Bank of Scotland

Bank based in Edinburgh, Scotland

This article is about the commercial and clearing bank. For banks in Scotland, see List of banks in Scotland. For state-owned investment bank, see Scottish National Investment Bank. For the central bank of Scotland, see Bank of England.

Not to be confused with Royal Bank of Scotland.

Bank of Scotland plc

Headquarters building on The Mound

Native name

| Banca na h-Alba (Gaelic)
Bank o Scotland (Scots)
Company type| Public
Industry| Financial services
Founded| 17 July 1695; 330 years ago (1695-07-17)
Headquarters| The Mound
Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
Products| Banking and Insurance
Total assets| £359 billion (2016) [1]

Number of employees

| 20,000
Parent| Lloyds Banking Group
Divisions|

* Halifax
* Birmingham Midshires
* Intelligent Finance

Website| www.bankofscotland.co.uk
Aerial view of headquarters building

The Bank of Scotland plc (Scottish Gaelic: Banca na h-Alba) is a commercial and clearing bank based in Edinburgh, Scotland, and is part of the Lloyds Banking Group. The bank was established by the Parliament of Scotland in 1695 to develop Scotland's trade with other countries, and aimed to create a stable banking system in the country.[2] It was the first bank to be established in Scotland, and is the oldest operational bank in the country,[3] the ninth oldest bank in continuous operation globally,[4] as well as the longest continuous issuer of banknotes in the world.[5]

With a history dating to the end of the 17th century, the Bank of Scotland was the first bank to have been established in Scotland, and,[6] it is the fifth-oldest extant bank in the United Kingdom (the Bank of England having been established one year earlier). It is the only commercial institution created by the Parliament of Scotland, when Scotland was an independent, sovereign state, to remain in existence. It was the first bank in Europe to successfully print its own banknotes,[7] and it continues to print its own sterling banknotes under legal arrangements that allow Scottish banks to issue currency.

In June 2006, the HBOS Group Reorganisation Act 2006 was passed by the Parliament of the United Kingdom, allowing the bank's structure to be simplified. As a result, The Governor and Company of the Bank of Scotland became Bank of Scotland plc on 17 September 2007.[8] Bank of Scotland has been a subsidiary of Lloyds Banking Group since 19 January 2009, when HBOS was acquired by Lloyds TSB.

## History

[edit]

### Establishment

[edit]

United Kingdom legislation

Bank of Scotland Act 1695

Act of Parliament

Parliament of Scotland

Long title| Act of Parliament for erecting a Bank in Scotland.
Citation| 1695 c. 88

During the 1690s, public finances and economic prospects of the country were largely uncertain, with credit proving difficult to gain and cash being in relative short supply. A group of merchants saw the establishment of a public bank as the solution to the financial issues facing the country at the time,[5] with The Governor and Company of the Bank of Scotland being established by an act of the Parliament of Scotland on 17 July 1695,[9] the Act for erecting a Bank in Scotland, opening for business in February 1696. Although established soon after the Bank of England (1694), the Bank of Scotland was a very different institution. Whereas the Bank of England was established specifically to finance defence spending by the English government, the Bank of Scotland was established by the Scottish government to support Scottish business, and was prohibited from lending to the government without parliamentary approval.[9]

The bank was established by the Parliament of Scotland, the legislature of the Kingdom of Scotland in 1695

The founding act granted the bank a monopoly on public banking in Scotland for 21 years, permitted the bank's directors to raise a nominal capital of £1,200,000 pound Scots (£100,000 pound sterling), gave the proprietors (shareholders) limited liability, and in the final clause (repealed only in 1920) made all foreign-born proprietors naturalised Scotsmen "to all Intents and Purposes whatsoever".[9] John Holland was one of the bank's founders,[9] and its first chief accountant was George Watson.[10] Following the establishment of the Bank of Scotland, and the raising of capital funds, the bank was able to provide loans in order to stabilise Scottish businesses and the Scottish economy.[5]

During its early days of operation, the Bank of Scotland acted as a means of public financial support during tough economic situations. The condition of harvest conditions leading to poor harvests and crops led to food shortages in Scotland during the 1700s, with the Bank of Scotland providing interest-free loans to help purchase meal and grain as a result of the lack of food due to harvest conditions.[5] The bank was the first bank in Europe to produce banknotes. Until the development of banknotes, coinage was the only means of cash, but it was largely scarce and unreliable. The bank devolved the idea of paper money, each with a set number of values. Banknotes were initially issued for £5, £10, £20, £50 and £100, all of which were issued from March 1696, with a £1 note being introduced into circulation later. The Bank of Scotland still produces its own banknotes, making the bank the longest continuous banknote issuer in the world.[5]

### 18th and 19th centuries

[edit]

Golden statue of Fame on top of the main dome, Bank of Scotland Head Office, Edinburgh by John Rhind

The Bank of Scotland was suspected of Jacobite sympathies.[9] Its first rival, the Royal Bank of Scotland, was formed by royal charter in 1727.[9] This led to a period of great competition between the two banks as they tried to drive each other out of business.[9] Although the "Bank Wars" ended in around 1751,[9] competition soon arose from other sources, as other Scottish banks were founded throughout the country.[9] In response, the Bank of Scotland itself began to open branches throughout Scotland.

