Barth, Germany

Town in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Germany

For other uses, see Barth.

Town in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Germany

Barth

Town

Coat of arms

Location of Barth within Vorpommern-Rügen district

Barth

Show map of Germany

Barth

Show map of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern

Coordinates: 54°22′N 12°43′E﻿ / ﻿54.367°N 12.717°E﻿ / 54.367; 12.717
Country| Germany
State| Mecklenburg-Vorpommern
District| Vorpommern-Rügen
Municipal assoc.| Barth
Subdivisions| 4
Government

• Mayor| Stefan Kerth (SPD)
Area

• Total

| 40.83 km2 (15.76 sq mi)
Elevation

| 2 m (7 ft)
Population

(2023-12-31)[1]

• Total

| 7,748
• Density| 190/km2 (490/sq mi)
Time zone| UTC+01:00 (CET)
• Summer (DST)| UTC+02:00 (CEST)
Postal codes|

18356

Dialling codes| 038231
Vehicle registration| NVP
Website| www.stadt-barth.de

Barth (Polish: Bardo)[2] is a town in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern in north-eastern Germany. It is situated at a lagoon (Bodden) of the Baltic Sea facing the Fischland-Darss-Zingst peninsula. Barth belongs to the district of Vorpommern-Rügen. It is close to the Western Pomerania Lagoon Area National Park. In 2011, it held a population of 8,706.[3]

## History

[edit]

### Middle Ages

[edit]

Historical view of Barth in 1618, from the Lubin map made by Eilhard Lubinus Former abbey of Barth

Barth dates back to the medieval German Ostsiedlung, before which the area was settled by Wends of the Liuticians or Rani tribe. Jaromar II, Danish prince of Rügen, granted the town Lübeck law in 1255. In the same document, he agreed to remove his burgh, Borgwall or Neue Burg, then on the northwestern edge of the town's projected limits. Another Wendish burgh, Alte Burg near today's train station, was not used anymore. The German town was set up on empty space between the burghs. Not a member of the Hanseatic League, the town never grew to the importance and size of neighboring Hanseatic towns like Stralsund. The last prince of Rügen, Vitslav III, erected a court at the site of former Neue Burg in 1315. He often resided in Barth.[4]

After Vitslav's death without an issue in 1325, his principality was inherited by Wartislaw IV of the Duchy of Pomerania, who however had to enforce his claims by two subsequent wars with Mecklenburg. During these wars, Barth was fortified with a stone and brick wall. The wars as well as contemporary and subsequent Black Death epidemics (1349, 1405 and 1451) and floods hindered Barth's growth. In 1452, Barth was besieged by Mecklenburgian troops when Wartislaw IX did not pay his debts. Hostilities between the Pomeranian dukes Eric II and Wartislaw X on one side and the Hanseatic towns of Stralsund and Greifswald, Mecklenburg and the Margraviate of Brandenburg on the other side had an additional negative impact on the town.[4]

### Protestant Reformation

[edit]

In 1533, the Protestant Reformation turned Barth into a Lutheran town. In 1572, Bogislaw XIII rebuilt the ducal court in Renaissance style, and married Clare of Brunswick-Lüneburg who was later buried in Barth. Bogislaw planned to oppose Stralsund by founding Franzburg in her hinterland, Barth was thought to function as Franzburg's port and staple place. While the plan eventually failed, Bogislaw's investments led to some slight prosperity which was only disturbed by the Black Death epidemics of 1597 and 1598.[4]

In 1627, during the Thirty Years' War, Albrecht von Wallenstein's imperial army entered Protestant Pomerania and, after they were repelled from Barth, re-took the town and exacted revenge. Before the Swedish forces entered Barth in 1630, retreating imperial troops led by Maritzen looted the town. As the war went on, some women convicted as witches were burned in the town between 1645 and 1653, three had already been burned in 1611.[4]

### Inclusion in Swedish Pomerania

[edit]

