Bank of China

Chinese state-owned commercial bank

This article is about the commercial bank in China. For the central bank of China, see People's Bank of China. For the Filipino banking company, see Chinabank.

Not to be confused with Chugoku Bank [ja].

Bank of China Limited

Bank of China Headquarters in Beijing, China, inaugurated in 2001

Native name

| 中国银行股份有限公司
Company type| Public
State-owned

Traded as

* SSE: 601988 (A share)
* SEHK: 3988 (H share)
* * * *

* SSE 50 Component (A)
* Hang Seng Component (H)

ISIN|

* CNE000001N05
* CNE1000001Z5

Industry| Financial services
Founded| 1905; 120 years ago (1905) (as Da-Qing Bank)
1912; 113 years ago (1912)(as Bank of China)
1979; 46 years ago (1979) (re-established)
Founder| Chen Jintao
Headquarters|

Beijing

China[1]

Area served

| Worldwide

Key people

| Ge Haijiao (Chairman & President)
Products|

* Asset management
* Banking
* Commodities
* Credit cards
* Equities trading
* Insurance
* Investment management
* Mortgage loans
* Private equity
* Wealth management

Revenue|  CN¥503.81 billion
$73.23 billion[2] (2018)

Operating income

|  CN¥227.53 billion
$33.07 billion[2] (2018)

Net income

|  CN¥192.44 billion
$27.97 billion[2] (2018)
Total assets|  CN¥21.267 trillion
$3.091 trillion[2][3] (2018)
Total equity|  CN¥1.613 trillion
$234 billion[2] (2018)
Owner| Government of the People's Republic of China

Number of employees

| 306,322[4] (2021)
Subsidiaries|

* Bank of China (Hong Kong)
* Bank of China (Canada)

Capital ratio| 16.91% (2021)[5]
Rating| A, A-1, Stable (S&P)
A1, P-1, Stable (Moody's)
A, F1+, Stable (Fitch)[6]
Website| boc.cn
bankofchina.com
bank-of-china.com
bocusa.com
Bank of China

Simplified Chinese| 中国银行
Traditional Chinese| 中國銀行
| Transcriptions

Standard Mandarin
Hanyu Pinyin| Zhōngguó Yínháng
Alternative Chinese name
Simplified Chinese| 中银
Traditional Chinese| 中銀
| Transcriptions

Standard Mandarin
Hanyu Pinyin| Zhōngyín
Second alternative Chinese name
Chinese| 中行
| Transcriptions

Standard Mandarin
Hanyu Pinyin| Zhōngháng

The Bank of China (BOC; Chinese: 中国银行; pinyin: Zhōngguó Yínháng; Portuguese: Banco da China) is a state-owned Chinese multinational banking and financial services corporation headquartered in Beijing, China. It is one of the "big four" banks in China. As of 31 December 2019, it was the second-largest lender in China overall and ninth-largest bank in the world by market capitalization value,[7] and it is considered a systemically important bank by the Financial Stability Board. As of the end of 2020, it was the fourth-largest bank in the world in terms of total assets, ranked after the other three Chinese banks.[8]

The Bank of China was formed in 1912 by renaming the Qing dynasty's Da-Qing Bank (est. 1905) under the newly established Republican government. Until 1942, it issued banknotes on behalf of the government as one of the "Big Four" banks of the period, together with the Bank of Communications (est. 1908), Central Bank of China (est. 1924), and Farmers Bank of China (est. 1933). Following the Chinese Communist Revolution in 1949, the bank continued activity in Taiwan where it renamed itself International Commercial Bank of China upon privatization in 1971, while its mainland operations were absorbed into the People's Bank of China (PBC). In 1979, the Bank of China was re-established by spin-off from the PBC in the early phase of Chinese economic reform.

The Bank of China (Hong Kong) is the local subsidiary of the Bank of China, with which it maintains close relations in management and administration and co-operates in several areas including reselling BOC's insurance and securities services.

## History

[edit]

### Early 20th century

[edit]

In 1905, the Qing government established the Da-Qing Bank in Beijing. When the Republic of China was established in 1912, Chen Jintao was named head of financial reform in President Sun Yat-sen's government and reorganized the Da-Qing Bank into the Bank of China, of which he has subsequently been viewed as the founder.[9][10][11][12]

In 1917, Tsuyee Pei opened the branch of the Bank of China in Hong Kong.[13][14] In 1928, the bank moved its head office from Beijing to Shanghai.

In 1920, the bank opened the Investigative Office of the Bank of China.[15] The Investigative Office was the earliest research body in China's banking sector.[15]

In 1929, the bank opened a branch in London, its first outside of China.[16] The branch managed the government's foreign debt, became a center for the bank's management of its foreign exchange, and acted as an intermediary for China's international trade. In 1931, another overseas branch opened in Osaka,[17] and in 1936 in Singapore (to handle remittances to China of overseas Chinese) as well as an agency in New York.

