Barnabas

Early Christian disciple and bishop

"Barnabus", "Saint Barnabas", and "San Bernabé" redirect here. For other uses, see Barnabus (disambiguation), Saint Barnabas (disambiguation), and Barnabas (disambiguation). For the Monterrey Metro station, see San Bernabé metro station.

Not to be confused with Barabbas, Barrabas, or Barsabbas.

Saint

Barnabas

Apostle and Bishop of Milan

Detail from San Barnaba Altarpiece [Wikidata] by Sandro Botticelli, c. 1490

Church| Early Church
Metropolis| Milan and Cyprus
See| Milan and Cyprus
Successor| St. Anathalon of Milan
Personal details
Born|

Salamis, Roman Cyprus

Died| Salamis, Roman Cyprus
Alma mater| School of Gamaliel
Sainthood
Feast day| 11 June
Venerated in|

* Catholic Church
* Eastern Orthodox Church
* Oriental Orthodox Churches
* Anglican Communion
* Lutheran Church

Canonized| Pre-Congregation
Attributes| Red Martyr, Pilgrim's staff; olive branch; holding the Gospel of Matthew
Patronage| Cyprus, Antioch, against hailstorms, invoked as peacemaker, peacekeeping missions
Shrines| Monastery of St Barnabas in Famagusta, Cyprus

Barnabas (/ˈbɑːrnəbəs/; Ancient Greek: Βαρνάβας; Syriac: ܒܪܢܒܐ), born Joseph (Ἰωσήφ) or Joses (Ἰωσής),[1] was according to tradition an early Christian, one of the prominent Christian disciples in Jerusalem. According to Acts 4:36, Barnabas was a Cypriot Levite. Identified as an apostle in Acts 14:14,[2] he and Paul the Apostle undertook missionary journeys together and defended Gentile converts against the Judaizers. They traveled together making more converts (c. 46–48 AD), and participated in the Council of Jerusalem (c. 49 AD). Barnabas and Paul successfully evangelized among the "God-fearing" Gentiles who attended synagogues in various Hellenized cities of Anatolia.

Barnabas' story appears in the Acts of the Apostles, and Paul mentions him in some of his epistles. Tertullian named him as the author of the Epistle to the Hebrews,[3] but this and other attributions are conjecture. The Epistle of Barnabas was ascribed to him by Clement of Alexandria and others in the early church[4] and the epistle is included under his name in Codex Sinaiticus, the earliest extant manuscript of the complete New Testament.[5] A few modern scholars concur with this traditional attribution[6] but it is presently a minority view.[7]

Although the date, place, and circumstances of his death are historically unverifiable, Christian tradition holds that Barnabas was martyred at Salamis, Cyprus. He is traditionally identified as the founder of the Cypriot Orthodox Church. The feast day of Barnabas is celebrated on 11 June.

Barnabas is usually identified as the cousin of Mark the Evangelist on the basis of the term "anepsios" used in Colossians 4, which carries the connotation of "cousin". Orthodox tradition holds that Aristobulus of Britannia, one of the Seventy Disciples, was the brother of Barnabas.[8]

## Name and etymologies

[edit]

His Hellenic Jewish parents called him Joseph (although the Byzantine text-type calls him Ἰωσῆς, Iōsēs, 'Joses', a Greek variant of 'Joseph'),[1] but when recounting the story of how he sold his land and gave the money to the apostles in Jerusalem, the Book of Acts says the apostles called him Barnabas. (The "s" at the end is the Greek nominative case ending, and it is not present in the Aramaic form.) The Greek text of Acts 4:36 explains the name as υἱὸς παρακλήσεως, hyios paraklēseōs, meaning "son of encouragement" or "son of comforter". One theory is that this is from the Aramaic בר נחמה, bar neḥmā, meaning 'son (of) consolation'. Another theory derives the name from Aramaic בר נביא, bar neviyā, meaning "son of the prophet".[9][10] In the Syriac Bible, the explanation of Barnabas's name in Acts 4:36 is translated ܒܪܐ ܕܒܘܝܐܐ bara dbuya'a "son of consolation."[11]

## Biblical narrative

[edit]

Barnabas curing the sick by Paolo Veronese, Musée des Beaux-Arts de Rouen, c. 1566

Barnabas appears mainly in Acts, a history of the early Christian church. He also appears in several of Paul's epistles.

