Bahujan Samaj Party

Indian political party

Political party in India

Bahujan Samaj Party

Abbreviation| BSP
President| Mayawati[1]
General Secretary|

* Roop Chandra
* Vishwanath Pal
* Subhash Chaudhari
* Munquad Ali[2]
* Mewalal Gautam

Rajya Sabha Leader| Ramji Gautam
Founder| Kanshi Ram
Founded| 14 April 1984 (41 years ago) (1984-04-14)
Preceded by| Dalit Shoshit Samaj Sangharsh Samiti
Headquarters| 12, Gurudwara Rakabganj Road, New Delhi, India-110001
Newspaper| Paper Type Books Sometimes
Ideology| Progressive[3]
Social justice[3]
Self-Respect[3]
Political position| Centre-left[4]
Colours|   Blue
ECI Status| State Party
Alliance| Mahagathbandhan (1993–1995; 2018-2019)
BJP+ (1995–2003)
SAD\+ (2022–2023)[a]
GGP (2023–2024)[b]
INLD\+ (2023–2024)
Seats in Lok Sabha|

0 / 543

Seats in Rajya Sabha|

1 / 245

Seats in State Legislative Assembly|

3 / 4,036

List

1 / 70

(Uttarakhand)

1 / 117

(Punjab)

1 / 403

(Uttar Pradesh)

Seats in State Legislative Council|

0 / 426

Number of states and union territories in government|

0 / 31

Election symbol
Website
bahujansamajparty.net

* Politics of India
* Political parties
* Elections

The Bahujan Samaj Party (abbr. BSP) is a progressive political party in India that was formed to represent Bahujans (literally means "community in majority"), referring to Scheduled Castes, Scheduled Tribes, and Other Backward Classes (OBC), along with minorities.[5] According to Kanshi Ram, when he founded the party in 1984, the Bahujans comprised 85 percent of India's population, but were divided into 6,000 different castes.[6] The party claims to be inspired by the philosophy of B. R. Ambedkar, Jyotirao Phule, Narayana Guru, Chhatrapati Shahuji Maharaj, and Gautama Buddha.

Kanshi Ram named his protégée, Mayawati, as his successor in 2001. The BSP has its main base in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh where it was the second-largest party in the 2019 Indian general election with 19.3% of votes[7] and fourth largest in the 2022 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election with 12.88% of votes.[8] Its election symbol is an elephant which is the same symbol historically used by Dr. Ambedkar's Scheduled Castes Federation.[9]

##  Etymology

[edit]

BSP rally in Mumbai

"Bahujan" is a Sanskritic term found in Hindu and Buddhist texts, and literally refers to "many people", or "the majority". It connotes the combined population of the Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes, Other Backward Classes, Muslims, and minorities who together constitute the demographic majority of India.[10][11] The word "Bahujan" appears in the dictum "Bahujana Hitaya Bahujana Sukhaya", or "The benefit and prosperity of the many", articulated by Gautama Buddha.[12][13][14]

In his writing, Dr. B. R. Ambedkar used the term to refer to the majority of people in society that experienced discrimination and oppression on the basis of caste. Jyotirao Phule used the term in a similar context, and compared the Bahujans of India to Slavery in the United States. Schedule Caste and Bahujan writers have suggested this proportion was 70 percent of the population.[14][15]

## History

[edit]

Bahujan Samaj Party flag used in public

Bahujan Samaj Party was founded on the birth anniversary of B. R. Ambedkar (14 April 1984) by Kanshi Ram,[16] who named former school teacher, Mayawati, as his successor of BSP in 2001.[17] The party's power grew quickly with seats in the Legislative Assembly of Uttar Pradesh and the Lok Sabha, the lower house of the Parliament of India. In 1993, following the assembly elections, Mayawati formed a coalition with Samajwadi Party president Mulayam Singh Yadav as Chief Minister. On 2 June 1995, she withdrew support from his government, which led to a major incident where Mulayam Singh Yadav was accused of sending his zealots to keep her party legislators hostage at a Lucknow guest house and shout casteist abuses at her.[18] Since this incident, they have regarded each other publicly as chief rivals.[19] Mayawati then obtained support from the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) to become Chief Minister on 3 June 1995. In October 1995, the BJP withdrew their support and fresh elections were called after a period of President's Rule. In 2003, Mayawati resigned from her own government to prove that she was not "hungry for power"[20] and asked the BJP-run Government of India to remove Union Tourism and Culture Minister, Jagmohan.[citation needed] In 2007, she began leading a BSP-formed government with an absolute majority for a full five-year term.[21]

On 10 December 2023, Mayawati declared her nephew Akash Anand as the party's successor.[22][23][24] However, he was sacked immediately after his comments on the ruling BJP Party.[25]

### Silver jubilee

[edit]

