Bahrain–Syria relations

Bilateral relations

Bahrain–Syria relations were established on 23 January 1975.[1]

Bilateral relations

Bahraini–Syrian relations
(العلاقات البحرينية–السورية)

Bahrain |
Syria
Diplomatic mission
Bahraini Embassy, Damascus| Syrian Embassy, Manama[a]
Envoy
Waheed Mubarak Sayyar| Mohammed Ali Ibrahim

The two Arab nations share historical, cultural, and regional ties rooted in their membership in the Arab League and the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation.[b]

While Bahrain and Syria have experienced periods of cooperation and shared interests, their relations have also faced challenges, particularly in the context of regional conflicts and political crises.

## History

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Bahrain and Syria established formal diplomatic relations on 23 January 1975,[1] shortly after Bahrain gained independence from the United Kingdom in 1971. The two countries initially enjoyed cordial relations, driven by shared goals within Arab regional organizations and a mutual interest in supporting the Palestinian cause and maintaining stability in the Arab world.[4]

### Cooperation and Diplomacy

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Throughout the 1980s and 1990s, Bahrain and Syria generally maintained a stable diplomatic relationship, with high-level visits and exchanges of representatives that signaled mutual cooperation. During these decades, both countries advocated for greater Arab unity and were generally supportive of regional initiatives within the Arab League, such as economic cooperation agreements and collective security arrangements.[5]

Bahrain and Syria cooperated on a number of political issues, including their mutual opposition to the 1978 Camp David Accords between Egypt and Israel, which they viewed as a potential threat to pan-Arab unity.[6] Their cooperation also extended to support for Lebanon, as both countries participated in diplomatic efforts to resolve the Lebanese Civil War.[7]

### Relations amid the Syrian Civil War

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The onset of the Syrian civil war in 2011 marked a major turning point in Bahrain–Syria relations. Bahrain was among the Gulf Cooperation Council countries that initially condemned the Syrian government’s response to the protests and expressed support for the opposition groups challenging President Bashar al-Assad's rule.[8] In 2012, Bahrain closed its embassy in Damascus as part of a broader regional response from the GCC, which sought to isolate the Syrian government diplomatically.[9]

Despite the suspension of direct diplomatic relations, Bahrain maintained a more restrained approach to the Syrian conflict compared to some other GCC countries, such as Saudi Arabia and Qatar, which were actively involved in supporting anti-Assad forces.[10] Bahrain refrained from substantial involvement in military or financial support for the Syrian opposition, although it remained aligned with GCC positions on the issue.[citation needed]

### Re-establishment of relations

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In recent years, Bahrain has moved to re-establish diplomatic ties with Syria as part of a wider trend among Arab nations seeking to reintegrate Syria into regional institutions.[11] In 2018, Bahrain announced the reopening of its embassy in Damascus, becoming one of the first GCC countries to restore its diplomatic mission in Syria. This decision aligned with a broader shift in regional attitudes toward Syria, as several Arab countries expressed a willingness to normalize relations with the Assad government,[12] viewing it as a potential means to stabilize the region and counterbalance other influences in the Middle East, such as those from Iran and Turkey.[citation needed]

Bahrain’s efforts to normalize relations with Syria also reflected broader strategic interests, particularly its desire to maintain a cohesive stance within the Arab League and to reduce regional tensions. This normalization process has continued gradually, with discussions of trade,[13] security cooperation, and regional stability being central to the renewed diplomatic engagement between the two countries.

On 19 June 2022, Syrian President Bashar al-Assad received the credentials of Ambassador Waheed Mubarak Sayyar in an official ceremony attended by Syrian Foreign Minister Faisal Mekdad.[14]

In 2024, Syrian President Bashar Al-Assad met with Bahrain's Foreign Minister Abdullatif bin Rashid Al Zayani in Damascus in the first visit by a Bahraini foreign minister to Syria in 13 years.[15]

## Economic relations

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Economic exchanges between Bahrain and Syria have historically been limited due to the size of their respective economies and differing priorities within the Middle East. Before the Syrian civil war, trade between the two countries was modest, and there were few significant investments or economic agreements. However, both nations occasionally engaged in joint economic forums and initiatives under the umbrella of the Arab League to promote inter-Arab trade and investment.

Since the re-establishment of diplomatic relations, Bahrain and Syria have expressed interest in strengthening economic ties, although concrete progress has been limited.[13]

## Diplomatic missions

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* Bahrain currently maintains an embassy in Damascus, which it reopened in 2018.[16]

* Syria has an embassy in Manama.[17]

## See Also

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* Foreign relations of Bahrain
* Foreign relations of Syria
* Arab League

* Asia portal
* Bahrain portal
* Politics portal

## References

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1. ^ a b "Syrian Arab Republic: Country Profile" (PDF). Gulf Research Center. Retrieved 28 October 2024.
2. ^ "الدول التي لا يوجد فيها تمثيل دبلوماسي". Syrian Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Retrieved 29 October 2024.
3. ^ "Organisation of Islamic Cooperation suspends Syria". Reuters. 15 August 2012. Retrieved 28 October 2024.
4. ^ "Arab League Summit Conferences, 1964-2000". The Washington Institute. Retrieved 28 October 2024.
5. ^ "Bahrain - Syrian Arab Republic BIT (2000)". UNCTAD. Retrieved 28 October 2024.
6. ^ "عندما قاطعت دول عربية مصر بسبب اتفاق كامب ديفيد". Hespress. Retrieved 28 October 2024.
7. ^ "Beirut to Algiers: The Arab League's Role in the Lebanon Crisis". The Washington Institute. Retrieved 28 October 2024.
8. ^ "Where Do Gulf States Stand on Syria's Decade-Old Conflict?". Politics Today. Retrieved 28 October 2024.
9. ^ "Bahrain shuts embassy in Syria, withdraws diplomats". Reuters. Retrieved 28 October 2024.
10. ^ "Gulf Calculations in the Syrian Conflict". Carnegie Endowment for International Peace. Retrieved 28 October 2024.
11. ^ "التطبيع العربي مع نظام الأسد: الدوافع والدلالات والعقبات". الأناضول. Retrieved 28 October 2024.
12. ^ "Bahrain to reopen Damascus embassy: Foreign Ministry". Anadolu Agency. Retrieved 29 October 2024.
13. ^ a b "العلاقات التجارية بين سوريا والبحرين تتجاوز 6 ملايين دينار بحريني.. ومساعٍ لتعزيز التعاون الاقتصادي". Syria-ex. Retrieved 29 October 2024.
14. ^ "الرئيس السوري يتسلم أوراق اعتماد سفير البحرين الجديد". Sky News Arabia. Retrieved 29 October 2024.
15. ^ "وزير خارجية البحرين يلتقي بشار الأسد في أول زيارة لدمشق منذ 2011". العربي الجديد. Retrieved 29 October 2024.
16. ^ "Bahrain to resume work at embassy in Syria after UAE move". TRT World. Retrieved 29 October 2024.
17. ^ "Embassy of Syria in the Kingdom of Bahrain". Syrian Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Retrieved 29 October 2024.

### Notes

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1. ^ Together with the Syrian embassy in Abu Dhabi, the Syrian Embassy in Manama is also responsible for Syrian interests in Saudi Arabia[2]
2. ^ Syria's membership in the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation has been suspended as of August 2012[3]