Following the Acts of Union in 1707, the bank supervised the reminting of the old Scottish coinage into Sterling. It was one of the first banks in Europe to print its own banknotes, and it continues to print its own sterling banknotes under legal arrangements that allow Scottish banks to issue currency.[11] The bank also took the lead in establishing the security and stability of the entire Scottish banking system, which became more important after the insolvency of Alexander Fordyce and collapse of the Ayr Bank in 1772,[12] in the crisis following the collapse of the London house of Neal, James, Fordyce and Down.

Henry Dundas was Governor of the Bank of Scotland from 1790 to 1811. As well as governor, he was also Home Secretary in William Pitt the Younger's government. In 1792, Dundas was successful in passing the Slave Trade Bill in the House of Commons.[13] The bank was housed in the southern (1588) section of the Gourlay house on Melbourne Place before being moved to the customised bank building on the Mound in 1805.[14]

The Western Bank collapsed in 1857, and the Bank of Scotland stepped in with the other Scottish banks to ensure that all the Western Bank's notes were paid.[15] The first branch in London opened in 1865.[16]

### 20th century

[edit]

In the 1950s, the Bank of Scotland was involved in several mergers and acquisitions with different banks. In 1955, the Bank merged with the Union Bank of Scotland.[17] The Bank also expanded into consumer credit with the purchase of Chester-based, North West Securities (Later Capital Bank).[18] In 1971, the Bank agreed to merge with the British Linen Bank,[18] owned by Barclays Bank. The merger saw Barclays Bank acquire a 35% stake in the Bank of Scotland, a stake it retained until the 1990s.[19]

In 1959, the Bank of Scotland became the first bank in the UK to install a computer to process accounts centrally.[18] At 11:00 on 25 January 1985, the Bank of Scotland introduced HOBS (Home and Office Banking Services), an early example of remote access technology being made available to banking customers. This followed a small-scale service operated jointly with the Nottingham Building Society for two years but developed by the Bank of Scotland. The new HOBS service enabled customers to access their accounts directly on a television screen, using the Prestel telephone network.[20]

### International expansion

[edit]

Main article: Bank of Scotland International

Bank of Scotland offices in central Edinburgh

The arrival of North Sea oil to Scotland in the 1970s allowed the Bank of Scotland to expand into the energy sector. The bank later used this expertise in energy finance to expand internationally. The first international office opened in Houston, Texas, followed by more in the United States, Moscow and Singapore. In 1987, the bank acquired Countrywide Bank of New Zealand (later sold to Lloyds TSB in 1998). In 1995 the bank expanded into the Australian market by acquiring Perth based Bankwest.[18][21]

A controversial period in the bank's history was the attempt in 1999 to enter the United States retail banking market via a joint venture with evangelist Pat Robertson. The move was met with criticism from civil rights groups in the UK, owing to Robertson's controversial views on homosexuality. The bank was forced to cancel the deal when Robertson described Scotland as a "dark land overrun by homosexuals".[22]

### HBOS

[edit]

Main article: HBOS

Headquarters of the Bank of Scotland, located on The Mound, at North Bank Street, Edinburgh (the street is named in honour of the bank having moved there in 1806)

In the late 1990s, the UK financial sector market underwent a period of consolidation on a large scale. Many of the large building societies were demutualising and becoming banks in their own right or merging with existing banks. For instance Lloyds Bank and TSB Bank merged in 1995 to create Lloyds TSB.[23] In 1999, the Bank of Scotland made a takeover bid for National Westminster Bank.[24] Since the Bank of Scotland was significantly smaller than the English-based NatWest, the move was seen as an audacious and risky move. However, The Royal Bank of Scotland tabled a rival offer, and a bitter takeover battle ensued, with the Royal Bank the victor.[25]

In 2000, the Bank of Scotland became the first bank in the United Kingdom to introduce the concept of mobile banking, using WAP mobile phones. A simple and basic concept, the system allowed customers to only access account information, but it has been credited since for paving the way for the advancement and increased usage of mobile banking.[5] The Bank of Scotland was now the centre of other merger opportunities. A proposal to merge with the Abbey National was explored, but later rejected.[26] In 2001, the Bank of Scotland and the Halifax agreed a merger to form HBOS ("Halifax Bank of Scotland").[27]

In 2006, HBOS secured the passing of the HBOS Group Reorganisation Act 2006, a local act of Parliament that would allow the group to operate within a simplified structure. The act allowed HBOS to make the Governor and Company of the Bank of Scotland a public limited company, Bank of Scotland plc, which became the principal banking subsidiary of HBOS. Halifax plc and Capital Bank plc transferred their undertakings to Bank of Scotland plc, and although the Halifax brand name was retained, Halifax then began to operate under the latter company's UK banking licence.[28] Capital Bank branding was phased out.