Barnabas, a native of Cyprus and a Levite, is first mentioned in the Acts of the Apostles as a member of the early Christian community in Jerusalem, who sold the land that he owned and gave the proceeds to the community.[1] When the future Paul the Apostle returned to Jerusalem after his conversion, Barnabas introduced him to the apostles. Easton, in his Bible Dictionary, supposes that they had been fellow students in the school of Gamaliel.[12]

The successful preaching of Christianity at Antioch to non-Jews led the church at Jerusalem to send Barnabas there to oversee the movement. He found the work so extensive and weighty that he went to Tarsus in search of Paul (still referred to as Saul), "an admirable colleague", to assist him. Paul returned with him to Antioch and labored with him for a whole year. At the end of this period, the two were sent up to Jerusalem (44 AD) with contributions from the church at Antioch for the relief of the poorer Christians in Judea.[13]

They returned to Antioch taking John Mark with them, the cousin or nephew of Barnabas. Later, they went to Cyprus and some of the principal cities of Pamphylia, Pisidia, and Lycaonia. After recounting what the governor of Cyprus Sergius Paulus believed, Acts 13:9[14] speaks of Barnabas's spiritual brother no longer as Saul, but as Paul, his Roman name. From that point forward, when Acts refers to the two as a pair, it generally no longer uses "Barnabas and Saul", but "Paul and Barnabas". Only in Acts 14:14[2] and Acts 15:12,25[15] does Barnabas again occupy the first place; in Acts 14:14 with reference to Barnabas being mentioned first two verses earlier in Acts 14:12,[16] and in Acts 15:12,25, because Barnabas stood in closer relation to the Jerusalem church than Paul. Paul appears as the more eloquent missionary, whence the Lystrans regarded him as Hermes and Barnabas as Zeus.[13]

Acts 14:14[2] is also the only biblical verse where Barnabas is referred to using the Greek word for Apostle.[17]

Saints Paul and Barnabas at Lystra (Sacrifice at Lystra) by Bartholomeus Breenberg, 1637, Princeton University Art Museum

Returning from this first missionary journey to Antioch, they were again sent up to Jerusalem to consult with the church there regarding the relation of Gentiles to the church.[13] According to Galatians 2:9–10, Barnabas was included with Paul in the agreement made between them, on the one hand, and James, Peter, and John, on the other, that the two former should in the future preach to the pagans, not forgetting the poor at Jerusalem. This matter having been settled, they returned again to Antioch, bringing the agreement of the council that Gentiles were to be admitted into the church without having to adopt Jewish practices.

After Paul and Barnabas returned from the Jerusalem council to Antioch, Peter also came to Antioch. Peter associated freely with the Gentiles there, including eating with them, until he was criticized for this by some disciples of James, as doing so was contrary to Mosaic law. Peter then refused to eat any longer with the Gentiles, apparently through fear of displeasing these disciples, and Barnabas followed his example. Paul then stated that Peter and Barnabas "walked not uprightly according to the truth of the gospel" (Galatians 2:14) and upbraided them before the whole church.[18] In Galatians 2:11–13,[19] Paul says, "And when Kephas [Peter] came to Antioch, I opposed him to his face because he clearly was wrong. For, until some people came from James, he used to eat with the Gentiles; but when they came, he began to draw back and separated himself, because he was afraid of the circumcised. And the rest of the Jews (also) acted hypocritically along with him, with the result that even Barnabas was carried away by their hypocrisy."

Paul then asked Barnabas to accompany him on another journey. Barnabas wished to take John Mark along, but Paul did not, as John Mark had left them on the earlier journey. The dispute ended by Paul and Barnabas taking separate routes. Paul took Silas as his companion, and journeyed through Syria and Cilicia; while Barnabas took John Mark to visit Cyprus.[18]

Little is known of the subsequent career of Barnabas. He was still living and labouring as an Apostle in 56 or 57 AD, when Paul wrote 1 Corinthians (1 Corinthians 9:5–6), in which it is stated that he, too, like Paul, earned his own living. The reference indicates also that the friendship between the two was unimpaired. A few years later, when Paul was a prisoner in Rome (61–63 AD), John Mark was attached to him as a disciple, which is regarded as an indication that Barnabas was no longer living (Colossians 4:10).[18]

## Barnabas and Antioch

[edit]

Antioch, the third-most important city of the Roman Empire after Rome and Alexandria,[20] then the capital city of Syria province, today Antakya, Turkey, was where Christians were first called thus.[21]

Some of those who had been scattered by the persecution that arose because of Stephen went to Antioch, which became the site of an early Christian community.[22] A considerable minority of the Antioch church of Barnabas's time belonged to the merchant class, and they provided support to the poorer Jerusalem church.[23]

## Martyrdom

[edit]

Saint

Barnabas

Saint Barnabas or Saint Matthew, attrib. Juan Martín Cabezalero, c. 1640

Apostle, Disciple, Preacher, and Martyr
Born| 1st century AD
Salamis, Roman Cyprus
Died| Salamis, Roman Cyprus
Venerated in| Catholic Church, Eastern Orthodox Churches, Oriental Orthodox Churches, Anglican Communion, Lutheran Church
Canonized| Pre-Congregation
Major shrine| Monastery of St Barnabas in Famagusta, Cyprus
Feast| June 11
Attributes| Red Martyr, Pilgrim's staff; olive branch; holding the Gospel of Matthew
Patronage| Cyprus, Antioch, against hailstorms, invoked as peacemaker

Main article: Christian martyrs

Church tradition developed outside of the canon of the New Testament describes the martyrdom of many saints, including the legend of the martyrdom of Barnabas.[24] It relates that certain Jews coming to Syria and Salamis, where Barnabas was then preaching the gospel, being highly exasperated at his extraordinary success, fell upon him as he was disputing in the synagogue, dragged him out, and stoned him to death. His kinsman, John Mark, privately interred his body.[25]