In 1937, on the outbreak of hostilities with Japan, Japanese forces blockaded China's major ports. The Bank of China opened a number of branches in Batavia, Penang, Kuala Lumpur, Haiphong, Hanoi, Rangoon, Bombay, and Calcutta to facilitate the gathering of remittances and the flow of military supplies. It also opened sub-agencies in Surabaya, Medan, Dabo, Batu Pahat, Baichilu, Mandalay, Lashio, Ipoh, and Seremban. In 1941-1942, the Japanese conquest of Southeast Asia forced the BOC to close all its overseas branches, agencies, sub-branches and sub-agencies, except London, New York, Calcutta, and Bombay. Nevertheless, in 1942, it managed to set up six new overseas branches, such as in Sydney, (Australia), Liverpool, and Havana, and possibly Karachi. In late July 1942, it lost its note-issuance privilege simultaneously as the Bank of Communications and the Farmers Bank of China, as the Central Bank of China was granted the issuance monopoly in the territories still ruled by the Nationalist government.[18]: 13

Following the end of World War II, the Bank of China in 1946 reopened its branches and agencies in Hong Kong, Singapore, Haiphong, Rangoon, Kuala Lumpur, Penang, and Jakarta. It moved the Hanoi agency to Saigon. At the suggestion of the Allied Forces Headquarters, it liquidated the branch in Osaka, Japan and opened a sub-branch in Tokyo. In 1947, the bank opened agencies in Bangkok, Chittagong, and Tokyo.

In 1950, following the victory of Communist forces in the civil war, some of the BOC's overseas branches (e.g. Hong Kong, Singapore, London, Penang, Kuala Lumpur, Jakarta, Calcutta, Bombay, Chittagong, and Karachi) of Bank of China remained with the mainland bank headquartered in Beijing, while others (e.g. New York, Tokyo, Havana, Bangkok, and one other, possibly Panama) remained with the Bank of China headquartered in Taipei, which in 1971 took the new name International Commercial Bank of China (中國國際商業銀行). The Rangoon branch was nationalized in 1963 together with all other foreign and domestic banks in Burma. In 1971, China transferred the two branches in Karachi and Chittagong to the National Bank of Pakistan. In 1975, the Republic of South Vietnam nationalized the branch in Saigon and the Khmer Rouge government nationalized that in Phnom Penh.

* Entrance to the Da-Qing Bank head office complex [zh] in Beijing, Bank of China head office from 1912 to 1928

* Former Da-Qing Bank branch in Shanghai, Bank of China head office from 1928 to 1946

* Bank of China Building, Shanghai, completed in 1937, used by the Central Reserve Bank of China from 1941 to 1945, then Bank of China head office from 1946 to 1949

* Former branch in Qingdao

* Former Bank of China building in Nanjing

* Former Bank of China building in Wuhan

* Former Bank of China building in Hong Kong, seat of the BOC Hong Kong branch from 1951 to 1991

### Since 1979

[edit]

Former Continental Bank Beijing building [zh], head office of the re-established Bank of China from 1979 to 2001

The People's Bank of China began spinning off its commercial functions starting in 1978, and re-established the Bank of China in 1979 with focus on international finance.[19]: 225  That same year, the new BOC opened a branch in Luxembourg, which gradually became its European headquarters through the 1990s.[20] In 1981 it opened a branch in New York,[21] followed by Paris in 1985. In 1987, the BOC became an ordinary member of the LBMA. In 1992, it opened a representative office in Toronto, upgraded the next year as a Schedule II bank.

During Reform and Opening Up, the Bank of China established its Institute of International Finance.[15] The Institute performed research that influenced bank decisions and central government policy making.[15]

### 2000s

[edit]

The BOC experiences challenges in Singapore. In 2001, Kwangtung Provincial Bank was closed and merged under Bank of China, Singapore Branch; one year later, Bank of China Futures Pte Ltd wound up operations in Singapore. In 2001-2007, the BOC undertook massive staff layoffs and paycuts in BOC Singapore Branch, a phase of turmoil that culminated in 2007 when branch head Zhu Hua was asked to leave by the Monetary Authority of Singapore for his poor performance. He was replaced by Liu Yan Fen. In 2008, the head of Settlements at BOC, Chin Chuh Meng, was investigated involvement for Multi-Level Marketing Activities in Singapore, a scheme involving employees of the Bank of China and ex-Kwangtung Bank.[22] In 2009, People's Park Remittance Centre opened in Singapore, while Sunday Banking Business ceased in Chinatown Sub-branch in Singapore.

In 2005, in the runup to its initial public offering, BOC solicited long term investors to take strategic stakes in the company, including a $3.1 billion investment by the Royal Bank of Scotland Group PLC and further investments by Swiss bank UBS AG and Temasek Holdings (who also promised to subscribe for an additional $500 million worth of shares during the IPO). The Bank was also investigated by the United States in its money laundering probe related to the superdollars affair.[23] On 1 June 2006, the BOC's listing on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange was the largest IPO since 2000 and the fourth largest IPO ever, raising some US$9.7 billion in the H-share Global Offering. The Over-Allotment Option was then exercised on 7 June 2006, raising the total value of their IPO to US$11.2 billion.[24] BOC also made a successful IPO in mainland China on 5 July 2006, offering up to 10 billion A-shares on the Shanghai A Stock Exchange for RMB20 billion (US$2.5 billion). BOC also bought Singapore Airlines's stake in Singapore Aircraft Leasing Enterprise, renaming it BOC Aviation in 2007.

Mainland China accounted for 60% of the bank by profits and 76% by assets as at December 2005.[citation needed]

In 2008, BOC acquired a 20 percent stake in the Compagnie Financière Edmond de Rothschild (LCFR) for 236.3 million euros (US$340 million). In 2009, the bank opened branches in São Paulo and Maputo,[25] as well as Penang in October.

As of 2009, the BoC was the second largest lender in China overall, and the fifth largest bank in the world by market capitalization value.[7] Once 100% owned by the central government, via China Central Huijin and National Council for Social Security Fund (SSF), an Initial public offering (IPO) of its shares took place in June 2006; at present, the free float is over 26%.