The provisions in the act were implemented on 17 September 2007.[29] In 2008, HBOS Group agreed to be taken over by Lloyds TSB Group during the Great Recession.[30]

## Sponsorships

[edit]

The Bank of Scotland sponsored the Scottish Premier League from its inception in 1998, until the end of the 2006–2007 Scottish Premier League season, following its decision to not renew the deal in favour of investing in grassroots sport instead. Additionally, the bank sponsored Scottish Athletics for a number of years.[31] Since November 2010, the Bank of Scotland Foundation has invested over £32 million to around 2,500 charities in Scotland, reaching roughly 1.2 million people by providing financial support to local services and personal support services.[32]

## Banknotes

[edit]

See also: Banknotes of Scotland

### Banknote history

[edit]

Although the Bank of Scotland today is not a central bank, it retains the right (along with two other Scottish commercial banks) to issue pound sterling banknotes to this day. These notes are equal in value to notes issued by the Bank of England, the central bank of the United Kingdom.

The Bank of Scotland was the first European bank to issue paper currency redeemable for cash on demand (which was an extremely useful facility given the poor state of the Scottish coinage at the end of the 17th century) on a sustainable basis after the earlier failed attempt of the Swedish Stockholms Banco in 1661–64.[5] Following the Acts of Union in 1707, the bank supervised the reminting of the old Scottish coinage into Sterling. Up until the middle of the 19th century, privately owned banks in Great Britain and Ireland were permitted to issue their own banknotes, and money issued by provincial Scottish,[33] English, Welsh and Irish banking companies circulated freely as a means of payment.[34] The Bank of Scotland still produces its own banknotes, and is the longest continuous issuer of banknotes in the world. In 2022, the Bank of Scotland revealed the design of its £100 polymer note. The design was the first to commemorate the contribution of an influential person from Scotland, the suffragette and medical pioneer, Dr Flora Murray.[35]

In 1826, there was outrage in Scotland at the attempt of the United Kingdom Parliament to prevent the production of banknotes of less than five pounds face value. Sir Walter Scott wrote a series of letters to the Edinburgh Weekly Journal under the pseudonym "Malachi Malagrowther", which provoked such a response that the government was forced to relent and allow the Scottish banks to continue printing £1 notes.[36]

### 1995 "Tercentenary" series

[edit]

The Tercentenary Series £50 note (1995)

Bank of Scotland's previous note issue was in 1995, known as the Tercentenary Series as they were issued in the year of the three hundredth anniversary of the foundation of the bank. Each denomination features Sir Walter Scott on the front, and on the back are representations of industries that Scotland excels in:

* £5 note featuring a vignette of oil and energy
* £10 note featuring a vignette of distilling and brewing
* £20 note featuring a vignette of education and research
* £50 note featuring a vignette of arts and culture
* £100 note featuring a vignette of leisure and tourism.

These notes are no longer in circulation.

### 2007 "Bridges" series

[edit]

A £20 note of the 2007 issue.

Bank of Scotland began issuing a new series of banknotes in the Autumn of 2007, which feature the common theme of Scottish bridges.[37] It will take at least three years for the current issue of Bank of Scotland notes to be phased out of circulation. In keeping with the bank's tradition, the front of the notes depict an image of Sir Walter Scott; the image on the 2007 series is based on the portrait of Scott painted by Henry Raeburn.[38]

Some new security features have also been added to the new design. These include a metallic security thread embedded in every banknote, which contains the numerical value of the note and the note's bridge image. A new hologram and foil patch has been introduced on the front of the £20, £50 and £100 notes, which features the Bank of Scotland logo and the numerical value of the note.

* £5 note features the Brig o' Doon
* £10 note features the Glenfinnan Viaduct
* £20 note features the Forth Bridge
* £50 note features the Falkirk Wheel
* £100 note features the Kessock Bridge

On 1 March 2018 the Bank of Scotland decided to withdraw all of its paper £5 and £10 notes, and fully replace them with its polymer equivalents (see below).[39]

### 2016 Polymer series

[edit]

Bank of Scotland began issuing new banknotes on polymer in 2016, beginning with the £5 note. The main theme of the bridges of Scotland are kept for this series, but have been redesigned to incorporate additional design features. The portrait of Sir Walter Scott by Henry Raeburn is the same as the 2007 issues, but have been shifted from the centre to the right side of the notes. The bank's headquarters, "The Mound" is featured at the centre of the note. The size of the notes for this series is also reduced.[40][41][42]

* £5 note features Brig o' Doon
* £10 note features Glenfinnan Viaduct
* £20 note features the Forth Bridge and a commemorative £20 note features the Queensferry Crossing
* £50 note features Falkirk Wheel and The Kelpies
* £100 note features Flora Murray