After the war, Barth became part of Swedish Pomerania. In the early Swedish period, three stormfloods (1649, 1663, and 1693), a fire in 1662, and another fire in 1678 ravaged the town; the second fire was lit by Brandenburg's von Treffenfeld during the Scanian War. During the Great Northern War, the evicted Polish king Stanislaus Leszczynski was assigned Barth's old ducal court by his friend and ally, Holy Roman Emperor Karl XII, and stayed from August 1710 until March 1711. Then, Barth was conquered by Denmark. By the end of the war, when Barth became Swedish again, less than half of the town's houses were inhabited.[5] After a fire in 1722, the number of houses was reduced to 76.[4]

The town however recovered and in 1795 the number of houses had risen to 520, housing a population of 3,150. Yet, the town did not exceed its medieval limits. The fortifications surrounding the town were turned into a park in 1786.[4]

In 1807, during the Napoleonic Wars, Barth was taken by French troops. A Swedish counterattack was repelled, and Barth was turned into a French garrison until the Swedish-French peace treaty.

### Prussian rule

[edit]

The Swedes left Barth after Swedish Pomerania was assigned to Prussia in 1815. From then on, the town was part of the Prussian Province of Pomerania.[4]

In 1850, a cholera epidemic lasted for seven weeks. In 1872, Barth was affected by a stormflood, that retreated only after ten days.[4]

During the second half of the 19th century, the town expanded beyond its medieval limits for the first time. On 1 July 1888, Barth was connected to the Rostock-Stralsund railways, in 1902 a gas plant was built, and in 1920 electricity was introduced.[4]

### World Wars

[edit]

After the First World War, the Free State of Prussia moved the Kreis headquarters from Franzburg to Barth.[4]

During World War II Barth was the site of the Stalag Luft I and Stalag Luft II German prisoner-of-war camps for captured Allied airmen, however, the latter was relocated to Łódź in occupied Poland in 1941.[6] Stalag Luft I held mostly American and British POWs.[6] The presence of the camp is said to have shielded the town from Allied bombing. On 30 April 1945, the German personnel fled the camp, and two days later it was liberated by Soviet troops.[6]

One of the largest subcamps of the Ravensbrück concentration camp was operated in Barth during World War II, in which a total of some 6,000 men and women were imprisoned, mostly Russian, Polish and Ukrainian, but also Yugoslav, French, Jewish, Italian, Croatian, Romani and others.[7] From February 1945, many exhausted prisoners were evacuated from subcamps of Ravensbrück in Karlshagen and Police to Barth, where they eventually died.[7] On 30 April 1945, the SS launched a further death march from Barth westwards, whereas some 300 severely ill and exhausted prisoners were left in Barth, and liberated on 1 May 1945.[7]

Old town and harbor of Barth seen from above (2006)

### GDR and recent history

[edit]

Kreis Franzburg-Barth was dissolved in 1952, when it was partitioned between Kreis Ribnitz-Damgarten (with Barth) and Kreis Stralsund, both belonging to the newly created district of Rostock (Bezirk Rostock).[8] With the Fall of the Iron Curtain and German reunification, an extensive renovation of the old town centre of Barth was initiated - mainly due to the urban development promotion programme of Germany. The town harbour and surrounding areas were revitalized with residential and commercial buildings. The city is a popular destination for tourists now, especially in connection with the Fischland-Darss-Zingst peninsula and the UNESCO World Heritage city of Stralsund.

In 2005, Barth celebrated 750 years of its town ordinances and privileges. Since the local government reform on September 4, 2011, Barth has belonged to the Vorpommern-Rügen district in the state of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern.

## Climate

[edit]

Barth has a moderate climate. Average temperature and precipitation between 1961 and 1990 are shown below.

Climate data for Barth (1991–2020 normals)