### 2010s

[edit]

In December 2010, the New York branch of the BoC began offering renminbi products for Americans.[26] It was the first major Chinese bank to offer such a product.

A list published in 2011 by Forbes ranked the BoC as the 4th-largest company in the world.[27]

In 2012, the BOC opened a branch in Taiwan. The opening was seen as a symbol of deepening economic ties across Taiwan Strait[28] Bank of China (M) Bhd opened its 6th branch in Malaysia at Tower 2, PFCC, Bandar Puteri Puchong in 2012. BOC also opened a branch in Stockholm in 2012, and in Lisbon in 2013.[29]

During the 2013 Korean crisis, the Bank of China halted business with a North Korean bank accused by the United States of financing Pyongyang's missile and nuclear programs.[30] New branch opened in Montreal. The Canadian arm of the Bank of China now has 10 branches across Canada, including five in the Greater Toronto Area and three in Vancouver.[31]

In 2015, the BOC gained entry to the London Bullion Market Association gold price auction. At the time, it was one of eight members to the auction.[32] That same year, the BOC opened two global commodity centres in Singapore, becoming the first Chinese bank to do so outside China.[33]

Between 2015 and 2020, the BOC lent over US$185.1 for Belt and Road Initiative projects.[34]: 143

In 2016, the BOC received permission to open a branch in Brunei,[35] and opened a branch in Mauritius becoming the first Chinese-funded bank in Mauritius.[36] In 2017, it received permission to operate a deposit bank in Turkey,[37] and in October 2017, opened its first branch in Pakistan in Karachi.

The BoC is the most globally-active of China's banks, with branches on every inhabited continent. As of 2017, BOC operated outside of mainland China in 27 countries and areas including Australia, Canada, United Kingdom, Ireland, France, Germany, Italy, Luxembourg, Russia, Hungary, United States, Panama, Brazil, Japan, Republic of Korea, Singapore, Taiwan, Philippines, Vietnam, Malaysia, Thailand, Indonesia, Kazakhstan, Bahrain, Zambia, South Africa, and a branch office in the Cayman Islands.[38] Even so, its operations outside China accounted for less than 4% of the activity of the bank by both profits and assets.

In 2019, the Bank set up its current think-tank body, the Bank of China Research Institute.[15]

### 2020s

[edit]

In 2022, the BoC was ranked #42 among global institutions by Fortune magazine.[39]

In August 2023, Reuters reported BoC launched a countrywide exercise to reduce the salary gaps among its employees and mid- and high-level managers in line of the common prosperity agenda promoted by Chinese leader Xi Jinping. The story said the BoC launched a "salary management system reform plan" after an inspection team by the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection found out that the bank's salary system had issues regarding "wealth inequality" after investigations. Under the plan, employees below the mid-level manager level would have their salary raised by about 10% to 15%, while the salaries of higher-level managers would be reduced at a similar range.[40]

As of January 2024, the BoC planned to sell a new category of total loss-absorbing capacity (TLAC) bonds worth 150 billion yuan ($21 billion). This would make it the first state-owned bank in the country to fill the funding gap by 2025.[41]

In June 2024, the BoC complied with global financial sanctions against the Russian invasion of Ukraine, and would no longer trade with sanctioned Russian banks. At the time, trade between Russia and China accounted for more than a third of all Russian exports.[42][43]

* Bank of China in Shenyang

* Bank of China in Dalian, former building of the Yokohama Specie Bank

* Bank of China in Tianjin, formerly Yokohama Specie Bank

* Bank of China in Zhengzhou

* Bank of China in Kaifeng

* Bank of China in Shangqiu

* Bank of China in Wuxi

* Bank of China in Nanjing (right), former building of National Commercial Bank

* Bank of China Tower in Pudong, Shanghai

* Bank of China Centre, Hong Kong

* Bank of China tower in Macau

* Old Building of the Bank of China building in Singapore

* Bank of China Tower in Singapore, adjacent to the Old Building

* Bank of China Tower in Kuala Lumpur

* Branch in Tokyo

* Bank of China in Luxembourg

* Bank of China in Budapest

* Bank of China building on Lothbury, London

* 410 Madison Ave, New York City

* A branch in Chinatown, Toronto

## Major subsidiaries

[edit]

### Hong Kong

[edit]

Bank of China Tower in Hong Kong, completed in 1991

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|

Main article: Bank of China (Hong Kong)

BOC started operations in Hong Kong in 1917.[citation needed] It became Hong Kong's third note-issuing bank in 1994, and in Macau in 1995.[44]

In 2001, BOC regrouped its Hong Kong operations into Bank of China (Hong Kong); then BOCHK listed on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange in October 2002. Two-thirds of its share capital are in free float. The bank's headquarters in Hong Kong are located in the Bank of China Tower, designed by the renowned architect I.M. Pei, and was opened to the public in 1990 as the tallest building in Hong Kong at that time.[citation needed]

It listed on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange (independently from BOCHK) (SEHK:3988) by floating the largest initial public offering (IPO) in the world by any institution since 2000 on 1 June 2006, raising US$9.7 billion. The IPO attracted HK$286 billion (US$36.7 billion) in retail orders and was the most heavily oversubscribed in the history of the Hong Kong Stock Exchange. The offer was around 76 times oversubscribed. Although some financial analysts advised caution due to the worrying amounts of non-performing loans, this hardly deterred investors. The IPO share price started at HK$2.95 per share and jumped 15% (to HK$3.40) after the first day of trading.[citation needed]