Although it is believed he was martyred by being stoned, the apocryphal Acts of Barnabas states that he was bound with a rope by the neck, and then being dragged only to the site where he would be burned to death.[citation needed]

According to the History of the Cyprus Church,[26] in 478 Barnabas appeared in a dream to the Archbishop Anthemios of Cyprus and revealed to him the place of his sepulchre beneath a carob-tree. The following day Anthemios found the tomb and inside it the remains of Barnabas with a manuscript of Matthew's Gospel on his breast. Anthemios presented the Gospel to Emperor Zeno at Constantinople and received from him the privileges of the Greek Orthodox Church of Cyprus, that is, the purple cloak which the Greek Archbishop of Cyprus wears at festivals of the church, the imperial sceptre and the red ink with which he affixes his signature.[citation needed]

Anthemios then placed the venerable remains of Barnabas in a church which he founded near the tomb. Excavations near the site of a present-day church and monastery, have revealed an early church with two empty tombs, believed to be that of St. Barnabas and Anthemios.[27]

St. Barnabas is venerated as the patron saint of Cyprus. He is also considered a patron saint in many other places in the world, including Milan in Italy. On the island of Tenerife (Spain), St. Barnabas was invoked in historical times as patron saint and protector of the island's fields against drought, together with St. Benedict of Nursia.[28]

Barnabas the Apostle is remembered in the Church of England with a festival on 11 June.[29]

## Other sources

[edit]

Although many assume that the biblical Mark the cousin of Barnabas[30] is the same as John Mark[31] and Mark the Evangelist, the traditionally believed author of the Gospel of Mark, they are listed as three distinct people in Pseudo-Hippolytus' On the Seventy Apostles of Christ, which includes Barnabas himself as one of the Seventy-Two Disciples.[32] There are two people named Barnabas among Hippolytus' list of Seventy Disciples, One (#13) became the bishop of Milan, the other (#25) the bishop of Heraclea. Most likely one of these two is the biblical Barnabas; the first one is more likely, because the numbering by Hippolytus seems to indicate a level of significance, and Barnabas is traditionally credited with founding the See of Milan. Clement of Alexandria[33] also makes Barnabas one of the Seventy Disciples that are mentioned in the Gospel of Luke.[34]

Other sources bring Barnabas to Rome and Alexandria. In the "Clementine Recognitions" (i, 7) he is depicted as preaching in Rome even during Christ's lifetime.

Cypriots developed the tradition of his later activity and martyrdom no earlier than the 3rd century. The question whether Barnabas was an apostle was often discussed during the Middle Ages.[35]

## Alleged writings

[edit]

Tertullian and other Western writers regard Barnabas as the author of the Letter to the Hebrews. This may have been the Roman tradition—which Tertullian usually follows—and it may have been in Rome that the epistle had its first readers. Modern biblical scholarship considers its authorship unknown, though Barnabas is one of those who has been proposed as a possible author.[36]

"Photius of the ninth century, refers to some in his day who were uncertain whether the Acts was written by Clement of Rome, Barnabas, or Luke. Yet Photius is certain that the work must be ascribed to Luke."[37]

He is also traditionally associated with the Epistle of Barnabas, although some modern scholars think it more likely that the epistle was written in Alexandria in the 130s.

The 5th century Decretum Gelasianum includes a Gospel of Barnabas amongst works condemned as apocryphal; but no certain text or quotation from this work has been identified.

Another book using that same title, the Gospel of Barnabas, survives in two post-medieval manuscripts in Italian from the 16th century and Spanish from the 17th century as well as a manuscript in Aramaic found in a cave in Turkey during the anti-smuggling operation and the manuscript was examined by experts to be at least 1,500 years old.[38][39] Contrary to the canonical Christian Gospels, and in accordance with the Islamic view of Jesus, this later Gospel of Barnabas states that Jesus was not God or the son of God, but a prophet and messenger and that he was not killed or crucified but that Judas Iscariot by God’s miracle was transformed to look like Jesus and was crucified in his place as a divine punishment from God for his betrayal of Jesus and describes Paul as a false prophet who was deceived and deceived others into making others believe that the law was abrogated, permitting every unclean meat, abrogating circumcision laws and deifying Jesus. It also states that Jesus explicitly gave the good news of Prophet Muhammad to come after him by name.