On 14 April 2009, the Bahujan Samaj Party celebrated its silver jubilee.[26] The Manywar Shri Kanshi Ramji Shahri Garib Awas Yojna housing scheme for poor was launched by Lucknow Development Authority (LDA).[27] The role of Mayawati was discussed in BSP's success.[28] A mass rally was organised in Lucknow with 10000 police personnel on duty.[29] It was the 305th and largest rally of BSP since 1984.[30] As per Observer Research Foundation, within 25 years BSP became the third largest political party of India.[31]

## Views

[edit]

BSP believes in "Social Transformation and Economic Emancipation" of the "Bahujan Samaj". The Bahujan Samaj signifies the Bahujans as the Scheduled Castes (SC), the Scheduled Tribes (ST), and the Other Backward Castes (OBC). B. R. Ambedkar, a proponent of Bahujan rights, is their important ideological inspiration. The BSP also speaks in favor of religious minorities. The party claims not to be prejudiced against upper-caste Hindus. In 2008, while addressing the audience, Mayawati said: "Our policies and ideology are not against any particular caste or religion. If we were anti-upper caste, we would not have given tickets to candidates from upper castes to contest elections".[32]

## List of chief ministers

[edit]

### Chief ministers of Uttar Pradesh

[edit]

No  | Image  | Name  | Constituency  | Term of office  | Tenure length  | Assembly

|
|
|
|
|
|

1  |  | Mayawati | None | 3 June 1995  | 18 October 1995  | 137 days  | 12th Assembly
(1993 election)
Harora | 21 March 1997  | 21 September 1997  | 184 days  | 13th Assembly
(1996 election)
3 May 2002  | 29 August 2003  | 1 year, 118 days  | 14th Assembly
(2002 election)
MLC | 13 May 2007  | 15 March 2012  | 4 years, 307 days  | 15th Assembly
(2007 election)

## Electoral performances

[edit]

### Success in 2007

[edit]

The results of the May 2007 Uttar Pradesh state assembly election saw the BSP emerge as a sole majority party, the first to do so since 1991. Mayawati began her fourth term as Chief Minister of Uttar Pradesh and took her oath of office along with 50 ministers of cabinet and state rank on 13 May 2007, at Rajbhawan in the state capital of Lucknow.[33] Most importantly, the majority achieved in large part was due to the party's ability to take away majority of upper castes votes from their traditional party, the BJP.[34]

Flags of Bahujan Samaj Party at Shivaji Park, Mumbai

The party could manage only 80 seats in 2012, as opposed to 206 in 2007 assembly elections. BSP government was the first in the history of Uttar Pradesh to complete its full five-year term.[35] On 26 May 2018, Ram Achal Rajbhar was replaced by R S Kushwaha as the president of UP unit.[36]

### 2014 Lok Sabha elections

[edit]

The 2014 national Lok Sabha elections saw the BSP become the third-largest national party of India in terms of vote percentage, having 4.2% of the vote across the country but gaining no seats.[37]

### 2019 Lok Sabha elections: Mahagathbandhan

[edit]

Prior to the 2019 Lok Sabha elections, BSP formed an alliance. The Mahagathbandhan (or Grand Alliance), or simply the Gathbandhan (Alliance),[38][39] is an anti-Congress,[40] anti-BJP[41] Indian political alliance formed in the run-up to the 2019 general election under the leadership of two former Chief Ministers of Uttar Pradesh, Akhilesh Yadav of the Samajwadi Party and Mayawati of the Bahujan Samaj Party, along with Ajit Singh's Rashtriya Lok Dal and several other political parties, contesting in different states of India.[42][43][44][45][46][47]

In Uttar Pradesh, BSP contested 38 seats, SP 37, and RLD 3, and the alliance supported Congress in the final two. Due to this seat sharing agreement, BSP's vote share fell slightly nationally and in the state, but they won 10 seats, up from 0 in 2014. The Samajwadi Party won 5 seats, giving the alliance a total of 15 seats out of 80 in the state.[48]

### 2024 Lok Sabha elections: Historic setback

[edit]

On 19 July 2023, the BSP had announced that it would neither side with the INDIA nor the NDA and would go alone in the 2024 Indian General Election.[49] However, it had its worst performance in a Lok Sabha election. It lost all ten of its seats in Uttar Pradesh that it had gained in the previous election and didn't gain any seats elsewhere. Its national vote share fell to 2.07%, less than half of what it was in 2014 when it also won 0 seats.[50]

### Election results

[edit]

### Lok Sabha

[edit]

Lok Sabha term  | Year  | Seats
contested  | Seats won  | +/- Seats  | vote %  | +/- vote %  | State (seats)

|
|
|
|
|
|
|

9th | 1989 | 245  |

4 / 543

|  4  | 2.07%  | \-  | Punjab (1)
UP (3)
10th | 1991 | 231  |

3 / 543

|  1  | 1.61%  |  0.46%  | MP (1)
Punjab (1)
UP (1)[citation needed]
11th | 1996 | 210  |