## Corporate structure

[edit]

Associated brands include:

* Halifax
* Intelligent Finance
* Birmingham Midshires
* Bank of Scotland Corporate
* Capital Bank
* Bank of Scotland Investment Services
* Bank of Scotland Private Banking

## List of governors of the Bank of Scotland

[edit]

John Dalrymple, 10th Earl of Stair, Governor (1870–1903) Alexander Bruce, 6th Lord Balfour of Burleigh, Governor (1904–1921)

1. John Holland 1696–1697
2. David Melville, 3rd Earl of Leven 1697–1728
3. Alexander Hume, 2nd Earl of Marchmont 1728–1740
4. Charles Hope, 1st Earl of Hopetoun 1740–1742
5. Colonel John Stratton 1742
6. John Hay, 4th Marquess of Tweeddale 1742–1762
7. Hugh Hume, 3rd Earl of Marchmont 1763–1790
8. Henry Dundas, 1st Viscount Melville 1790–1811
9. Robert Dundas, 2nd Viscount Melville 1812–1851
10. James Broun Ramsay, 1st Marquess of Dalhousie 1851–1860[43]
11. John Campbell, 2nd Marquess of Breadalbane 1861–1862
12. George Hamilton-Baillie, 11th Earl of Haddington 1863–1870
13. John Dalrymple, 10th Earl of Stair 1870–1903
14. Alexander Bruce, 6th Lord Balfour of Burleigh 1904–1921
15. William Mure 1921–1924
16. Sidney Elphinstone, 16th Lord Elphinstone 1924–1955
17. Sir John Craig 1955–1957
18. Steven Bilsland, 1st Baron Bilsland 1957–1966
19. Henry Hepburne-Scott, 10th Lord Polwarth 1966–1972
20. Ronald Colville, 2nd Baron Clydesmuir 1972–1981
21. Sir Thomas Risk 1981–1991
22. Sir Bruce Pattullo 1991–1998
23. Sir Alistair Grant 1998–1999
24. Sir John Shaw 1999–2001
25. Sir Peter Burt 2001–2003
26. George Mitchell 2003–2006
27. Dennis Stevenson, Baron Stevenson of Coddenham 2006– 2007

## See also

[edit]

* Banknotes of Scotland
* British banknotes
* List of banks
* The Royal Bank of Scotland
* William Paterson (banker)
* Homelink
* Museum on the Mound

## References

[edit]