## The Barnabites

[edit]

In 1538, the Catholic religious order officially known as "Clerics Regular of St. Paul" (Clerici Regulares Sancti Pauli), acquired as their main seat the monastery of Saint Barnabas by the city wall of Milan. The Order was thenceforth known by the popular name of Barnabites.[40]

## See also

[edit]

* Catholic Church in Cyprus
* Lectionary 214 – apocryphal Apodemia of Barnabas
* List of early Christian saints
* Saint Barnabas, patron saint archive

## Notes

[edit]

1. ^ a b c Singer, Isidore; et al., eds. (1901–1906). "Barnabas, Joses". The Jewish Encyclopedia. New York: Funk & Wagnalls.
2. ^ a b c Acts 14:14
3. ^ Tertullian, De Pudicitia (On Modesty), 20.2
4. ^ Origen (Contra Celsum, 1.63; De Principii, 3.2.4), Serapion of Thmuis (Concerning Father and Son), Didymus the Blind (Commentary on Zechariah), Jerome (Lives of Illustrious Men, 6), et al.
5. ^ GA 01 (א), London: Sinaiticus, library BL, folio 334. Dated to c. 340 AD. [1]
6. ^ J.B. Burger, "L'Enigme de Barnabas," 180-193; and Simon Tugwell [Wikidata], The Apostolic Fathers, 44; cf. Lardner, Wake, Pearson, Gieseler, et al.
7. ^ Joseph Tixeront, Handbook of Patrology: First Period, Section I: The Apostolic Fathers
8. ^ "Apostle Aristobulus of the Seventy the Bishop of Britain". Calendar of Saints. Orthodox Church in America. Archived from the original on 2012-04-04. Retrieved 2020-06-23.
9. ^ Stern 1992, p. 235–236.
10. ^ "Barnabas". BibleHub. Archived from the original on 2019-03-06. Retrieved 2019-03-06. Gives Thayer's Greek Lexicon and Strong's Exhaustive Concordance of the Bible.
11. ^ "Acts 4". BibleHub. Archived from the original on 2019-03-06. Retrieved 2019-03-06.
12. ^ "Barnabas". eastonsbibledictionary.org. Archived from the original on 2016-03-16. Retrieved 2018-03-21.
13. ^ a b c ""Saint Barnabas", Saint of the Day, Franciscan Media". Archived from the original on 2021-09-27. Retrieved 2021-09-27.
14. ^ Acts 13:9
15. ^ Acts 15:12–25
16. ^ Acts 14:12
17. ^ "Acts 14 with the Greek-English intelrinear text". Archived from the original on July 9, 2021. Retrieved July 8, 2021.
18. ^ a b c One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Fenlon, John Francis (1907). "St. Barnabas". In Herbermann, Charles (ed.). Catholic Encyclopedia. Vol. 2\. New York: Robert Appleton Company.
19. ^ Galatians 2:11–13
20. ^ Cross & Livingstone 2005, p. 78, Antioch.
21. ^ Acts 11:26
22. ^ Arbez 1907.
23. ^ Durant 1944, p. 583.
24. ^ Cross & Livingstone 2005, p. 160, Barnabas.
25. ^ Fleetwood 1874, p. 600.
26. ^ Church of Cyprus, History of Cyprus Church, The Autocephaly of the Cyprus Church churchofcyprus.org Archived 2011-07-23 at the Wayback Machine
27. ^ Cyprus Commemorative Stamp issue: 1900th Death Anniversary of Apostle Barnabas, philatelism.com Archived 2012-11-28 at the Wayback Machine
28. ^ "San Benito, patrón por sorteo de los frutos y ganados de Tenerife desde 1535. Por Carlos Rodríguez Morales (y III)". 29 June 2018.
29. ^ "The Calendar". The Church of England. Archived from the original on 2021-03-09. Retrieved 2021-03-27.
30. ^ Colossians 4:10
31. ^ Acts 12:12, 25; 13:5, 13; 15:37
32. ^ Ante-Nicean Fathers, ed. Alexander Roberts, James Donaldson and A. Cleaveland Coxe, vol. 5 (Peabody MA: Hendrickson Publishers, 1999), 255–6
33. ^ Stromata, ii, 20
34. ^ 10:1ff
35. ^ Compare C. J. Hefele, Das Sendschreiben des Apostels Barnabas, Tübingen, 1840; Otto Braunsberger, "Der Apostel Barnabas," Mainz, 1876.
36. ^ Mitchell, Alan C. Hebrews (Liturgical Press, 2007) p. 6.
37. ^ Commentary on the Acts Archived 2014-06-18 at the Wayback Machine Edwin Wilbur Rice, 1900, p.7. Adolf Harnack mistakenly wrote that Photius believed Barnabas was the author in the 1908 Schaff-Herzog Encyclopedia of Religious Knowledge, Volume 1, p. 487
38. ^ Compare T. Zahn, Geschichte des neutestamentlichen Kanons, ii, 292, Leipsig, 1890.
39. ^ "Vatican requests to see 1,500 year-old Bible from Turkey". Daily Sabah. 2012-02-27. Retrieved 2025-06-09.
40. ^ Zöckler, O. (1908). "Barnabites". In Jackson, Samuel Macauley (ed.). New Schaff–Herzog Encyclopedia of Religious Knowledge. Vol. 1 (third ed.). London and New York: Funk and Wagnalls.