In 2008, the Bank of China was crowned Deal of the Year - Debt Market Deal of the Year at the 2008 ALB Hong Kong Law Awards.[citation needed]

### Canada

[edit]

Bank of China (Canada)

Bank of China (Canada) headquarters

Company type| Subsidiary
Industry| Bank
Predecessor| Bank of China Toronto Representative Office
Founded| 18 May 1993[45]
Headquarters|

50 Minthorn Boulevard
Markham, Ontario

Canada

Areas served

* Ontario
* British Columbia
* Alberta

Revenue| 473,912,000,000 renminbi (2015)

Operating income

| 229,237,000,000 renminbi (2015)

Net income

| 179,417,000,000 renminbi (2015)
Total assets| 16,815,597,000,000 renminbi (2015)

Number of employees

| 310,042 (2015)
Parent| Bank of China
Website| www.bankofchina.com/ca

Bank of China (Canada), commonly known as BOCC, is the Canadian subsidiary of the Bank of China (BOC). The Bank of China began its business in Canada by opening a representative office in Toronto on 8 September 1992. BOCC was incorporated as a subsidiary of BOC in 1993 under Schedule II of the Bank Act.[45] BOCC provides the following types of banking services in Canada: bank accounts to both personal and commercial banking clients, remittance services (including bank drafts and wire transfers), loans and mortgages, foreign exchange services, and China visa application assistance services where by it acts as agent, however plans for a China Visa Application Centre are being made and it is anticipated that the Consulate General of the People's Republic of China in Toronto will entrust all future China Visa applications to Bank of China Canada's Visa Application Centre.[citation needed]

In Canada, BOCC has ten locations located in Markham, Toronto (several branches, in downtown, North York and Scarborough], Mississauga, Vancouver, Montreal, and Calgary. It previously had branches in Burnaby and Richmond. As well, the bank is a member of the Canadian Bankers Association (CBA); registered member with the Canada Deposit Insurance Corporation (CDIC), a federal agency insuring deposits at all of Canada's chartered banks; and, a member of Interac, which handles transactions between automated teller machines of different banks and debit card transactions.[citation needed]

## Banknotes

[edit]

Although it is not a central bank, the Bank of China is licensed to issue banknotes in two of China's Special Administrative Regions. Until 1942, the Bank of China issued banknotes in mainland China on behalf of the Government of the Republic of China. Today, the Bank issues banknotes in Hong Kong and banknotes in Macau (under the Portuguese name "Banco da China, Sucursal de Macau"), along with other commercial banks in those regions.

## Ownership

[edit]

As of 30 September 2015, largest shareholders of the Bank of China ordinary shares (both A shares and H shares) were:[46]

* China Central Huijin (an investment arm of the government of the People's Republic of China): 64.63% (A shares)
* HKSCC Nominees Limited (nominee account): 27.78% (H shares)
* China Securities Finance (state-owned legal person): 2.90% (A shares)

As of 30 September 2015, largest shareholders of the Bank of China preference shares (both domestic and offshore) were:[47]

* The Bank of New York Mellon (custodian bank): 39.96% (offshore)
* China Mobile Communications: 18.01% (domestic)
* China National Tobacco Corporation: 5.00% (domestic)
* Zhongwei Real Estate: 3.00% (domestic)

## Leadership

[edit]

* Wu Dingchang [zh], administrator February - December 1912
* Sun Duosen [zh], president December 1912 - June 1913
* Xiong Xiling, president 1913 - 1916[citation needed]
* Xu Enyuan (徐恩元), president June 1916 - June 1917
* Sun Duosen, president in absentia June - July 1917
* Li Sihao [zh], president June - July 1917
* Wang Kemin, president July 1917 - February 1918
* Feng Gengguang [zh], president February 1918 - June 1922
* Wang Kemin, president June 1922 - October 1923
* Jin Huan [zh], president October 1923 - November 1928
* Feng Gengguang, acting president 1926 - November 1928
* Li Fusun (李馥蓀), chairman November 1928 - April 1935
* Chang Kia-ngau, general manager November 1928 - April 1935
* T. V. Soong, chairman April 1935 - February 1944
* H. H. Kung, chairman February 1944 - 1948
* Song Hanzhang [zh], general manager 1935 - 1948 and managing director 1948 - 1949
* Xi Demao [zh], general manager 1948 - 1949
* Nan Hanchen, chairman after 1949
* Gong Yinbing, general manager 1949 - 1973
* Bu Ming [zh], president June 1979 - April 1982, then chairman
* Chang Yanqing [zh], acting president and acting chairman in the early 1980s
* Jin Deqin [zh], president April 1982 - February 1985
* Wang Deyan [zh], president June 1985 - November 1993
* Wang Xuebing [zh], president November 1993 - February 2000, also chairman from May 1995
* Liu Mingkang, chairman February 2000 - March 2003
* Li Lihui, president August 2004 - January 2014
* Chen Siqing, president February 2014 - August 2017, then chairman August 2017 - April 2019[48]
* Liu Lian'ge, President June 2018 - June 2019, then chairman June 2019 - March 2023[49]
* Wang Jiang, president December 2019 - February 2021
* Liu Jin, president April 2021 - August 2024

## Controversies

[edit]

### Guarantee scandal in Poland

[edit]

After COVEC withdrew from completing its construction of the A2 highway in Poland, Bank of China was to pay a performance guarantee to the Polish government's road organization GDDKiA. However, with Export-Import Bank of China, they refused to pay this; only Deutsche Bank honoured its obligations under the court decision.[50]