1. ^ Companies House (29 November 2020). "Companies Accounts". Companies House. Retrieved 29 November 2020.
2. ^ "Bank of Scotland". Archived from the original on 27 May 2022. Retrieved 15 May 2022.
3. ^ "BOS - Internet Banking - Unavailable". www.bankofscotland.co.uk. Retrieved 11 February 2025.
4. ^ "10 oldest operational banks in the world". The Business Standard. 30 November 2020. Retrieved 21 June 2024.
5. ^ a b c d e f g "Lloyds Banking Group - Bank of Scotland". www.lloydsbankinggroup.com. Retrieved 9 February 2025.
6. ^ "BOS - Internet Banking - Unavailable". www.bankofscotland.co.uk. Retrieved 1 June 2024.
7. ^ Perman, Ray (2019). The Rise and Fall of the City of Money. Birlinn. p. 19\. ISBN 9781780276236.
8. ^ "Bank of Scotland plc". Companies House. Archived from the original on 30 November 2020. Retrieved 12 November 2020.
9. ^ a b c d e f g h i "Rampant Scotland". Archived from the original on 11 February 2021. Retrieved 26 October 2005.
10. ^ Saville, Richard (1996). Bank of Scotland by Richard Saville Page XXXIII. ISBN 978-0-7486-0757-0. Archived from the original on 20 June 2023. Retrieved 25 March 2023.
11. ^ "Banknotes: Why do Scotland and Northern Ireland have their own money?". BBC. 10 March 2020. Archived from the original on 4 August 2022. Retrieved 4 August 2022.
12. ^ Hamilton, Henry (1956). "The Failure of the Ayr Bank, 1772". The Economic History Review. 8 (3): 405–417\. JSTOR 2598492. Archived from the original on 27 February 2024. Retrieved 30 August 2017.
13. ^ Cobbett, William (1817). Cobbett's Parliamentary History of England.
14. ^ Grant's Old and New Edinburgh vol 1 Ch 12
15. ^ Saville, Richard (1996). Bank of Scotland by Richard Saville Page 393. ISBN 978-0-7486-0757-0. Archived from the original on 27 February 2024. Retrieved 25 March 2023.
16. ^ Saville, Richard (1996). Bank of Scotland by Richard Saville Page 413. ISBN 978-0-7486-0757-0. Archived from the original on 27 February 2024. Retrieved 25 March 2023.
17. ^ Bank of Scotland Corporate to move back to 110 St Vincent Street Archived 11 December 2008 at the Wayback Machine
18. ^ a b c d "Timeline: Bank of Scotland". 17 September 2008. Archived from the original on 20 September 2008. Retrieved 22 November 2008.
19. ^ "RBI 750 retrospective: two-thirds of branches axed". Retail Banker International. 26 June 2018. Archived from the original on 15 December 2021. Retrieved 15 December 2021.
20. ^ "Bank of Scotland". Archives Hub. Archived from the original on 15 December 2021. Retrieved 15 December 2021.
21. ^ Energetic Scots buy BankWest for $900m Australian Financial Review 21 September 1995
22. ^ "Bank drops evangelist". BBC News. 5 June 1999. Archived from the original on 25 September 2008. Retrieved 23 October 2008.
23. ^ "Lloyds Bank to merge with TSB Group". Archived from the original on 28 February 2017. Retrieved 14 February 2017.
24. ^ "Battle for Natwest resumes as DTI clears £22bn Bank of Scotland bid". Independent.co.uk. Archived from the original on 1 March 2017. Retrieved 24 August 2017.
25. ^ "Bank admits defeat over Natwest". Archived from the original on 26 May 2004. Retrieved 22 November 2008.
26. ^ "Bank of Scotland to continue talks with Abbey National". Archived from the original on 11 December 2008. Retrieved 22 November 2008.
27. ^ "Bank of Scotland and Halifax agree merger". 4 May 2001. Archived from the original on 21 February 2009. Retrieved 22 November 2008.
28. ^ "Bank Licence List Investor Compensation". Financial Advice. Archived from the original on 15 December 2021. Retrieved 15 December 2021.
29. ^ "HBoS Reorganisation Act 2006". Archived from the original on 27 February 2024. Retrieved 13 September 2012.
30. ^ Lloyds: What happens next? Archived 26 October 2008 at the Wayback Machine
31. ^ "Bank to end its SPL sponsorship". BBC. 22 March 2006. Retrieved 6 February 2025.
32. ^ "BOS - Internet Banking - Unavailable". www.bankofscotland.co.uk. Retrieved 6 February 2025.
33. ^ "Bank of Scotland 'family tree'". HBOS History. Archived from the original on 15 September 2007. Retrieved 8 October 2007.
34. ^ "British Provincial Banknotes". pp. 1–6\. Archived from the original on 19 November 2007. Retrieved 8 October 2007.
35. ^ "Lloyds Banking Group - Bank of Scotland - Flora Murray". www.lloydsbankinggroup.com. Retrieved 9 February 2025.
36. ^ "Malachi Malagrowther and the Scottish banknote". BBC. 22 April 2013. Archived from the original on 17 November 2023. Retrieved 15 December 2021.
37. ^ "Current Banknotes : Bank of Scotland". The Committee of Scottish Clearing Bankers. Archived from the original on 3 October 2008. Retrieved 17 October 2008.
38. ^ "Bank of Scotland to launch new series of banknotes". Bank of Scotland press releases. HBOS plc. 21 June 2007. Archived from the original on 26 January 2009. Retrieved 14 October 2008.
39. ^ "The Bridges series – withdrawn". scotbanks.org.uk. Committee of Scottish Clearing Banks. Archived from the original on 18 April 2019. Retrieved 19 April 2019.
40. ^ Bank of Scotland new 5-pound note confirmed Archived 7 November 2019 at the Wayback Machine Banknote News (banknotenews.com). 12 October 2016. Retrieved on 5 June 2017.
41. ^ Bank of Scotland new 10-pound polymer note unveiled Archived 7 November 2019 at the Wayback Machine Banknote News (banknotenews.com). 29 May 2017. Retrieved on 5 June 2017.
42. ^ Scotland BOS new 20-pound polymer notes unveiled Archived 7 November 2019 at the Wayback Machine Banknote News (banknotenews.com). 7 November 2019. Retrieved on 7 November 2019.
43. ^ Saville, Richard (1996). Bank of Scotland: a history, 1695–1995. Edinburgh University Press. p. 409\. ISBN 978-0-7486-0757-0. Archived from the original on 27 February 2024. Retrieved 15 October 2020.

## External links

[edit]

* Media related to Bank of Scotland at Wikimedia Commons
* Data related to Bank of Scotland at Wikidata
* Official website
* Intelligent Finance
* History, from the Lloyds Banking Group website
* Museum on the Mound Official page of the company's museum
* Documents and clippings about the Bank of Scotland in the 20th Century Press Archives of the ZBW

* v
* t
* e

Lloyds Banking Group

Retail|

* Lloyds Bank
* Lloyds Bank International
* Bank of Scotland
* Halifax
* Birmingham Midshires
* St James's Place Bank
* Schroders Personal Wealth
* Halifax Share Dealing

Commercial|

* Agricultural Mortgage Corporation
* Lloyds Bank Corporate Markets
* Lloyds Development Capital

