Baraita

Teachings "outside" of the six orders of the Mishnah

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Rabbinic literature

Talmud Readers by Adolf Behrman

Talmudic literature
|  Tannaitic

* Mishnah
* Tosefta

Amoraic (Gemara)

* Jerusalem Talmud
* Babylonian Talmud

Later

* Minor Tractates

Halakhic Midrash
|  Exodus

* Mekhilta of Rabbi Ishmael
* Mekhilta of Rabbi Shimon bar Yochai

Leviticus

* Sifra (Torat Kohanim)

Numbers and Deuteronomy

* Sifre
* Sifrei Zutta on Numbers
* (Mekhilta le-Sefer Devarim)

Aggadic Midrash
|  Tannaitic

* Seder Olam Rabbah
* Alphabet of Rabbi Akiva
* Baraita of the Forty-nine Rules
* Baraita on the Thirty-two Rules
* Baraita on the Erection of the Tabernacle

400–600 CE

* Genesis Rabbah
* Lamentations Rabbah
* Pesikta de-Rav Kahana
* Esther Rabbah
* Midrash Iyyob
* Leviticus Rabbah
* Seder Olam Zutta
* Tanhuma
* Megillat Antiochus

650–900 CE

* Avot de-Rabbi Natan
* Pirkei De-Rabbi Eliezer
* Tanna Devei Eliyahu
* Alphabet of Sirach
* Ecclesiastes Rabbah
* Shir HaShirim Rabbah
* Deuteronomy Rabbah
* Devarim Zutta
* Pesikta Rabbati
* Midrash Shmuel
* Midrash Proverbs
* Ruth Rabbah
* Baraita of Samuel
* Targum Sheni

900–1000 CE

* Ruth Zuta
* Eichah Zuta
* Midrash Tehillim
* Midrash Hashkem
* Exodus Rabbah
* Shir ha-Shirim Zutta
* Iggeret of Rabbi Sherira Gaon

1000–1200 CE

* Midrash Tadshe
* Sefer haYashar

Later

* Yalkut Shimoni
* Yalkut haMachiri
* Midrash Jonah
* Ein Yaakov
* Midrash HaGadol
* Numbers Rabbah
* Smaller midrashim

Targum
|  Torah

* Targum Onkelos
* Targum Pseudo-Jonathan
* Fragment Targum
* Targum Neofiti

Nevi'im

* Targum Jonathan

Ketuvim

* Targum Tehillim
* Targum Mishlei
* Targum Iyyov
* Targum to the Five Megillot
* Targum Sheni to Esther
* Targum to Chronicles

* v
* t
* e

Baraita (Jewish Babylonian Aramaic: בָּרַיְתָא, romanized: bārayṯā "external" or "outside"; pl. bārayāṯā or in Hebrew baraitot; also baraitha, beraita; Ashkenazi pronunciation: berayse) designates a tradition in the Oral Torah of Rabbinical Judaism that is not incorporated in the Mishnah. Baraita thus refers to teachings "outside" of the six orders of the Mishnah. Originally, "Baraita" probably referred to teachings from schools outside the main Mishnaic-era yeshivas – although in later collections, individual barayata are often authored by sages of the Mishna (Tannaim).

According to Maimonides' Introduction to Mishneh Torah, the barayata were compiled by Hoshaiah Rabbah and Bar Kappara, although no other compilation was passed down that was similar to the Tosefta.[1]

Because the Mishnah encapsulates the entire Oral Law in a purposely compact form (designed to both facilitate and necessitate oral transmission), many variant versions, additional explanations, clarifications and rulings were not included in the Mishnah. These were later compiled in works called barayata, often in the form of a list of teachings by one sage. Barayata can thus also designate collections of such traditions. The main collections of barayata are the Tosefta and the Halakhic Midrashim (Mekhilta, Sifra and Sifre).

The authority of the barayata is somewhat less than that of the Mishnah. Nevertheless, these works are the basic "proof-text" cross-referenced by the Talmudic sages in their analysis and interpretation of the Mishna; see Gemara. Here, a teaching from the baraita is usually introduced by the Aramaic word tanya "It was orally taught" or by tanu rabanan "Our Rabbis have orally taught", whereas tnan "We have orally taught" introduces quotations from the Mishnah. Anonymous barayata are often attributed to particular tannaim by the Talmud. In the Jerusalem Talmud, references to the baraita are less common.

The style of the baraita is basically indistinguishable from that of the Mishna, but some come closer to Mishnaic idiom than others. For example, the second chapter of Kallah Rabbathi, a baraita compilation, is often appended to Pirkei Avot, as both are similar in style and content.

## See also

[edit]

* Gemara
* Midrash
* Talmud

## References

[edit]

1. ^ Maimonides. "verse 18, Introduction to Mishneh Torah". sefaria.org. Retrieved 2019-09-22.

* Baraita, jewishencyclopedia.com
* Maimonides Introduction to the Mishneh Torah (English translation)
* Tosefta and Baraita (Hebrew), Maimonides, Introduction to the Commentary on the Mishna
* The Oral Tradition by Aryeh Kaplan

## External links

[edit]

* Brief General Introduction to the Babylonian Talmud

Authority control databases: National |

* Israel

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