### Wultz v. Bank of China

[edit]

On 8 August 2008, the family of Daniel Wultz, an American teenager killed in a 2006 terrorist attack in Israel, filed suit against the Bank of China in U.S. District Court for the District of Columbia. The case was subsequently transferred to the United States District Court, Southern District of New York, where litigation continues. On 29 October 2012, the Honorable J. Scheindlin issued a ruling compelling Bank of China to provide discovery.[51][52][53]

### Alleged money transfers to Hamas

[edit]

In 2012, the families of eight terror victims of the 2008 Mercaz HaRav massacre in Jerusalem filed a $1 billion lawsuit against the Bank of China. The suit asserted that in 2003 the bank's New York branch wired millions of dollars to Hamas from its leadership in Syria and Iran. The Bank of China subsequently denied providing banking services to terrorist groups: "The Bank of China has always strictly followed the UN's anti-money laundering and anti-terrorist financing requirements and regulations in China and other judicial areas where we operate."[54][55][56]

## See also

[edit]

* Banks portal
* China portal
* Taiwan portal
* Companies portal

* List of largest banks
* List of asset management companies of the People's Republic of China
* Foreign exchange reserves of the People's Republic of China
* BOC Aviation – Singapore-based aircraft leasing company owned by BOC

## References

[edit]

1. ^ Corporate Information, Bank of China, https://pic.bankofchina.com/bocappd/report/201104/P020110427563098317418.pdf Archived 9 May 2021 at the Wayback Machine
2. ^ a b c d e "Annual Report 2018" (PDF). Bank of China Limited. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2 June 2019. Retrieved 2 June 2019.
3. ^ "2013 Annual Report" Archived 4 December 2014 at the Wayback Machine Bank of China 2013 Annual Report, Pic.bankofchina.com
4. ^ 中国银行股份有限公司, "中国银行股份有限公司2021年年度报告" Archived 17 May 2022 at the Wayback Machine, 中国银行股份有限公司, 29 March 2022. p 69. Retrieved 2022-05-16.
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10. ^ 媒体解析央企"一把手"任命与选拔模式 ．网易新闻
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37. ^ "Bank of China to establish deposit bank in Turkey - BUSINESS". Hurriyetdailynews.com. 13 September 2011. Archived from the original on 28 March 2017. Retrieved 28 March 2017.
38. ^ "中国银行全球门户网站-提示信息". Boc.cn. Archived from the original on 28 March 2017. Retrieved 28 March 2017.
39. ^ "Global 500: Bank of China Rank 42". Fortune. Archived from the original on 11 April 2023. Retrieved 7 February 2024.
40. ^ "Bank of China starts nationwide move to reduce salary gap among employees, manager levels -sources". Reuters. 14 August 2023. Archived from the original on 7 November 2023. Retrieved 1 February 2025.
41. ^ "Bank of China plans US$21 billion bond sales to comply with global capital requirements". South China Morning Post. 29 January 2024. Archived from the original on 2 February 2024. Retrieved 7 February 2024.
42. ^ "Bank of China Halts Payments with Sanctioned Russian Lenders – Kommersant". 24 June 2024.
43. ^ "Russian subsidiary of Bank of China stops accepting payments from Russian banks, sources say". 24 June 2024.
44. ^ "Issuance of Hong Kong Banknotes | About us | BOCHK". www.bochk.com. Archived from the original on 24 April 2020. Retrieved 10 March 2020.
45. ^ a b "Overview". About Us. Bank of China (Canada). Archived from the original on 24 August 2017. Retrieved 23 August 2017.
46. ^ "Ordinary Shares". Bank of China. Archived from the original on 11 March 2016. Retrieved 11 March 2016.
47. ^ "Preference Shares". Bank of China. Archived from the original on 11 March 2016. Retrieved 11 March 2016.
48. ^ "MOVES-China picks BoC boss Chen Siqing to head top bank ICBC - sources". Reuters. 22 April 2019. Archived from the original on 26 July 2020. Retrieved 24 July 2020.
49. ^ "Liange Liu". World Bank Live. 23 September 2017. Archived from the original on 7 May 2021. Retrieved 8 May 2021.
50. ^ "COVEC nie zraził się porażką na A2 i z chińskimi bankami startuje do Kozienic". 20 January 2012. Archived from the original on 22 January 2012. Retrieved 28 April 2013.
51. ^ "Duke University Law School: Wultz v. Bank of China" (PDF). 29 October 2012. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2 April 2015. Retrieved 18 July 2013.
52. ^ Groll, Elias (24 July 2013). "Israel Accused of Suppressing Terror Evidence to Help Out New Pal China". Foreign Policy. Washington, D.C. Archived from the original on 4 May 2014. Retrieved 3 October 2018.
53. ^ "Boies Wins Discovery Fight in Bank of China Terror Funding Case". Litigation Daily. 29 January 2015. Archived from the original on 3 February 2015. Retrieved 8 March 2015.
54. ^ Zhu, Grace (25 October 2012). "Bank of China Says It Hasn't Helped Hamas". The Wall Street Journal. Archived from the original on 22 February 2015. Retrieved 23 February 2013.
55. ^ "Bank of China denies channelling funds to Hamas". Google News. AFP. 25 October 2012. Archived from the original on 16 July 2013. Retrieved 23 February 2013.
56. ^ "Israelis sue Chinese Bank for aiding Hamas". UPI. 24 October 2012. Archived from the original on 25 October 2012. Retrieved 23 February 2013.

## Resources

[edit]

* Bank of China, A History of the Bank of China, 1912–1949, Beijing: 1999.