11 / 543

|  8  | 4.02%  |  2.41%  | MP (2)
Punjab (3)
UP (6)
12th | 1998 | 251  |

5 / 543

|  6  | 4.67%  |  0.65%  | Haryana (1)
UP (4)
13th | 1999 | 225  |

14 / 543

|  9  | 4.16%  |  0.49%  | UP (14)
14th | 2004 | 435  |

19 / 543

|  5  | 5.33%  |  1.17%  | UP (19)
15th | 2009 | 500  |

21 / 543

|  2  | 6.17%  |  0.84%  | MP (1)
UP (20)
16th | 2014 | 503  |

0 / 543

|  21  | 4.19%  |  1.98%  | —
17th | 2019 | 383  |

10 / 543

|  10  | 3.67%  |  0.52%  | UP (10)
18th | 2024 | 488  |

0 / 543

|  10  | 2.07%  |  1.6%  | —
All time-BSP Lok Sabha seat count

### Legislative Assembly elections

[edit]

Year  | Seats contested  | Seats won  | +/-  | Voteshare (%)  | +/- (%)

|
|
|
|
|

Bihar Legislative Assembly
1990 | 164  |

0 / 324

|  | 0.73%  |
1995 | 161  |

2 / 324

| 2  | 1.34%  |
2000 | 249  |

5 / 324

| 3  | 1.89%  |
Feb 2005 | 238  |

2 / 243

| 3  | 4.41%  |
Oct 2005 | 212  |

4 / 243

| 2  | 4.17%  |
2010 | 243  |

0 / 243

| 4  | 3.21%  |
2015 | 228  |

0 / 243

|  | 2.1%  |
2020 | 80  |

1 / 243

| 1  | 1.5%  |
Chhattisgarh Legislative Assembly
2003 | 54  |

2 / 90

| 2  | 4.45%  |
2008 | 90  |

2 / 90

|  | 6.11%  |
2013 | 90  |

1 / 90

| 1  | 4.27%  |
2018 | 33  |

2 / 90

| 1  | 3.9%  |
2023 | 58  |

0 / 90

|  2  | 2.05%  |
Delhi Legislative Assembly
1993 | 55  |

1 / 70

| 1  | 3.90%  |
1998 | 58  |

0 / 70

| 1  | 3.15%  |
2003 | 40  |

0 / 70

|  | 5.76%  |
2008 | 70  |

2 / 70

| 2  | 14.05%  |
2013 | 69  |

0 / 70

| 2  | 5.33%  |
2015 | 70  |

0 / 70

|  | 1.31%  |
2020 | 68  |

0 / 70

|  | 0.71%  |
2025 | 70  |

0 / 70

|  | 0.58%  |
Haryana Legislative Assembly
2000 | 83  |

1 / 90

| 1  | 5.74%  |
2005 | 84  |

1 / 90

|  | 3.22%  |
2009 | 86  |

1 / 90

|  | 6.73%  |
2014 | 87  |

1 / 90

|  | 4.4%  |
2019 | 87  |

0 / 90

| 1  | 4.21%  |
2024 | 35  |

0 / 90

|  | 1.81%  |
Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly
1990 | 35  |

0 / 68

|  | 0.94%  |
1993 | 49  |

0 / 68

|  | 2.25%  |
1998 | 28  |

0 / 68

|  | 1.41%  |
2003 | 23  |

0 / 68

|  | 0.7%  |
2007 | 67  |

1 / 68

| 1  | 7.40%  |
2012 | 67  |

0 / 68

| 1  | 1.7%  |
2017 | 42  |

0 / 68

|  | 0.49%  |
2022 | 53  |

0 / 68

|  | 0.35%  |
Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly
1996 | 29  |

4 / 87

| 4  | 6.43%  |
2002 | 33  |

1 / 87

| 3  | 4.50%  |
2008 | 83  |

0 / 87

| 1  | 3.73%  |
2014 | 50  |

0 / 87

|  | 1.41%  |
2024 | 27  |

0 / 87

|  | 0.96%  |
Jharkhand Legislative Assembly
2009 | 78  |

0 / 81

|  | 2.44%  |
2014 | 61  |

1 / 81

|  | 1.8%  |
2019 | 67  |

0 / 81

| 1  | 2.5%  |
2024 | 55  |

0 / 81

|  | 0.78%  |
Karnataka Legislative Assembly
2018 | 18  |

1 / 234

| 1  | 0.30%  |
2023 | 133  |

0 / 234

| 1  | 0.31%  |
Kerala Legislative Assembly
2011 | 122  |

0 / 140

|  | 0.60%  |
2016 | 74  |

0 / 140

|  | 0.24%  |
2021 | 72  |

0 / 140

|  | 0.23%  |
Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly
1990 | 183  |