## References

[edit]

* Arbez, Edward Philip (1907). "Antioch" . In Herbermann, Charles (ed.). Catholic Encyclopedia. Vol. 1\. New York: Robert Appleton Company.
* Attwater, Donald and Catherine Rachel John. "The Penguin Dictionary of Saints," 3rd edition, New York: Penguin Books, 1993. ISBN 0-14-051312-4
* Cross, Frank Leslie; Livingstone, Elizabeth A. (2005). The Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-280290-3. Archived from the original on 2019-05-15. Retrieved 2020-06-12.
* Durant, Will (1944). Caesar and Christ: The Story of Civilization. Vol. III. Simon and Schuster.
* Fleetwood, John (1874). The Life of Our Blessed Lord and Savior Jesus Christ: And the Lives and Sufferings of His Holy Apostles and Evangelists. Garretson. Archived from the original on 2020-06-12. Retrieved 2020-06-12.
* Harnack, A. (1908). "Barnabas". In Jackson, Samuel Macauley (ed.). New Schaff–Herzog Encyclopedia of Religious Knowledge. Vol. 1 (third ed.). London and New York: Funk and Wagnalls.
* Stern, David H. (1992). Jewish New Testament Commentary: A Companion Volume to the Jewish New Testament. Jewish New Testament Publications. ISBN 978-965-359-011-3. Archived from the original on 2020-06-13. Retrieved 2020-06-12.

Attribution

* This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Fenlon, John Francis (1907). "St. Barnabas". In Herbermann, Charles (ed.). Catholic Encyclopedia. Vol. 2\. New York: Robert Appleton Company.

## Further reading

[edit]

* Die Apostolischen Väter. Griechisch-deutsche Parallelausgabe. J.C.B. Mohr Tübingen 1992. ISBN 3-16-145887-7
* Der Barnabasbrief. Übersetzt und erklärt von Ferdinand R. Prostmeier. Series: Kommentar zu den Apostolischen Vätern (KAV, Vol. 8). Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht: Göttingen 1999. ISBN 3-525-51683-5
* Ladeuze, Paulin (1907). "Epistle of Barnabas" . In Herbermann, Charles (ed.). Catholic Encyclopedia. Vol. 2\. New York: Robert Appleton Company.
* Bartlet, James Vernon (1911). "Barnabas" . In Chisholm, Hugh (ed.). Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 3 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.
* Ragg, Lonsdale; Ragg, Laura (1907). The Gospel of Barnabas. Oxford: Clarendon Press. Archived from the original on 2012-01-26. Retrieved 2019-08-23.

## External links

[edit]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Saint Barnabas.

* The Epistle of Barnabas
* St. Barnabas the Apostle
* St Barnabas Monastery and Icon Museum, Famagusta, Cyprus
* St. Barnabas at the Christian Iconography web site.
* The Life of St. Barnabas the Apostle in Caxton's translation of the Golden Legend

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Acts|

* Agrippa
* Agrippa II
* Berenice
* Cornelius
* Drusilla
* Felix
* Festus
* Gallio
* Lysias
* Paullus

Epistles|

* Achaicus
* Alexander of Ephesus
* Alexander the Coppersmith
* Andronicus
* Archippus
* Aretas IV
* Artemas
* Carpus
* Claudia
* Crescens
* Demas
* Diotrephes
* Epaphras
* Epaphroditus
* Erastus
* Eunice
* Euodia and Syntyche
* Herodion
* Hymenaeus
* Jesus Justus
* Junia
* Linus
* Lois
* Mary
* Michael
* Nymphas
* Olympas
* Onesimus
* Onesiphorus
* Pudens
* Philemon
* Philetus
* Phoebe
* Quartus
* Sosipater
* Tertius
* Tryphena and Tryphosa

Revelation|

* Antipas
* Four Horsemen
* Apollyon
* Two witnesses
* Woman
* Beast
* Three Angels
* Whore of Babylon

* v
* t
* e

Twelve Apostles of Jesus

Apostles|

* Andrew
* Bartholomew
* Nathanael
* James, son of Alphaeus
* the Less
* James, son of Zebedee
* John
* Beloved
* Evangelist
* Patmos
* Judas Iscariot
* Jude Thaddaeus
* Matthew
* Philip
* Simon Peter
* Simon the Zealot
* Thomas

Later|

* Seventy disciples
* Matthias
* James, brother of Jesus
* Paul
* conversion
* Barnabas

Related|

* Commissioning of the Twelve
* calling of the disciples
* calling of Matthew
* Mission Discourse
* coming persecutions
* Holy Kinship
* Last Supper
* Farewell Discourse
* Great Commission
* Apostolic Age
* Apostolic see
* Acts of the Apostles
* Pentecost
* Holy Spirit
* Dispersion
* Pauline epistles
* Relics and burial sites
* Apostolic succession
* Apostles' Creed
* Early Christianity

* v
* t
* e

Saints of the Catholic Church

Dicastery for the Causes of Saints
Stages of canonization: Servant of God →  Venerable →  Blessed →  Saint

Virgin Mary|

* Mother of God (Theotokos)
* Immaculate Conception
* Perpetual virginity
* Assumption
* Marian apparition
* Titles of Mary
* Joseph (husband)