Month  | Jan  | Feb  | Mar  | Apr  | May  | Jun  | Jul  | Aug  | Sep  | Oct  | Nov  | Dec  | Year
Mean daily maximum °C (°F)  | 3.2
(37.8)  | 4.1
(39.4)  | 7.1
(44.8)  | 12.5
(54.5)  | 16.7
(62.1)  | 19.9
(67.8)  | 22.5
(72.5)  | 22.5
(72.5)  | 18.3
(64.9)  | 13.0
(55.4)  | 7.7
(45.9)  | 4.4
(39.9)  | 12.7
(54.9)
Daily mean °C (°F)  | 1.1
(34.0)  | 1.5
(34.7)  | 3.5
(38.3)  | 7.8
(46.0)  | 11.9
(53.4)  | 15.4
(59.7)  | 17.8
(64.0)  | 17.7
(63.9)  | 14.0
(57.2)  | 9.5
(49.1)  | 5.2
(41.4)  | 2.3
(36.1)  | 9.0
(48.2)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F)  | −1.5
(29.3)  | −1.3
(29.7)  | −0.2
(31.6)  | 2.9
(37.2)  | 6.5
(43.7)  | 10.0
(50.0)  | 12.5
(54.5)  | 12.6
(54.7)  | 9.7
(49.5)  | 5.9
(42.6)  | 2.5
(36.5)  | −0.2
(31.6)  | 4.9
(40.8)
Average precipitation mm (inches)  | 48.7
(1.92)  | 39.7
(1.56)  | 40.8
(1.61)  | 35.3
(1.39)  | 51.4
(2.02)  | 67.1
(2.64)  | 65.2
(2.57)  | 73.4
(2.89)  | 57.5
(2.26)  | 58.5
(2.30)  | 47.4
(1.87)  | 55.4
(2.18)  | 639.9
(25.19)
Average precipitation days (≥ 0.1 mm) | 17.1  | 15.1  | 14.0  | 11.6  | 13.0  | 13.7  | 14.5  | 14.4  | 14.2  | 16.8  | 16.4  | 17.8  | 178.9
Average relative humidity (%)  | 87.4  | 84.7  | 81.3  | 76.2  | 75.8  | 76.1  | 76.2  | 77.0  | 80.9  | 84.4  | 88.0  | 88.2  | 81.3
Mean monthly sunshine hours | 45.8  | 69.3  | 134.0  | 209.9  | 257.9  | 259.9  | 258.0  | 228.4  | 170.9  | 110.2  | 52.3  | 34.6  | 1,825.1
Source: NOAA[9]

Stralsund Barth Airport in the south of Barth

## Transport

[edit]

* Barth railway station is served by local services to Stralsund.
* Stralsund Barth Airport (also referred to as Baltic Sea Airport) is serving Barth and the UNESCO World heritage city of Stralsund and the adjacent economy and tourism regions of the Vorpommern-Rügen district.

## Vineta

[edit]

According to a theory by Goldmann and Wermusch, Barth is the site of the sunken town of Vineta. Barth is attracting tourists with the Vineta legend. Nowadays, there is a Vineta museum and a Vineta festival in the town.

## Notable people

[edit]

Gustav Friedrich Wohlbrück, 1840's Ulrich, Duke of Pomerania, ca1650

* Georg Ludwig Spalding (1762–1811), philologist
* Gustav Friedrich Wohlbrück (1793–1849), a German actor and theatre director.
* Ferdinand Jühlke (1815–1893), a Prussian horticulturist
* Wilhelm Holtz (1836–1913), physicist, invented the "Holtz electrostatic influence machine"
* Erich Gülzow (1888–1954), local historian, philologist and publisher.
* Werner Fuetterer (1907–1991), film actor

### Sport

[edit]

* Helmut Losch (1947–2005), world class weightlifter, bronze medallist at the 1976 Summer Olympics
* Jürgen Heuser (born 1953), weightlifter, silver medallist at the 1980 Summer Olympics
* Sylvia Rose, (born 1962), rower and team gold medallist at the 1988 Summer Olympics

### Aristocracy

[edit]

* Anna of Pomerania, (1590–1660), daughter of Bogislaw XIII, Duke of Pomerania, who married into the Imperial House of Croÿ, was born in Barth
* Francis, Duke of Pomerania (1577–1620), Duke of Pomerania
* Bogislaw XIV, Duke of Pomerania, (1580–1637), last duke of Pomerania
* George II, Duke of Pomerania (1582–1617), a non-reigning Duke of Pomerania
* Ulrich, Duke of Pomerania (1589–1622), Protestant Bishop of Pomerania and non-reigning Duke of Pomerania

## See also

[edit]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Barth.