## External links

[edit]

*   * Business data for Bank of China:

* Google
* Reuters
* Yahoo!

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Bank of China.

* (in English) Official website

Authority control databases

International|

* ISNI
* VIAF

National|

* Germany
* United States
* Australia
* Poland
* Israel

Academics|

* CiNii

* v
* t
* e

Bank of China

Divisions and
subsidiaries|

| Current|

* Bank of China (Canada)
* BOC Hong Kong (Holdings)
* Bank of China (Hong Kong)
* Bank of China Insurance
* BOC Aviation
* BOC International

|

Defunct and
former|

* Bank of China Group
* The China & South Sea Bank
* China State Bank
* Chiyu Banking Corporation
* Hua Chiao Commercial Bank
* Kincheng Banking Corporation
* Kwangtung Provincial Bank
* The National Commercial Bank
* Po Sang Bank
* Sin Hua Bank
* Yien Yieh Commercial Bank

People|

* Chang Kia-ngau
* T. V. Soong
* Pei-yuan Chia
* Liu Jinbao
* Xiao Gang

Places and
buildings|

* Bank of China Building (Hong Kong)
* Bank of China Building (Macau)
* Bank of China Building (Penang)
* Bank of China Building (Shanghai)
* Bank of China Building (Singapore)
* Bank of China Centre (Hong Kong)
* Bank of China Mansion (Qingdao)
* Bank of China Tower (Hong Kong)
* Bank of China Tower (Shanghai)

History|

* Da-Qing Bank
* banknotes

Other|

* JETCO

* Category
* Commons

Links to related articles

* v
* t
* e

Banking in China

* Banking in China
* History of banking in China

Central bank|

People's Bank

Policy bank|

* Agricultural Development
* Development
* Export–Import

State Council
commercial|

* Agricultural
* CITIC
* China
* Communications
* Construction
* Everbright
* Industrial and Commercial
* Merchants
* Postal Savings

Nationwide
commercial|

* Bohai
* Guangfa
* Huaxia
* Industrial
* Minsheng
* Ping An
* Shanghai Pudong Development
* Zheshang

Urban
commercial|

* Beijing
* Dalian
* Hangzhou
* Harbin
* Jiangsu
* Jilin
* Nanjing
* Ningbo
* Qingdao
* Shanghai
* Taian
* Taizhou
* Tianjin
* Tibet
* Shengjing
* Xiamen International

Regulatory
agency|

* National Administration of Financial Regulation

* List of banks in China
* List of banks in Hong Kong
* List of banks in Macau

* v
* t
* e

Banks and credit unions in Canada

Banks

| Big Five|

* Bank of Montreal
* Canadian Imperial Bank of Commerce
* Simplii Financial
* Royal Bank of Canada
* Scotiabank
* Tangerine
* Toronto-Dominion Bank (TD Canada Trust)

|

Other banks|

* Alterna Bank
* AMEX Bank of Canada
* Bank of China (Canada)
* Canadian Tire Bank
* Canadian Western Bank
* Motive Financial
* Citibank Canada
* Equitable Bank
* Exchange Bank
* First Nations Bank
* ICICI Bank Canada
* Laurentian Bank
* Manulife Bank
* Motusbank
* National Bank
* Peoples Bank
* President's Choice Bank
* Vancity
* VersaBank
* Wealth One Bank

Defunct|

* HSBC Bank Canada

Credit unions

| Federal|

* Coast Capital Savings
* Innovation
* UNI Financial Cooperation

|

Provincial|

| British Columbia|

* BlueShore Financial
* First West
* Envision Financial
* Island Savings
* Valley First
* Gulf & Fraser
* Prospera
* Vancity

|

Prairies|

* Access
* Affinity
* Assiniboine
* Cambrian
* Conexus
* ConnectFirst
* Servus
* Steinbach

Eastern Canada|

* Alterna Savings
* Pace
* Desjardins Group
* Desjardins Ontario
* DUCA
* Libro
* Meridian

Other financial institutions

| Federal|

* Business Development Bank of Canada
* Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation
* Farm Credit Canada

|

Provincial|

* ATB Financial

Deposit insurance
and regulation|

* Canada Deposit Insurance Corporation
* Financial Services Regulatory Authority of Ontario
* Office of the Superintendent of Financial Institutions

* v
* t
* e

Constituents of Hang Seng Index

Finance|

* HSBC
* Hang Seng Bank
* Hong Kong Exchanges and Clearing
* China Construction Bank
* AIA Group
* Industrial and Commercial Bank of China
* Ping An Insurance
* Bank of China (Hong Kong)
* China Life Insurance Company
* China Merchants Bank
* Bank of China

Utilities|

* CLP Group
* The Hong Kong and China Gas Company
* Power Assets Holdings
* China Resources Power
* CK Infrastructure Holdings
* ENN Energy

Properties|

* Henderson Land Development
* Sun Hung Kai Properties
* New World Development
* Hang Lung Properties
* China Overseas Land and Investment
* Link REIT
* Longfor Properties
* China Resources Land
* CK Asset Holdings
* China Resources Mixc Lifestyle
* Wharf Real Estate Investment Company
* Country Garden

