Bashkir Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic

Autonomous soviet socialist republic of a union republic of the Soviet Union

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Bashkir Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic

Башҡорт Автономиялы Совет Социалистик Республикаhы (Bashkir)
Башкирская Автономная Советская Социалистическая Республика (Башкирия) (Russian)

ASSR of the Russian SFSR
1919–1992

Flag

Emblem

Map of the Bashkir ASSR in 1927
Capital|

* Temyasovo (1919—1920)
* Sterlitamak (1920—1922)
* Ufa (since 1922)

Area|

• 1990

| 143,600 km2 (55,400 sq mi)
Population|

• 1989

| 3 943 100
• Type| Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic
History|

• Established

| 23 March 1919

• Sovereignty declared (Bashkir SSR)

| 11 October 1990

• Renamed to Republic of Bashkortostan

| 25 February 1992

Preceded by | Succeeded by

|

|  | Bashkiria

|

| Bashkortostan |

|

Today part of| Russia

The Bashkir Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic,[a] also historically known as Soviet Bashkiria or simply Bashkiria,[1][2] was an autonomous republic of the Russian SFSR. Currently it is known as Republic of Bashkortostan, a federal subject of Russia.[3] The Bashkir ASSR was the first Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic in the RSFSR.[4][5][6]

Members of the Bashkir government, 20 June 1920

The republic occupied an area of 143,600 km2 (55,400 sq mi) in the far south-eastern corner of European Russia, bounded on the east by the Ural Mountains and within seventy kilometers of the Kazakhstan border at its southernmost point. The region was settled by nomads of the steppe, the Turkic Bashkirs, during the 13th-century domination by the Golden Horde. Russians arrived in the mid-16th century, founding the city of Ufa, now the republic's capital. Numerous local uprisings broke out in opposition to the settlement of larger Russian populations in the centuries that followed. The Bashkirs finally gave up nomadic life in the 19th century, adopting the agricultural lifestyle that remains their primary means of support. The traditional clan-based social structure has largely disappeared. The predominant religions of the Bashkir population are Muslim, which is observed by the majority, and Russian Orthodoxy. A major battleground of the Russian Civil War, in 1919 the Bashkir Republic was the first ethnic region to be designated an autonomous republic of Russia under the new communist government. The republic declared its sovereignty within the Soviet Union on 11 October 1990 as Bashkir Soviet Socialist Republic, and in 1992 it declared full independence. Two years later, Bashkortostan agreed to remain within the legislative framework of the Russian Federation, provided that mutual areas of competence were agreed upon.

The republic has rich mineral resources, especially petroleum, natural gas, iron ore, manganese, copper, salt, and construction stone. The Soviet government built a variety of heavy industries on that resource base. The traditional Bashkir occupations of livestock raising and beekeeping remain important economic activities.

## See also

[edit]

* First Secretary of the Bashkir Communist Party

## Notes

[edit]

1. ^ Bashkir: Башҡорт Автономиялы Совет Социалистик Республикаhы, romanized: Başqort Autonomiyalı Sovet Sotsialistik Respublikahı; Russian: Башкирская Автономная Советская Социалистическая Республика или Башкирия, romanized: Bashkirskaya Avtonomnaya Sovetskaya Sotsialisticheskaya Respublika

## References

[edit]

1. ^ "Башкортостан или Башкирия?/Юлдаш Юсупов - Проект ЗАМАН - первая некоммерческая информационная площадка в Башкортостане, которая объединяет людей науки и культуры". YouTube.com. Archived from the original on 2021-12-21.
2. ^ "Можно ли говорить «Башкирия», и оправдан ли гнев части жителей республики по этому поводу? / Аделина Минибаева". UfaTime.ru.
3. ^ "Башкирская Автономная Советская Социалистическая Республика". bse.sci-lib.com. Retrieved 2019-12-16.
4. ^ Большой Советской Энциклопедии [Great Soviet Encyclopedia]. Vol. 4\. 1950. p. 347.
5. ^ Jonathan D. Smele (November 19, 2015). Historical Dictionary of the Russian Civil Wars,1916-1926. Vol. 2\. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers. p. 179\. ISBN 978-1442252806.
6. ^ The Encyclopedia Americana. Vol. 30\. Danbury, Conn. : Grolier. 1984. p. 310\. ISBN 0717201155.

* Pipes, Richard E. (1950). "The First Experiment in Soviet National Policy: The Bashkir Republic, 1917-1920". Russian Review. 9 (4): 303–319\. doi:10.2307/125989. JSTOR 125989.
* This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain. Country Studies. Federal Research Division.\- Soviet Union

## External links

[edit]

* World Statesmen

* v
* t
* e

Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republics of the Soviet Union

By name|

* Abkhaz
* Adjarian
* Bashkir
* Buryat1
* Checheno-Ingush
* Chuvash
* Crimean
* Dagestan
* Gorno-Altai
* Kabardin
* Kabardino-Balkarian
* Kalmyk
* Karakalpak
* Karelian
* Kazakh2
* Kirghiz2
* Kirghiz
* Komi
* Mari
* Moldavian
* Mordovian
* Mountain
* Nakhichevan
* North Ossetian
* Tajik
* Tatar
* Turkestan
* Tuvan
* Udmurt
* Volga German
* Yakut

By years
of existence|

|  |

1918-24  Turkestan3
1918-41  Volga German4
1919-90  Bashkir
1920-25  Kirghiz2
1920-90  Tatar
1921-91  Adjarian
1921-45  Crimean
1921-91  Dagestan
1921-24  Mountain

1921-90  Nakhichevan
1922-91  Yakut
1923-90  Buryat1
1923-40  Karelian
1924-40  Moldavian
1924-29  Tajik
1925-92  Chuvash5
1925-36  Kazakh2
1926-36  Kirghiz

1931-92  Abkhaz
1932-92  Karakalpak
1934-90  Mordovian
1934-90  Udmurt6
1935-43  Kalmyk
1936-44  Checheno-Ingush
1936-44  Kabardino-Balkarian
1936-90  Komi
1936-90  Mari

1936-90  North Ossetian
1944-57  Kabardin
1956-91  Karelian
1957-92  Checheno-Ingush
1957-91  Kabardino-Balkarian
1958-90  Kalmyk
1961-92  Tuvan
1990-91  Gorno-Altai
1991-92  Crimean

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* 1 Buryat–Mongol until 1958.
* 2 Kazakh ASSR was called Kirghiz ASSR until 1925
* 3 Autonomous Republic since 1920
* 4 Autonomous Republic since 1923
* 5 Autonomous Republic since 1925
* 6 Autonomous Republic since 1934

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