* History of Pomerania

## References

[edit]

1. ^ "Statistisches Amt M-V – Bevölkerungsstand der Kreise, Ämter und Gemeinden 2023" (XLS) (in German). Statistisches Amt Mecklenburg-Vorpommern.
2. ^ "Altas nazw geograficznych słowianszczyny zachodniej" (PDF). Poznań. 1937.
3. ^ Mecklenburg-Vorpommern Statistical Office - Population Census from December 31, 2011 (XLS, German)
4. ^ a b c d e f g h i j Fr. Drescher, Der Kreis Franzburg-Barth, Kreisausschuß des Kreises Franzburg-Barth, Carl Klock, Barth 1932/33, edited reprint: G. Thomas, Stralsund, 1992. pp.16-24
5. ^ 94 of 210 "Erben"
6. ^ a b c Megargee, Geoffrey P.; Overmans, Rüdiger; Vogt, Wolfgang (2022). The United States Holocaust Memorial Museum Encyclopedia of Camps and Ghettos 1933–1945. Volume IV. Indiana University Press, United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. pp. 503–505\. ISBN 978-0-253-06089-1.
7. ^ a b c Megargee, Geoffrey P. (2009). The United States Holocaust Memorial Museum Encyclopedia of Camps and Ghettos 1933–1945. Volume I. Indiana University Press, United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. p. 1195\. ISBN 978-0-253-35328-3.
8. ^ Fr. Drescher, Der Kreis Franzburg-Barth, Kreisausschuß des Kreises Franzburg-Barth, Carl Klock, Barth 1932/33, edited reprint: G. Thomas, Stralsund, 1992. Vorwort.
9. ^ "Barth Climate Normals 1991–2020". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Archived from the original on 14 September 2023. Retrieved 15 September 2023.

## External links

[edit]

* Official website (in German)
* "Barth" . Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed.). 1911.
* "Barth" . New International Encyclopedia. 1905.

* v
* t
* e

Towns and municipalities in Vorpommern-Rügen

* Ahrenshagen-Daskow
* Ahrenshoop
* Altefähr
* Altenkirchen
* Altenpleen
* Baabe
* Bad Sülze
* Barth
* Bergen auf Rügen
* Binz
* Born auf dem Darß
* Breege
* Buschvitz
* Dettmannsdorf
* Deyelsdorf
* Dierhagen
* Divitz-Spoldershagen
* Dranske
* Drechow
* Dreschvitz
* Eixen
* Elmenhorst
* Franzburg
* Fuhlendorf
* Garz/Rügen
* Gingst
* Glewitz
* Glowe
* Göhren
* Grammendorf
* Gransebieth
* Gremersdorf-Buchholz
* Grimmen
* Groß Kordshagen
* Groß Mohrdorf
* Gustow
* Insel Hiddensee
* Hugoldsdorf
* Jakobsdorf
* Karnin
* Kenz-Küstrow
* Klausdorf
* Kluis
* Kramerhof
* Lancken-Granitz
* Lietzow
* Lindholz
* Löbnitz
* Lohme
* Lüdershagen
* Lüssow
* Marlow
* Millienhagen-Oebelitz
* Mönchgut
* Neuenkirchen
* Niepars
* Pantelitz
* Papenhagen
* Parchtitz
* Patzig
* Poseritz
* Preetz
* Prerow
* Prohn
* Pruchten
* Putbus
* Putgarten
* Ralswiek
* Rambin
* Rappin
* Ribnitz-Damgarten
* Richtenberg
* Saal
* Sagard
* Samtens
* Sassnitz
* Schaprode
* Schlemmin
* Sehlen
* Sellin
* Semlow
* Splietsdorf
* Steinhagen
* Stralsund
* Süderholz
* Sundhagen
* Trent
* Tribsees
* Trinwillershagen
* Ummanz
* Velgast
* Weitenhagen
* Wendisch Baggendorf
* Wendorf
* Wieck auf dem Darß
* Wiek
* Wittenhagen
* Wustrow
* Zarrendorf
* Zingst
* Zirkow

* v
* t
* e

Geography of Pomerania

Regions|

| Current|

* Western Pomerania
* Farther Pomerania
* Pomerelia
* Gdańsk Pomerania
* Kashubia
* Kociewie
* Tuchola Forest
* Chełmno Land
* Michałów Land
* Lubawa Land

|

Former|

* Circipania
* Lauenburg and Bütow Land
* Lands of Schlawe and Stolp

Administration|

* Mecklenburg-Vorpommern
* Brandenburg
* West Pomeranian Voivodeship
* Pomeranian Voivodeship
* Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship
* Pomerania Euroregion