Consumer|

* Black Horse
* Colleys (surveyors)
* Lex Autolease
* MBNA

Insurance|

* Lloyds Bank General Insurance (underwriter)
* Lloyds Bank Insurance Services (intermediary)
* Scottish Widows

Former|

| Lloyds TSB|

* Bank of London and Montreal
* Bank of London and South America
* Capital and Counties Bank
* Cheltenham & Gloucester
* Cox & Kings
* Cunliffe, Brooks
* Fox, Fowler and Company
* Hart, Fellow's and Company
* Hill Samuel
* Lewis's Bank
* Lloyds and National Provincial Foreign Bank
* Lloyds Associated Banking Company
* Lloyds Bank California
* Lloyds Bank Canada
* National Bank of New Zealand
* Porterbrook
* Trustee Savings Bank
* TSB Bank

|

HBOS|

* Bank of Wales
* Bankwest
* British Linen Bank
* Banco Halifax Hispania
* Bank of Scotland International
* Clerical Medical
* Halifax (Ireland)
* Intelligent Finance
* The Leeds
* Sainsbury's Bank

Legislation|

* Lloyds TSB Act 1998
* HBOS Group Reorganisation Act 2006

Other|

* Lloyds Bank RFC
* Museum on the Mound

* Category
* Commons

* v
* t
* e

Economy of Scotland

* History
* Economy of the United Kingdom

Companies|

* List of companies
* State-owned companies

Finance|

* Taxation
* Business rates
* International Financial Services District

Banking|

| Scotland|

* Bank of Scotland
* Royal Bank of Scotland
* Clydesdale Bank
* Banking and finance
* List of banks in Scotland

|

UK-wide|

* Bank of England
* Royal Mint
* Other commercial banks

Policy|

| UK-wide|

* Currency
* Banknotes
* Bank of England
* Governor of the Bank of England
* UK-wide Taxation
* Barnett formula
* UK Budget
* Company law
* Competition and Markets Authority
* Department for Business and Trade
* Financial Conduct Authority
* Gilts
* HM Revenue and Customs
* HM Treasury
* Chancellor of the Exchequer
* Debt Management Office
* Monetary Policy Committee
* Office for Budget Responsibility
* UK Statistics Authority
* UK Trade & Investment

|

Scotland-specific|

* Scottish Government
* Cabinet Secretary for Finance
* Revenue Scotland
* Government Expenditure and Revenue Scotland
* Scottish Parliament
* Committees of the Scottish Parliament
* Finance and Public Administration
* Public Audit
* Scots law
* Scottish devolution
* Audit Scotland
* Auditor General
* Scottish Enterprise
* Scottish Council for Development and Industry
* Council of Economic Advisers
* Advisory Council for Economic Transformation

Localised|

* Tourism
* Transport
* Aberdeen
* Edinburgh
* Glasgow

People
and labour|

* Billionaires
* Businesspeople
* Inventors
* Business schools
* Adam Smith School of Economics and Finance
* Edinburgh Business School
* Glasgow School for Business and Society
* Strathclyde Business School
* University of Edinburgh Business School
* Demography
* UK Labour law
* UK equality law
* UK Minimum wage
* Pensions
* Trades unions
* Scottish Trades Union Congress
* Unemployment

Sectors|

* Brands
* Innovations
* Renewable energy
* ScottishPower
* Energy policy of Scotland
* Local Energy Scotland
* Wave Energy Scotland
* Oil industry
* North Sea oil
* Food and drink
* Cuisine
* Beer
* Water supply and sanitation in Scotland
* Agriculture
* Fishing
* Manufacturing
* Forestry
* Education
* Science and technology
* Media
* Cinema
* Music
* Healthcare
* Housing and construction
* Architecture
* Supermarkets
* Silicon Glen
* Tourism
* VisitScotland
* Transport
* Scotch whisky
* Space industry

Theory|

* Economic impacts
* COVID-19
* Brexit
* Recessions
* Economic proposals
* Full fiscal autonomy
* Full independence
* Union dividend
* Theorists

Scotland portal

* Category
* Commons

Links to related articles

* v
* t
* e

Scotland articles

* Outline of Scotland

History|

* Timeline
* Prehistoric
* Roman times
* Middle Ages
* Early Middle Ages
* Kingdom
* High Middle Ages
* Davidian Revolution
* Wars of Independence
* Late Middle Ages
* Renaissance
* Early modern
* Reformation
* Colonisation of the Americas
* Glorious Revolution
* Treaty of Union
* 1707 Acts of Union
* Jacobitism
* Enlightenment
* Lowland Clearances
* Highland Clearances
* Industrial Revolution
* Romanticism
* Modern

Geography|

* Anglo-Scottish border
* Central Belt
* Climate
* Conservation
* Fauna
* Flora
* Geology
* Highlands
* Islands
* Lochs
* Lowlands
* Mountains and hills
* highest
* Protected areas
* Waterfalls
* Glens
* Ecoregions
* Biosphere reserves
* Environment
* Municipalities
* Munro