Commerce
and
Industry|

* CK Hutchison Holdings
* Galaxy Entertainment Group
* MTR Corporation
* Geely Auto
* Alibaba Health
* CITIC Limited
* WH Group
* China Resources Beer
* Orient Overseas (International) Limited
* Tingyi
* Sinopec
* Techtronic Industries
* Tencent
* China Unicom
* PetroChina
* Xinyi Glass
* Zhongsheng Group
* CNOOC Limited
* China Mobile
* Xinyi Solar
* Semiconductor Manufacturing International Corporation
* Lenovo
* Hengan International
* China Shenhua Energy
* CSPC Pharmaceutical Group
* Sinopharm Group
* Sino Biopharmaceutical Limited
* BYD Company
* China Hongqiao Group
* Xiaomi
* Budweiser Brewing Company APAC
* Sands China
* Chow Tai Fook
* Li Auto
* Anta Sports
* WuXi Biologics
* Shenzhou International
* Mengniu Dairy
* Li-Ning
* WuXi AppTec
* Sunny Optical
* Zijin Mining
* Meituan
* Hansoh Pharmaceutical
* JD Health
* Haier
* Haidilao
* JD.com
* Nongfu Spring
* Baidu
* Trip.com Group
* Alibaba Group
* NetEase

* v
* t
* e

Constituents of the FTSE China A50 Index

* Agricultural Bank of China
* Bank of China
* Bank of Communications
* Beijing–Shanghai High-Speed Railway
* BYD
* CGN Power
* China CITIC Bank
* China Construction Bank
* China Everbright Bank
* China Merchants Bank
* China Pacific Insurance
* China Petroleum & Chemical
* China Securities
* China Shenhua Energy
* China State Construction Engineering
* China Tourism Group
* China Yangtze Power
* CITIC Securities
* Contemporary Amperex Technology
* East Money Information
* Foshan Haitian Flavouring and Food
* Foxconn Industrial Internet
* Great Wall Motor
* Gree Electric Appliances Inc of Zhuhai
* Haier
* Hygon Information Technology
* Industrial and Commercial Bank of China
* Industrial Bank
* Inner Mongolia Yili Industrial
* Jiangsu Hengrui Medicine
* Kweichow Moutai
* LONGi Green Energy Technology
* Luxshare
* Luzhou Laojiao
* Midea Group
* Mindray
* Muyuan Foodstuff
* Nari Technology
* People's Insurance Company of China
* PetroChina
* Ping An Bank
* Ping An Insurance
* Postal Savings Bank of China
* S.F. Holding
* Shaanxi Coal and Chemical Industry
* Shanghai Pudong Development Bank
* Shanxi Xinghuacun Fen Wine Factory
* Wanhua Chemical Group
* Wuliangye Yibin
* Yihai Kerry
* Zijin Mining

* v
* t
* e

Hang Seng China Enterprises Index companies of Hong Kong

* Agricultural Bank of China
* Alibaba Group
* Alibaba Health
* Anta Sports
* Baidu
* Bank of China
* Bank of Communications
* Bilibili
* BYD Company
* CG Services
* China Construction Bank
* China Feihe
* China Gas
* China Life Insurance Company
* China Merchants Bank
* China Mobile
* China Overseas Land and Investment
* China Pacific Insurance Company
* China Resources Beer
* China Resources Land
* CITIC Limited
* CNOOC Limited
* Country Garden
* ENN Energy
* Geely Auto
* Haidilao
* ICBC
* Innovent Bio
* JD Health
* JD Logistics
* JD.com
* Kuaishou
* Lenovo
* Li-Ning
* Longfor Properties
* Meituan
* Mengniu Dairy
* NetEase
* Nongfu Spring
* Ping An Insurance
* Postal Savings Bank of China
* Shenzhou International
* Shijiazhuang Pharma Group
* Sino Biopharmaceutical Limited
* Sinopec
* SMIC
* Sunny Optical
* Tencent
* Xiaomi
* Xinyi Solar

* v
* t
* e

Constituents of Hang Seng China 50 Index

* Agricultural Bank of China
* Alibaba Group
* Baidu
* Bank of China
* Bank of Communications
* BYD Company
* CATL
* China Construction Bank
* China Life Insurance Company
* China Merchants Bank
* China Mobile
* China Pacific Insurance Company
* China Shenhua Energy
* CITS Group Corporation
* China Yangtze Power
* CITIC Securities
* CNOOC Limited
* Foshan Haitian Flavouring & Food Co
* Great Wall Motor
* Gree Electric
* Hikvision
* ICBC
* Industrial Bank
* JD.com
* Jiangsu Hengrui Medicine
* Kuaishou
* Kweichow Moutai
* LONGi
* Luxshare
* Meituan
* Midea Group
* Mindray
* Muyuan Foodstuff
* NetEase
* Nongfu Spring
* PetroChina
* Ping An Bank
* Ping An Insurance
* Postal Savings Bank of China
* SF Express
* Shanghai Pudong Development Bank
* Shanxi Xinghuacun Fen Wine Factory
* Sinopec
* Tencent
* Vanke
* Wanhua Chemical Group
* Wuliangye Yibin
* WuXi AppTec
* Xiaomi
* Yihai Kerry

* v
* t
* e

S&P Asia 50 companies

Mainland China|

* Bank of China
* China Construction Bank
* China Life Insurance Company
* China Merchants Bank
* China Mobile
* China Overseas Land and Investment
* China Petroleum & Chemical
* CNOOC Limited
* Industrial and Commercial Bank of China
* Meituan-Dianping
* PetroChina
* Ping An Insurance

Hong Kong|

* AIA Group
* CK Asset Holdings
* CK Hutchison Holdings
* CLP Holdings
* Galaxy Entertainment Group
* Hang Seng Bank
* Hong Kong and China Gas
* Hong Kong Exchanges and Clearing
* Link Real Estate Investment Trust
* Sands China
* Sun Hung Kai Properties