Apostles|

* Andrew
* Barnabas
* Bartholomew
* James of Alphaeus
* James the Great
* John
* Jude
* Matthew
* Matthias
* Paul
* Peter
* Philip
* Simon
* Thomas

Archangels|

* Gabriel
* Michael in the Catholic Church
* Raphael

Confessors|

* Anatolius
* Anthony of Kiev
* Athanasius the Confessor
* Chariton the Confessor
* Dominic
* Edward the Confessor
* Francis of Assisi
* Francis Borgia
* Homobonus
* John Henry Newman
* Lazarus Zographos
* Louis Bertrand
* Martin de Porres
* Martin of Tours
* Maximus the Confessor
* Michael of Synnada
* Paphnutius the Confessor
* Paul I of Constantinople
* Peter Claver
* Salonius
* Sergius of Radonezh
* Theophanes the Confessor
* Pio of Pietrelcina

Disciples|

* Apollos
* Mary of Bethany
* Mary Magdalene
* Priscilla and Aquila
* Silvanus
* Stephen
* Timothy
* Titus
* Seventy disciples

Doctors of the Church|

* Gregory the Great
* Ambrose
* Augustine of Hippo
* Jerome
* John Chrysostom
* Basil of Caesarea
* Gregory of Nazianzus
* Athanasius of Alexandria
* Cyril of Alexandria
* Cyril of Jerusalem
* John of Damascus
* Bede the Venerable
* Ephrem the Syrian
* Thomas Aquinas
* Bonaventure
* Anselm of Canterbury
* Isidore of Seville
* Peter Chrysologus
* Leo the Great
* Peter Damian
* Bernard of Clairvaux
* Hilary of Poitiers
* Alphonsus Liguori
* Francis de Sales
* Peter Canisius
* John of the Cross
* Robert Bellarmine
* Albertus Magnus
* Anthony of Padua
* Lawrence of Brindisi
* Teresa of Ávila
* Catherine of Siena
* Thérèse of Lisieux
* John of Ávila
* Hildegard of Bingen
* Gregory of Narek
* Irenaeus
* John Henry Newman

Evangelists|

* Matthew
* Mark
* Luke
* John

Church
Fathers|

* Alexander of Alexandria
* Alexander of Jerusalem
* Ambrose of Milan
* Anatolius
* Athanasius of Alexandria
* Augustine of Hippo
* Caesarius of Arles
* Caius
* Cappadocian Fathers
* Clement of Alexandria
* Clement of Rome
* Cyprian of Carthage
* Cyril of Alexandria
* Cyril of Jerusalem
* Damasus I
* Desert Fathers
* Desert Mothers
* Dionysius of Alexandria
* Dionysius of Corinth
* Dionysius
* Ephrem the Syrian
* Epiphanius of Salamis
* Fulgentius of Ruspe
* Gregory the Great
* Gregory of Nazianzus
* Gregory of Nyssa
* Hilary of Poitiers
* Hippolytus of Rome
* Ignatius of Antioch
* Irenaeus of Lyons
* Isidore of Seville
* Jerome of Stridonium
* John Chrysostom
* John of Damascus
* Maximus the Confessor
* Melito of Sardis
* Quadratus of Athens
* Papias of Hierapolis
* Peter Chrysologus
* Polycarp of Smyrna
* Theophilus of Antioch
* Victorinus of Pettau
* Vincent of Lérins
* Zephyrinus

Martyrs|

* Abda and Abdisho
* Boris and Gleb
* Charles de Foucauld
* Canadian Martyrs
* Carthusian Martyrs
* Child Martyrs of Tlaxcala
* Christina of Persia
* Dominguito del Val
* Devasahayam Pillai
* Dismas the Good Thief
* Forty Martyrs of England and Wales
* Four Crowned Martyrs
* Gerard of Csanád
* Great Martyr
* The Holy Innocents
* Irish Martyrs
* John Fisher
* Korean Martyrs
* Lorenzo Ruiz
* Martyrs of Lübeck
* Luigi Versiglia
* Martyrology
* Martyrs of Albania
* Martyrs of Algeria
* Martyrs of Cajonos
* Martyrs of Compiègne
* Martyrs of Drina
* Martyrs of China
* Martyrs of Gorkum
* Martyrs of Japan
* 21 Martyrs of Libya
* Martyrs of La Rioja
* Martyrs of Damascus
* Martyrs of Laos
* Martyrs of Natal
* Martyrs of Otranto
* Martyrs of Prague
* Martyrs of Sandomierz
* Martyrs of the Spanish Civil War
* Martyrs of Zenta
* Maximilian Kolbe
* Óscar Romero
* Pedro Calungsod
* Perpetua and Felicity
* Peter Chanel
* Pietro Parenzo
* Philomena
* Saints of the Cristero War
* Stephen
* Teresa Benedicta of the Cross
* Titus Brandsma
* 17 Thomasian Martyrs
* Thomas Becket
* Thomas More
* Three Martyrs of Chimbote
* Ulma Family
* Uganda Martyrs
* Vietnamese Martyrs
* Valentine of Rome
* Victor and Corona
* Zanitas and Lazarus of Persia