Cities and towns|

* Anklam
* Barth
* Demmin
* Gartz
* Greifswald
* Grudziądz
* Heringsdorf
* Kołobrzeg
* Koszalin
* Ribnitz-Damgarten
* Sagard
* Sassnitz
* Słupsk
* Stargard
* Starogard Gdański
* Stralsund
* Świnoujście
* Szczecin
* Tczew
* Toruń
* Tricity metro
* Gdańsk
* Gdynia
* Sopot
* Ueckermünde
* Wejherowo
* Wolgast
* Zingst

* List of towns in Western Pomerania
* List of towns in Farther Pomerania
* List of placenames in the Province of Pomerania
* A–H
* I–P
* Q–Z

Inhabited islands|

* Kirr
* Hiddensee
* Ummanz
* Dänholm
* Rügen
* Öhe
* Riems
* Vilm
* Greifswalder Oie
* Görmitz
* Usedom
* Karsibór
* Wolin
* Wolińska Kępa
* Chrząszczewska
* Pucka
* Grodzka
* Kępa Parnicka
* Zaleskie Łęgi
* Zielona
* Łasztownia
* Ostrów Grabowski
* Salt Island
* Młyńska Island
* Port
* Ołowianka
* Ostrów
* Sobieszewo

Peninsulae and headlands|

* Darß-Zingst
* Jasmund
* Hel
* Mönchgut
* Reddevitz Höft
* Rewa Sandbar
* Cape Rozewie
* Cape Rzucewo
* Westerplatte
* Wittow
* Cape Arkona
* Bug
* Schaabe
* Zudar
* Palmer Ort

Rivers|

* Brda
* Drawa
* Drwęca
* Dziwna
* Grabowa
* Gwda
* Ina
* Łeba
* Motława
* Oder
* West
* East
* Regalica
* Parsęta
* Peene
* Peenestrom
* Piaśnica
* Płonia
* Radunia
* Randow
* Recknitz
* Reda
* Rega
* Ryck
* Słupia
* Świna
* Tollense
* Trebel
* Uecker
* Vistula
* Leniwka
* Śmiała Wisła
* Martwa Wisła
* Przekop Canal
* Wda
* Wieprza
* Wierzyca

Lakes|

* Charzykowskie Lake
* Dąbie Lake
* Drawsko Lake
* Gardno Lake
* Jamno Lake
* Lake Kummerow
* Łebsko Lake
* Miedwie Lake
* Raduńskie Lake
* Wdzydze Lake
* Wicko Lake

Bays, lagoons|

* Achterwasser
* Balmer See
* Darss-Zingst Bodden Chain
* Bodstedter Bodden
* Barther Bodden
* Grabow
* Bay of Gdańsk
* Bay of Puck
* Bay of Pomerania
* Bay of Greifswald
* Rügischer Bodden
* Hagensche Wiek
* Having
* Wreecher See
* Kamieński Lagoon
* North Rügen Bodden
* Wieker Bodden
* Rassower Strom
* Großer Jasmunder Bodden
* Kleiner Jasmunder Bodden
* Prorer Wiek
* Szczecin Lagoon
* Nowe Warpno Bay
* Neuwarper See
* Tromper Wiek
* West Rügen Bodden
* Vitter Bodden
* Schaproder Bodden
* Udarser Wiek
* Kubitzer Bodden
* Liebitz

National parks|

* Western Pomerania Lagoon Area
* Jasmund
* Lower Oder Valley
* Wolin
* Drawa
* Slovincian
* Bory Tucholskie

* v
* t
* e

History of Pomerania

* 10,000 BC – 600 AD
* 600–1100
* 1100–1300
* 1300–1500
* 1500–1806
* 1806–1933
* 1933–1945
* 1945–present