Politics|

| Government|

| Politics|

* Government
* list of governments
* international relations
* Devolution
* Elections
* electoral system
* First Minister
* Keeper of the Great Seal of Scotland
* Deputy First Minister
* Great Seal of Scotland
* Human rights
* LGBT rights
* Independence
* Local government
* history
* cities
* Armed forces
* military history
* Monarchs
* Members of Parliament
* Parliament
* Member of the Scottish Parliament
* Political parties
* Republicanism
* Scotland Office
* Secretary of State
* Nationalism
* Unionism

|

Law|

* Advocate General
* Courts (List)
* Supreme Courts of Scotland (Court of Session, High Court of Justiciary, Office of the Accountant of Court)
* Crown Office
* Lord Advocate
* Lord President
* Procurator fiscal
* Solicitor General
* Sheriff principal
* College of Justice
* Scots property law
* Udal law
* Prison population
* Police Scotland

Economy|

* Agriculture
* Bank of Scotland
* Charities
* Companies
* Fishing
* Forestry
* Harris Tweed
* Housing
* Media
* Oil industry (North Sea oil)
* Power stations
* Renewable energy
* Royal Bank of Scotland
* Tourism
* Transport
* Whisky
* Silicon Glen
* Unemployment
* International trade

Society|

| Culture|

* Architecture
* Art
* Clans
* Cuisine
* Education
* Curriculum for Excellence
* schools
* colleges
* universities
* Scottish Qualifications Authority
* Education Scotland
* Hogmanay
* Identity
* Inventions and discoveries
* Literature
* Museums
* Music
* Oldest buildings
* Performing arts
* Philosophy
* Placenames
* Prostitution
* Royal National Mòd
* Sport
* Surnames
* Symbols
* anthem
* coat of arms
* flags
* national flag
* tartan
* regimental
* unicorn
* World Heritage Sites
* Festivals
* Comedy

|

Demographics|

| Languages|

* Highland English
* Scottish English
* Scottish Gaelic
* Scots
* British Sign Language

|

People (list)|

* Actors
* Artists
* Inventors
* Musicians
* Scientists
* Writers

Religion|

* Baháʼí Faith
* Buddhism
* Christianity
* Christmas
* Church of Scotland
* General Assembly
* moderators
* Roman Catholicism
* Scottish Episcopal Church
* Baptist Union
* Free Church of Scotland
* Hinduism
* Islam
* Judaism
* Sikhism
* Ethnic minorities

* Outline

* Category
* Portal

* v
* t
* e

Banks of Scotland

Present|

* Bank of Scotland
* Clydesdale Bank
* Royal Bank of Scotland
* Sainsbury's Bank
* Tesco Bank
* TSB Bank

Past|

* Adam and Company
* Airdrie Savings Bank
* British Linen Bank
* City of Glasgow Bank
* Commercial Bank of Scotland
* Douglas, Heron & Company
* Glasgow and Ship Bank
* Leith Banking Company
* National Bank of Scotland
* National Commercial Bank of Scotland

Notes|

* Banknotes of Scotland
* Banknotes of the pound sterling

See also|

* Chartered Institute of Bankers in Scotland
* Scottish bankers

Scotland portal

* v
* t
* e

Banks in the United Kingdom

Banking in the United Kingdom (History)

Barclays|

* Barclays Bank
* Tesco Bank

HSBC Holdings|

* First Direct
* HSBC UK Bank
* HSBC Private Bank
* M&S Bank

Lloyds Banking Group|

* Bank of Scotland
* Halifax
* Lloyds Bank

NatWest Group|

* NatWest
* Coutts & Co.
* Royal Bank of Scotland
* Messrs. Drummond
* Holt's Military Banking
* Ulster Bank
* Isle of Man Bank

Santander Group|

* Cahoot
* Cater Allen
* Santander UK

Wholly state-owned|

* National Savings and Investments
* UK Government Investments
* UK Asset Resolution

Challenger banks|

* Atom Bank
* Kroo
* Monzo
* Starling Bank
* Tandem Money
* Zopa

Other retail|

* Al Rayan Bank
* Aldermore
* AIB Group (UK)
* Allied Irish Bank (GB)
* AIB (NI)
* Bank of Ireland
* Chase UK
* The Co-operative Bank
* Smile
* Danske Bank
* easyMoney
* Handelsbanken
* Hodge Bank
* Kent Reliance
* Kingdom Bank
* Metro Bank
* Paragon
* Reliance Bank
* Secure Trust Bank
* Sainsbury's Bank
* Shawbrook Bank
* Standard Chartered
* Triodos Bank
* TSB Bank
* Virgin Money
* Clydesdale Bank
* Yorkshire Bank
* Wesleyan Bank