Missionaries|

* Ansgar
* Augustine of Canterbury
* Boniface
* Cyril and Methodius
* Damien of Molokai
* Evermode of Ratzeburg
* Francis Xavier
* François de Laval
* Gregory the Illuminator
* Junípero Serra
* Nino of Georgia
* Patrick of Ireland
* Remigius
* Sava of Serbia

Patriarchs|

* Adam
* Abel
* Abraham
* Isaac
* Jacob
* Joseph
* Joseph (father of Jesus)
* David
* Noah
* Solomon
* Matriarchs

Popes|

* Adeodatus I
* Adeodatus II
* Adrian III
* Agapetus I
* Agatho
* Alexander I
* Anacletus
* Anastasius I
* Anicetus
* Anterus
* Benedict II
* Boniface I
* Boniface IV
* Caius
* Callixtus I
* Celestine I
* Celestine V
* Clement I
* Cornelius
* Damasus I
* Dionysius
* Eleuterus
* Eugene I
* Eusebius
* Eutychian
* Evaristus
* Fabian
* Felix I
* Felix III
* Felix IV
* Gelasius I
* Gregory I
* Gregory II
* Gregory III
* Gregory VII
* Hilarius
* Hormisdas
* Hyginus
* Innocent I
* John I
* John XXIII
* John Paul II
* Julius I
* Leo I
* Leo II
* Leo III
* Leo IV
* Leo IX
* Linus
* Lucius I
* Marcellinus
* Marcellus I
* Mark
* Martin I
* Miltiades
* Nicholas I
* Paschal I
* Paul I
* Paul VI
* Peter
* Pius I
* Pius V
* Pius X
* Pontian
* Sergius I
* Silverius
* Simplicius
* Siricius
* Sixtus I
* Sixtus II
* Sixtus III
* Soter
* Stephen I
* Stephen IV
* Sylvester I
* Symmachus
* Telesphorus
* Urban I
* Victor I
* Vitalian
* Zachary
* Zephyrinus
* Zosimus

Prophets|

* Agabus
* Amos
* Anna
* Baruch ben Neriah
* David
* Elijah
* Ezekiel
* Habakkuk
* Haggai
* Hosea
* Isaiah
* Jeremiah
* Job
* Joel
* John the Baptist
* Jonah
* Judas Barsabbas
* Malachi
* Melchizedek
* Micah
* Moses
* Nahum
* Obadiah
* Samuel
* Seven Maccabees and their mother
* Simeon
* Zechariah (prophet)
* Zechariah (NT)
* Zephaniah

Virgins|

* Agatha of Sicily
* Agnes of Rome
* Angela of the Cross
* Æthelthryth
* Bernadette Soubirous
* Catherine of Bologna
* Brigid of Kildare
* Catherine Labouré
* Catherine of Siena
* Cecilia
* Clare of Assisi
* Eulalia of Mérida
* Euphemia
* Faustina Kowalska
* Faustina and Liberata of Como
* Genevieve
* Hiltrude of Liessies
* Joan of Arc
* Josephine Bakhita
* Kateri Tekakwitha
* Lucy of Syracuse
* Maria Goretti
* María de las Maravillas de Jesús
* Narcisa de Jesús
* Patricia of Naples
* Rosalia
* Rose of Lima
* Teresa of the Andes
* Teresa of Calcutta
* Trasilla and Emiliana
* Ubaldesca Taccini

See also|

* Calendar of saints
* Four Holy Marshals
* Fourteen Holy Helpers
* Martyr of charity
* Military saints
* Athleta Christi
* Miles Christianus
* Church Militant
* Seven Champions
* Venerated couples
* Virtuous pagan

* Catholic Church portal
* Saints portal

* v
* t
* e

Bishops and Archbishops of Milan

Ancient age|

* St Barnabas (50–55)
* St Anathalon (53–63)
* St Caius (63–85)
* sede vacante
* St Castricianus (97–138)
* St Calimerius (138–191)
* sede vacante
* St Monas (283–313?)
* St Mirocles (313–316?)
* St Maternus (316–328?)
* St Protasius (328–343?)
* St Eustorgius I (343–349?)
* St Dionysius (349–355)
* Auxentius$ (355–374)
* St Ambrose (374–397)
* St Simplician (397–400)
* St Venerius (400–408)
* St Marolus (408–423)
* St Martinianus (423–435)
* St Glycerius (436–438)
* St Lazarus (438–449)
* St Eusebius (449–462)
* St Gerontius (462–465)
* St Benignus (465–472)
* St Senator (472–475)
* St Theodorus I (475–490)
* St Lawrence I (490–512)
* St Eustorgius II (512–518)
* St Magnus (518–530?)
* St Dacius (530–552)
* Vitale (552–556)
* St Ausanus (556–559?)