2 / 320

| 2  | 3.54%  | \-
1993 | 286  |

11 / 320

| 9  | 7.05%  | 3.51%
1998 | 170  |

11 / 320

|  | 6.15%  | 0.9%
2003 | 157  |

2 / 230

| 9  | 7.26%  | 1.11%
2008 | 228  |

7 / 230

| 5  | 8.97%  | 1.71%
2013 | 227  |

4 / 230

| 3  | 6.29%  | 2.68%
2018 | 227  |

2 / 230

| 2  | 5.01%  | 1.28%
2023 | 181  |

0 / 230

| 2  | 3.40%  | 1.61%
Maharashtra Legislative Assembly
1990 | 122  | 0  |  | 0.42%  |
1995 | 145  | 0  |  | 1.49%  |
1999 | 83  | 0  |  | 0.39%  |
2004 | 272  | 0  |  | 4.0%  |
2009 | 287  | 0  |  | 2.35%  |
2014 | 280  | 0  |  | 2.33%  |
2019 | 262  | 0  |  | 0.92%
2024 | 262  | 0  |  | 0.48%
Punjab Legislative Assembly
1992 | 105  |

9 / 117

| 9  | 16.32%  |
1997 | 67  |

1 / 117

| 8  | 7.48%  |
2002 | 100  |

0 / 117

| 1  | 5.69%  |
2007 | 115  |

0 / 117

|  | 4.13%  |
2012 | 117  |

0 / 117

|  | 4.29%  |
2017 | 111  |

0 / 117

|  | 1.52%  |
2022 | 20  |

1 / 117

| 1  | 1.77%  |
Rajasthan Legislative Assembly
1990 | 57  |

0 / 200

|  | 0.79%  |
1993 | 50  |

0 / 200

|  | 0.56%  |
1998 | 108  |

2 / 200

| 2  | 2.17%  |
2003 | 124  |

2 / 200

|  | 3.97%  |
2008 | 199  |

6 / 200

| 4  | 7.60%  |
2013 | 199  |

3 / 200

| 3  | 3.37%  |
2018 | 199  |

6 / 200

| 3  | 4.03%  |
2023[51] | 199  |

2 / 200

| 4  | 1.82%
Telangana Legislative Assembly
2018 | 106  |

0 / 117

| 2  | 2.10%  |
2023 | 106  |

0 / 117

|  | 1.37%  |
Uttarakhand Legislative Assembly
2002 | 68  |

7 / 70

| 7  | 10.93%  | \-
2007 | 70  |

8 / 70

| 1  | 11.76%  |  0.83%
2012 | 70  |

3 / 70

| 5  | 12.19%  |  0.43%
2017 |  |

0 / 70

| 3  | 6.98%  |  5.21%
2022 | 54  |

2 / 70

| 2  | 4.82%  |  1.16%
Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly
1989 | 372  |

13 / 425

| 13  | 9.41%  | \-
1991 | 386  |

12 / 425

| 1  | 9.44%  | 0.03%
1993 | 164  |

67 / 425

| 55  | 11.12%  | 1.68%
1996 | 299  |

67 / 425

|  | 19.64%  | 8.52%
2002 | 401  |

98 / 403

| 31  | 23.06%  | 3.42%
2007 | 403  |

206 / 403

| 108  | 30.43%  | 7.37%
2012 | 403  |

80 / 403

| 126  | 25.91%  | 4.48%
2017 | 403  |

19 / 403

| 61  | 22.23%  | 3.71%
2022 | 403  |

1 / 403

| 18  | 12.88%  | 9.43%

## Gallery

[edit]

* Bsp cadre Madhya pradesh

* BSP Leaders at Bahujan Samaj Prerna Kendra

* BSP Leaders at Bahujan Samaj Prerna Kendra

* BSP cadre camp

* BSP cadre camp

* BSP cadre camp

* BSP cadre camp

* BSP cadre camp

* Bsp Cadre Madhya Pradesh

* Bsp Cadre

## Notes

[edit]

1. ^ For 2022 Punjab Legislative Assembly election
2. ^ For 2023 Chhattisgarh Legislative Assembly election

## See also

[edit]

* BAMCEF[52]
* Dalit Shoshit Samaj Sangharsh Samiti[53]
* Republican Party of India[54]
* Kanshi Ram
* Mayawati
* Jai Bhim[55]
* Bahujan Volunteer Force
* List of political parties in India

## Further reading

[edit]

* Chandra, Kanchan. 2004. Why Ethnic Parties Succeed. Cambridge University Press.

## References

[edit]

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## External links

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