Administrative

Western Pomerania

* Billung March
* Northern March
* Principality of Rügen
* Duchy of Pomerania
* House of Pomerania
* List of dukes
* Gützkow
* Partitions
* Pomerania-Demmin
* Pomerania-Stettin
* Pomerania-Schlawe
* Pomerania-Wolgast
* Pomerania-Stolp
* Pomerania-Neustettin
* Pomerania-Stargard
* Pomerania-Rügenwalde
* Pomerania-Wolgast-Stolp
* Pomerania-Barth
* Swedish Pomerania
* Province of Pomerania 1815–1945
* Stettin Region
* Stralsund Region
* List of placenames
* Enclave of Police
* Szczecin Voivodeship 1946–1975
* Mecklenburg-Vorpommern 1946–1952
* Bezirk Frankfurt
* Bezirk Neubrandenburg
* Bezirk Rostock
* Szczecin Voivodeship 1975–1998
* Contemporary
* Mecklenburg-Vorpommern
* Brandenburg
* West Pomeranian Voivodeship

|

Farther Pomerania

* Duchy of Pomerania
* House of Pomerania
* List of dukes
* Cammin
* Schlawe-Stolp
* Partitions
* Pomerania-Stolp
* Brandenburgian Pomerania
* Starostwo of Draheim
* Province of Pomerania 1815–1945
* Stettin Region
* Köslin Region
* List of placenames
* Szczecin Voivodeship 1946–1975
* Koszalin Voivodeship 1950–1975
* Szczecin Voivodeship 1975–1998
* Koszalin Voivodeship 1975–1998
* Słupsk Voivodeship 1975–1998
* Contemporary
* West Pomeranian Voivodeship
* Pomeranian Voivodeship

Lauenburg-Bütow
classified as
Farther Pomerania
or Pomerelia|

* Duchy of Pomerania
* House of Pomerania
* List of dukes
* Partitions
* Royal Prussia
* Pomeranian Voivodeship
* Lauenburg-Bütow Pawn
* Brandenburgian Pomerania
* Lauenburg and Bütow Land
* Province of Pomerania 1815–1945
* Köslin Region
* Szczecin Voivodeship 1946–1975
* Koszalin Voivodeship 1950–1975
* Słupsk Voivodeship 1975–1998
* Contemporary
* Pomeranian Voivodeship

Pomerelia
(Kashubia,
Kociewie,
Tuchola Forest,
Chełmno Land)|

* Polish Pomerelia
* Danish Pomerelia
* Duchy of Eastern Pomerania
* Samborides
* Duchy of Gdańsk
* Duchy of Świecie and Lubiszewo
* Duchy of Białogarda
* Duchy of Lubiszewo
* Duchy of Świecie
* State of the Teutonic Order
* Royal Prussia 1466–1793
* Pomeranian Voivodeship
* Chełmno Voivodeship
* Free City of Danzig 1807–1814
* West Prussia
* Posen-West Prussia Region
* Pomeranian Voivodeship 1919–1939 (Polish Corridor)
* Free City of Danzig 1920–1939
* Reichsgau Danzig-West Prussia
* Gdańsk Voivodeship 1946–1975
* Bydgoszcz Voivodeship 1946–1975
* Szczecin Voivodeship 1946–1975
* Koszalin Voivodeship 1950–1975
* Gdańsk Voivodeship 1975–1998
* Koszalin Voivodeship 1975–1998
* Słupsk Voivodeship 1975–1998
* Bydgoszcz Voivodeship 1975–1998
* Toruń Voivodeship 1975–1998
* Contemporary
* Pomeranian Voivodeship
* West Pomeranian Voivodeship
* Gmina Biały Bór
* Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship

Ecclesiastical

| Roman Catholic|

| Historical|

* Christianization of Pomerania
* Diocese of Wollin/Cammin
* Diocese of Kolberg
* Diocese of Chełmno
* Diocese of Roskilde
* Apostolic Vicariate of Northern Germany
* Prince-Episcopal Delegation for Brandenburg and Pomerania
* Apostolic Administration of the Free City of Danzig
* Apostolic Administration of Tütz
* Prelature of Schneidemühl
* Apostolic Administration of Kamień (Cammin), Lubusz (Lebus) and the Prelature of Piła (Schneidemühl) with see in Gorzów Wielkopolski 1945–1972

|

Extant|

* Archdiocese of Berlin
* Diocese of Bydgoszcz
* Archdiocese of Gdańsk
* Diocese of Koszalin-Kołobrzeg
* Diocese of Pelplin
* Archdiocese of Szczecin-Kamień
* Diocese of Toruń
* Diocese of Włocławek