Other commercial
and private|

* Arbuthnot Latham & Co
* Butterfield Bank
* C. Hoare & Co
* Cambridge & Counties Bank
* Close Brothers Group
* Duncan Lawrie
* J.P. Morgan
* Kleinwort Hambros
* Rothschild & Co
* Unity Trust Bank
* Weatherbys

* Big Four banks are underlined and private banks are shown in italics

* v
* t
* e

Sterling banknotes

England and Wales|

| Bank of England|

| Current|

* £5
* £10
* £20
* £50

|

Discontinued|

* 10/–
* £1
* £100
* £200
* £500
* £1,000

Non-circulating|

* £1,000,000
* £10,000,000
* £100,000,000

Scotland|

| Bank of Scotland|

* £5
* £10
* £20
* £50
* £100

|

Royal Bank of Scotland|

* £1
* £5
* £10
* £20
* £50
* £100

Clydesdale Bank|

| Current issue|

* £5
* £10
* £20
* £100

|

Discontinued|

* £50

Northern Ireland (currently issued)|

| Bank of Ireland|

* £5
* £10
* £20
* £50
* £100

|

Danske Bank/Northern Bank|

| Current issue|

* £10
* £20

|

Discontinued|

* £5
* £50
* £100

Ulster Bank|

* £5
* £10
* £20
* £50
* £100

Northern Ireland (no longer issued)|

| AIB|

* £1
* £5
* £10
* £20
* £50
* £100

|

Crown Dependencies|

* Guernsey pound
* Jersey pound
* Manx pound

British Overseas Territories
(at parity with sterling)|

* Falkland Islands pound
* Gibraltar pound
* Saint Helena pound

See also|

* Sterling (currency)
* Sterling coins
* Economy of the United Kingdom
* Sterling area

* v
* t
* e

Members of the Euro Banking Association

Austria|

* Bank für Tirol und Vorarlberg
* BKS Bank
* Erste Group Bank
* Oberbank
* Oesterreichische Nationalbank
* Raiffeisen Bank International
* Raiffeisenlandesbank Oberösterreich
* UniCredit Bank Austria

Belgium|

* Belfius
* BNP Paribas Fortis
* bpost bank
* KBC Bank

Cyprus|

* Bank of Cyprus
* Hellenic Bank

Denmark|

* Danske Bank
* Spar Nord Bank
* Sparekassen Sjælland
* Sydbank

Finland|

* Aktia Bank
* Bank of Åland
* DnB Bank
* Nordea Bank
* Pohjola Bank
* S-Bank

France|

* BNP Paribas
* BPCE
* BRED Banque Populaire
* Crédit Agricole
* Crédit Mutuel Arkéa
* My Money Bank
* La Banque postale
* Société Générale

Germany|

* Bank of America Europe (USA)
* Bank of China (CHN)
* Berenberg Bank
* Commerzbank
* Deutsche Bank
* Deutsche Bundesbank
* DZ Bank
* Landesbank Baden-Württemberg
* Landesbank Hessen-Thüringen
* Swiss Euro Clearing Bank
* Standard Chartered
* UBS Europe
* Unicredit

Greece|

* Alpha Bank
* Eurobank Ergasias
* National Bank of Greece

Hungary|

* OTP Bank

Ireland|

* Allied Irish Banks
* Bank of Ireland
* Elavon

Italy|

* Banca del Fucino
* Banca Monte dei Paschi di Siena
* Banca Popolare del Lazio
* Banca Popolare di Sondrio
* Banca Sella
* Banco BPM
* BFF Bank
* BPER Banca
* Cassa di Risparmio di Fermo
* Credito Emiliano
* ICCREA Banca
* Intesa Sanpaolo
* Raiffeisen Landesbank Südtirol
* UniCredit

Luxembourg|

* Spuerkeess
* Banque Internationale à Luxembourg
* Gazprombank Luxembourg (RUS)

Netherlands|

* ABN AMRO
* De Nederlandsche Bank
* ING Bank
* Rabobank

Portugal|

* Banco BAI Europa (AGO)
* Banco BCP
* Banco Montepio
* Crédito Agrícola

Slovenia|

* Bank of Slovenia

Spain|

* Abanca
* BBVA
* Banco Cooperativo Español
* Banco Sabadell
* Banco Santander
* Bankinter
* CaixaBank
* Cecabank
* Ibercaja Banco
* Kutxabank
* Unicaja Banco

Sweden|

* Handelsbanken
* SEB
* Swedbank

United
Kingdom|

* Barclays
* Citibank Europe (USA)
* HSBC Bank
* JPMorgan Chase Bank, London Branch (USA)
* Lloyds Bank
* MUFG Bank (JPN)
* NatWest
* Wells Fargo (USA)

Authority control databases

International|

* ISNI
* VIAF

National|

* Germany
* United States
* France
* BnF data
* Australia
* Israel

Academics|

* CiNii

Other|

* Yale LUX

*[v]: View this template
*[t]: Discuss this template
*[e]: Edit this template