Singapore|

* DBS Group
* Oversea-Chinese Banking
* United Overseas Bank
* Singapore Telecommunications

South Korea|

* Celltrion
* Hyundai Mobis
* Hyundai Motor Company
* KB Financial Group
* KT&G
* LG Chem
* Naver
* POSCO
* Samsung Electronics
* SK Hynix

Taiwan|

* Largan Precision
* Cathay Financial Holding
* CTBC Financial Holding
* Formosa Plastics
* Hon Hai Precision Industry
* MediaTek
* TSMC

* v
* t
* e

Members of the Euro Banking Association

Austria|

* Bank für Tirol und Vorarlberg
* BKS Bank
* Erste Group Bank
* Oberbank
* Oesterreichische Nationalbank
* Raiffeisen Bank International
* Raiffeisenlandesbank Oberösterreich
* UniCredit Bank Austria

Belgium|

* Belfius
* BNP Paribas Fortis
* bpost bank
* KBC Bank

Cyprus|

* Bank of Cyprus
* Hellenic Bank

Denmark|

* Danske Bank
* Spar Nord Bank
* Sparekassen Sjælland
* Sydbank

Finland|

* Aktia Bank
* Bank of Åland
* DnB Bank
* Nordea Bank
* Pohjola Bank
* S-Bank

France|

* BNP Paribas
* BPCE
* BRED Banque Populaire
* Crédit Agricole
* Crédit Mutuel Arkéa
* My Money Bank
* La Banque postale
* Société Générale

Germany|

* Bank of America Europe (USA)
* Bank of China (CHN)
* Berenberg Bank
* Commerzbank
* Deutsche Bank
* Deutsche Bundesbank
* DZ Bank
* Landesbank Baden-Württemberg
* Landesbank Hessen-Thüringen
* Swiss Euro Clearing Bank
* Standard Chartered
* UBS Europe
* Unicredit

Greece|

* Alpha Bank
* Eurobank Ergasias
* National Bank of Greece

Hungary|

* OTP Bank

Ireland|

* Allied Irish Banks
* Bank of Ireland
* Elavon

Italy|

* Banca del Fucino
* Banca Monte dei Paschi di Siena
* Banca Popolare del Lazio
* Banca Popolare di Sondrio
* Banca Sella
* Banco BPM
* BFF Bank
* BPER Banca
* Cassa di Risparmio di Fermo
* Credito Emiliano
* ICCREA Banca
* Intesa Sanpaolo
* Raiffeisen Landesbank Südtirol
* UniCredit

Luxembourg|

* Spuerkeess
* Banque Internationale à Luxembourg
* Gazprombank Luxembourg (RUS)

Netherlands|

* ABN AMRO
* De Nederlandsche Bank
* ING Bank
* Rabobank

Portugal|

* Banco BAI Europa (AGO)
* Banco BCP
* Banco Montepio
* Crédito Agrícola

Slovenia|

* Bank of Slovenia

Spain|

* Abanca
* BBVA
* Banco Cooperativo Español
* Banco Sabadell
* Banco Santander
* Bankinter
* CaixaBank
* Cecabank
* Ibercaja Banco
* Kutxabank
* Unicaja Banco

Sweden|

* Handelsbanken
* SEB
* Swedbank

United
Kingdom|

* Barclays
* Citibank Europe (USA)
* HSBC Bank
* JPMorgan Chase Bank, London Branch (USA)
* Lloyds Bank
* MUFG Bank (JPN)
* NatWest
* Wells Fargo (USA)

* v
* t
* e

Banking in Australia

Central bank|

* Reserve Bank of Australia

Local banks|

| Majors (Big Four)|

* ANZ
* Suncorp Bank
* Commonwealth Bank
* Bankwest
* National Australia Bank
* UBank
* 86 400
* Westpac
* Bank of Melbourne
* BankSA
* St.George Bank

|

Majors (other)|

* Alex Bank
* AMP
* Auswide Bank
* Judo Bank
* Macquarie Bank
* Bank of Queensland
* ME Bank
* Virgin Money
* Bendigo & Adelaide Bank
* Up

Member-owned|

* Bank Australia
* Australian Unity Bank
* Bank First
* BankVic
* Beyond Bank Australia
* Cairns Bank
* Community First Bank
* Credit Union SA
* Great Southern Bank
* Hume Bank
* IMB
* MyState
* Newcastle Greater Mutual
* Greater Bank
* Newcastle Permanent
* P&N Bank
* People First Bank
* Heritage Bank
* People's Choice
* Police Bank
* Qudos Bank
* RACQ Bank
* Regional Australia Bank
* Teachers Mutual Bank

Defunct|

* Volt Bank
* Xinja

Foreign banks|

* Arab Bank
* Bank of China
* Bank of Beirut
* Heartland Bank
* HSBC
* ING
* Rabobank

Non-bank lenders|

* Aussie
* Latitude
* La Trobe Financial
* Mortgage Choice
* Pepper Money
* Zip Co

Regulators|

* Australian Securities and Investments Commission
* Australian Competition & Consumer Commission
* Australian Prudential Regulation Authority
* Australian Payments Council
* Australian Payments Network
* eftpos
* BPAY
* New Payments Platform
* Four pillars policy

Other Financial Institutions|

* Cuscal
* Tyro Payments

Commissions of Inquiry|

Royal Commission 2017–2019

* Category:Banks of Australia
* Economy of Australia
* Financial system in Australia
* List of banks in Australia

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