Protestant|

| Historical|

* Protestant Reformation

* Evangelical State Church in Prussia
* Pomeranian Evangelical Church

|

Extant|

* Protestant Church in Germany
* Evangelical Lutheran Church in Northern Germany
* Lutheran Diocese of Mecklenburg and Pomerania
* Evangelical Reformed Church in Germany
* Evangelical Church of the Augsburg Confession in Poland
* Lutheran Diocese of Pomerania-Greater Poland
* Lutheran Diocese of Wrocław
* Pentecostal Church in Poland

Demography and anthropology

| Archaeological cultures|

* Hamburg
* Maglemosian
* Ertebølle-Ellerbek
* Linear Pottery
* Funnelbeaker
* Havelland
* Corded Ware
* Comb Ceramic
* Nordic Bronze Age
* Lusatian
* Jastorf
* Pomeranian
* Oksywie
* Wielbark
* Gustow
* Dębczyn (Denzin)

|

Peoples|

* Gepids
* Goths
* Lemovii
* Rugii
* Vidivarii
* Vistula Veneti
* Slavic Pomeranians
* Prissani
* Rani
* Ukrani
* Veleti
* Lutici
* Velunzani
* German Pomeranians
* Kashubians
* Poles
* Slovincians

Major demographic events|

* Migration Period
* Ostsiedlung
* WWII flight and expulsion of Germans
* Post-WWII settlement of Poles and Ukrainians

Languages and dialects|

| West Germanic|

* Low German
* Low Prussian
* Central Pomeranian
* Mecklenburgisch-Vorpommersch
* East Pomeranian
* West Pomeranian
* Standard German

|

West Slavic|

* Polabian
* Polish
* Pomeranian
* Kashubian
* Slovincian

Treaties

| 1200–1500|

* Kremmen (1236)
* Landin (1250)
* Kępno (1282)
* Soldin (1309)
* Templin (1317)
* Ueckermünde (1327)
* Kalisz (1343)
* Stralsund (1354)
* Stralsund (1370)
* Pyzdry (1390)
* Raciążek (1404)
* Thorn, First (1411)
* Eberswalde, First (1415)
* Melno (1422)
* Perleberg (1427)
* Eberswalde, Second (1427)
* Łęczyca (1433)
* Brześć Kujawski (1435)
* Soldin (1466)
* Thorn, Second (1466)
* Prenzlau (1448/1468/1472/1479)
* Pyritz (1493)

|

1500–1700|

* Thorn (1521)
* Kraków (1525)
* Grimnitz (1529)
* Augsburg (1555)
* Lublin (1569)
* Stettin (1570)
* Franzburg (1627)
* Stettin (1630)
* Westphalia (1648)
* Stettin (1653)
* Labiau (1656)
* Wehlau and Bromberg (1657)
* Oliva (1660)
* Saint-Germain-en-Laye (1679)
* Lund (1679)

1700–present|

* Stockholm (1719 / 1720)
* Frederiksborg (1720)
* Polish Partitions Treaties (1772/1773, 1793, 1795)
* Tilsit (1807)
* Kiel (1814)
* Vienna (1815)
* North German Confederation Treaty (1866)
* Peace of Prague (1866)
* Versailles (1919)
* Polish Concordat (1925)
* Prussian Concordat (1929)
* Reichskonkordat (1933)
* Molotov–Ribbentrop (1939)
* Potsdam (1945)
* Zgorzelec (1951)
* Moscow (1970)
* Warsaw (1970)
* Helsinki Accords (1975)
* Polish-East German Maritime Border Agreement (1989)
* Two Plus Four (1990)
* German Reunification Treaty (1990)
* German–Polish Border Treaty (1991)
* Treaty of Good Neighbourship (1991)
* Polish Concordat (1993)
* Convention on the International Commission on the Protection of the Oder against Pollution (1996)
* Treaty of Accession 2003

Authority control databases

International|

* VIAF
* WorldCat

National|

* Germany
* United States
* Czech Republic
* Israel

Geographic|

* MusicBrainz area

Other|

* IdRef

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