bacterial Kidney Disease, Fisheries Research Services, retrieved 2009-06-06
3. ^ Bacterial Kidney Disease (BKD), Fisheries Research Services, retrieved 2009-06-06[permanent dead link]
4. ^ Bacterial Kidney Disease, Intervet/Schering-Plough Animal Health, archived from the original on 2007-09-04, retrieved 2009-05-31
5. ^ DNR - Bacterial Kidney Disease, Michigan Department of Natural Resources, retrieved 2009-05-30
6. ^ Transmission of Renibacterium Salmoninarum in Pacific Salmonids, United States Geological Survey, archived from the original on 2009-08-25, retrieved 2009-06-08
7. ^ Bacterial Kidney Disease (Renibacterium salmoninarum), Animal Health Australia, October 2005, archived from the original on 2008-08-03, retrieved 2009-06-06

## References

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* Eissa, A.E., 2005. Bacterial kidney disease (BKD) in Michigan salmonids. PhD Dissertation. Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA.210pp
* Disease in Salmonid Fish, Detected by Nested Reverse Transcription-PCR of 16S rRNA Sequences (PDF), University of Iceland, Institute for Experimental Pathology, 1994-09-05, retrieved 2009-05-31
* Noga, E. (January 1996), Fish Disease: Diagnosis and Treatment (1st ed.), John Wiley & Sons, ISBN 9780813825588, retrieved 2009-06-19
* Barton, T. A.; Bannister, L. A.; Griffiths, S. G.; Lynch, W. H. (1997-07-07), "Further Characterization of Renibacterium salmoninarum Extracellular Products", Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 63 (10), American Society for Microbiology: 3770–3775, Bibcode:1997ApEnM..63.3770B, doi:10.1128/aem.63.10.3770-3775.1997, PMC 168686, PMID 9480644, retrieved 2009-07-08[dead link]
* Molecular Diversity of Renibacterium salmoninarum Isolates Determined by Randomly Amplified Polymorphic DNA Analysis (PDF), vol. 66, American Society for Microbiology, 1999-10-22, retrieved 2009-07-16
* Bacterial Kidney Disease (PDF), Health & Consumers DG, 1999-12-08, retrieved 2009-05-30
* Hamel, O. (2001), The Dynamics and Effects of Bacterial Kidney Disease in Snake River Spring Chinook Salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) (PDF), University of Washington, retrieved 2009-06-06
* Jannson, E. (2002), Bacterial Kidney Disease in salmonid fish (PDF), Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, archived from the original (PDF) on 2008-09-20, retrieved 2009-06-06
* Bacterial Kidney Disease: Challenges for the 21st Century (PDF), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 2006-02-15, archived from the original (PDF) on 2008-09-24, retrieved 2009-05-31
* Bacterial Kidney Disease (BKD) – Detection and Control in Great Britain (PDF), Finfish News, 2007, archived from the original (PDF) on 2011-06-07, retrieved 2009-06-06
* Renibacterium salmoninarum (Bacterial Kidney Disease, BKD) (PDF), American Fisheries Society, 2007, retrieved 2009-06-08[permanent dead link]
* Austin, B.; Austin, D. (May 2007), Bacterial Fish Pathogens (4th ed.), Springer Science+Business Media, ISBN 9781402060687
* Burnett, Jeffrey (June 2008), Genetic Variation of Renibacterium salmoninarum Genes in Infected Salmonids (PDF), Oregon State University, retrieved 2009-06-06[permanent dead link]