Genoa period|

* St Honoratus (560–571?)
* Frontone (571–573?)
* Lawrence II (573–592)
* Constantius (593–600)
* Deodatus (601–628)
* Asterius (629–639)
* Forte (639–641)

Middle Ages|

* St John the Good (641–669)
* St Antonino (669–671)
* St Maurilio (671)
* St Ampelius (671–676)
* St Mansuetus (676–685)
* St Benedict (685–732)
* Theodorus II (732–746)
* St Natalis (746–747)
* Arifred (747–748)
* Stabile (748–750)
* Leto (751–755)
* Thomas (755–783)
* Peter (784–803)
* Odelpert (803–813)
* St Anselm I (813–818)
* St Buono (818–822)
* Angilbert I (822–823)
* Angilbert II Pusterla (824–859)
* Tadone (860–868)
* Anspert (868–881)
* Anselmo II Capra (882–896)
* Landulf I (896–899)
* Andrea of Canciano (899–906)
* Aicone (906–918)
* Gariberto of Besana (918–921)
* Lambert (921–931)
* Elduin (931–936)
* Arderico (936–948)
* Adelman (948–953)
* Walpert (953–970)
* Arnulf I (970–974)
* Gotofredo I (974–979)
* Landulf II of Carcano (980–998)
* Arnolfo II da Arsago (998–1018)
* Ariberto da Intimiano (1018–1045)
* Guido da Velate (1045–1069)
* Attone (1070–1075)
* Gotofredo II da Castiglione (1070–1075, antibishop)
* Tebald da Castiglione (1075–1080)
* Anselmo III da Rho (1086–1093)
* Arnolfo III (1093–1097)
* Anselmo IV da Bovisio (1097–1101)
* Grosolanus (1102–1112)
* Giordano da Clivio (1112–1120)
* Ulrich da Corte (1120–1126)
* Anselmo della Pusterla (1126–1135)
* Robaldo (1135–1145)
* Umberto I da Pirovano (1146–1166)
* St Galdino della Sala (1166–1176)
* Algisio da Pirovano (1176–1185)
* Umberto II Crivelli (1185–1187, elected Pope Urban III)
* Milone da Cardano (1187–1195)
* Umberto III da Terzago (1195–1196)
* Filippo I da Lampugnano (1196–1206)
* Umberto IV da Pirovano (1206–1211)
* Gerardo da Sesso (1211, elect)
* Enrico I da Settala (1213–1230)
* Guglielmo I da Rizolio (1230–1241)
* Leon da Perego (1241–1257)
* Ottone Visconti (1262–1295)
* Ruffino da Frisseto (1295–1296)
* Francesco I da Parma (1296–1308)
* Cassone della Torre (1308–1317)
* Aicardo da Intimiano (1317–1339)
* Giovanni II Visconti (1342–1354)
* Roberto Visconti (1354–1361)
* Guglielmo II della Pusterla (1361–1370)
* Simon da Borsano (1370–1380)
* Antonio de' Saluzzi (1380–1401)
* Pietro II di Candia (1402–1410)
* Francesco II Crippa (1409–1414)
* Bartolommeo Capra (1414–1433)
* Francesco III Piccolpasso (1433–1443)
* Enrico II Rampini (1443–1450)
* Giovanni III Visconti (1450–1453)
* Nicolò Amidano (1453–1454)
* Timoteo Maffei (1454)
* Gabriele Sforza (1454–1457)
* Carlo I da Forlì (1457–1461)
* Stefano Nardini (1461–1484)
* Giovanni Arcimboldi (1484–1488)
* Guido Antonio Arcimboldi (1488–1497)
* Ottaviano Arcimboldi (1497)
* Ippolito d'Este (1497–1520)
* Ippolito II d'Este (1520–1550)
* Giovan Angelo Arcimboldi (1550–1555)
* Filippo II Archinto (1556–1558)
* sede vacante

Modern age|

* St. Carlo Borromeo (1564–1584)
* Gaspare Visconti (1584–1595)
* Federico I Borromeo (1595–1631)
* Cesare Monti (1632–1650)
* Alfonso Litta (1652–1679)
* Federico II Visconti (1681–1693)
* Federico III Caccia (1693–1699)
* Giuseppe Archinto (1699–1712)
* Benedetto II Erba Odescalchi (1712–1737)
* Carlo Gaetano Stampa (1737–1742)
* Giuseppe II Pozzobonelli (1743–1783)
* Filippo Maria Visconti (1784–1801)
* Giovanni Battista Caprara (1802–1810)
* sede vacante
* Carlo Gaetano Gaisruck (1818–1846)
* Bartolomeo Carlo Romilli (1847–1859)
* Paolo Angelo Ballerini (1859–1867)
* Luigi Nazari di Calabiana (1867–1893)
* Bl. Andrea Ferrari (1894–1921)
* Ambrogio Damiano Achille Ratti (1921–1922, elected Pope Pius XI)
* Eugenio Tosi (1922–1929)
* Bl. Ildefonso Schuster (1929–1954)
* St. Giovanni Battista Montini (1954–1963, elected Pope Paul VI)
* Giovanni Colombo (1963–1979)
* Carlo Maria Martini, SJ (1979–2002)
* Dionigi Tettamanzi (2002–2011)
* Angelo Scola (2011–2017)
* Mario Delpini (2017–present)

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