Basilica of Saint Mary (Minneapolis)

Historic church in Minnesota, United States

For other basilicas dedicated to the Virgin Mary, see Basilica of St. Mary.

United States historic place

The Basilica of Saint Mary

U.S. National Register of Historic Places

Minneapolis Landmark

The Basilica of Saint Mary in 2016

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Location| 1600 Hennepin Ave.
Minneapolis, Minnesota
Coordinates| 44°58′23″N 93°17′11″W﻿ / ﻿44.97306°N 93.28639°W﻿ / 44.97306; -93.28639
Area| 2.5 acres (1.0 ha)
Built| 1907–1914
Architect| Masqueray, E.L.
Architectural style| Classical Revival
NRHP reference No.| 75000985[1]
Significant dates
Added to NRHP| March 26, 1975
Designated MPLSL| 1986

The Basilica of Saint Mary, formerly the Church of the Immaculate Conception, is a Catholic minor basilica and cathedral located on its own city block on Hennepin Avenue between 16th and 17th Streets in downtown Minneapolis, Minnesota. Dedicated in 1913, it became the first church named a basilica in the United States when Pope Pius XI raised it to the status in 1926. The Basilica of Saint Mary is the co-cathedral for the Archdiocese of Saint Paul and Minneapolis.[2][3]

## History

[edit]

Interior of the Basilica of Saint Mary

The Basilica of Saint Mary replaced a previous church, the Church of the Immaculate Conception. It was originally built in 1871, located at 3rd Street and 3rd Avenue North, but the expanding warehouse district was engulfing the church property. Archbishop John Ireland announced plans for a new Church of the Immaculate Conception on Christmas Day, 1903. In 1905, Lawrence S. Donaldson donated a one-block parcel on Hennepin Avenue near Loring Park for the new church buildings. The design was awarded to Franco-American architect Emmanuel Louis Masqueray, the designer of the Cathedral of Saint Paul. Masqueray designed it in a Beaux-Arts style.[4] The groundbreaking was held on August 7, 1907, with foundation construction continuing through May 1908. The cornerstone was laid on May 31, 1908, with a ceremony involving 30,000 Catholics, twenty bishops, 300 priests and seminarians from the Saint Paul Seminary, and 500 cadets from the College of Saint Thomas.

As construction on the Basilica and the St. Paul Cathedral progressed, Masqueray's architectural genius attracted attention. American Architect magazine commented, "The two Catholic Cathedrals will be -- when completed, noteworthy achievements in church building for any period; in extent and splendor they promise to surpass anything yet attempted in ecclesiastical work in the United States."[5] Civic dedication of the church took place on November 4, 1913, and the church was informally opened on May 31, 1914. It was informally referred to as the pro-cathedral of the archdiocese from its beginning, but the parish was officially named the Church of the Immaculate Conception until September 21, 1921. It was formally named the Pro-cathedral of Saint Mary at that time. Although the building was open for worship in 1914, the interior decoration, windows, and plaster work were not completed until after World War I[3] in 1925.[5] It was established as a minor basilica by Pope Pius XI in 1926, making it the first basilica in the United States.[2]

In 1941 the basilica was formally consecrated by Archbishop Dennis Dougherty of Philadelphia as part of the Ninth National Eucharistic Congress (which was taking place in Minneapolis and St. Paul at the time).[6]

The building was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1975.[1] Its significance is due to three reasons: its excellent architecture and engineering design, as an expression of Baroque influence in church architecture; an example of the history of religious movements in Minnesota; and its place as the first basilica in the United States.[5]

The foundation of the church is of Rockville granite. The walls are built of white Vermont granite, with a height of 70 feet (21 m) from the floor to the eave-line. The main entrance is a colonnaded portico with two 116-foot (35 m) spires on each side. The nave is lighted by five large arched stained glass windows. The nave has a barrel vault of 82 feet (25 m), exceeding that of the St. Peter's Basilica by two feet. The sanctuary, at the north end of the nave, is topped with a grand dome measuring 40 square feet (3.7 m2) at the base and rising 138 feet (42 m) above the floor. Above the dome is a flesche or lantern topped with a bronze cross, measuring another 62 feet (19 m), making the total height 200 feet (61 m) above floor level. The marble altar is located underneath a 50-foot-high (15 m) marble-columned baldacchino.[5]

In 1991 its old copper roof was replaced, stopping the water leaks and damage and that were occurring due to previous neglected maintenance.[3] In 2011, after being named one of 25 Twin City finalists, the building was the recipient of a $100,000 preservation grant from Partners in Preservation, chosen through a public vote; the funds were used to repair the narthex and sacristy of the Basilica, and help restore the paint and gold leaf found throughout the structure.[7]

In 2020, the basilica received minor fire damage during the rioting and arson that accompanied the George Floyd protests in Minneapolis–Saint Paul, with two pews being splashed with flammable liquid and burned.[8][9][10]

## Sound

[edit]

The Basilica Cathedral Choir, a 90-voice auditioned, volunteer choir provides choral music on Sunday for the 9:30am Mass as well as on Holy Days of Obligation. The Basilica Cathedral Choir sings repertoire spanning a wide range of genres and covering many centuries.[11] Music for vespers, confirmations, and special services is provided by the Schola Cantorum, a 12-voice professional choir.[12]

The present Basilica organ was installed in 1949 as Wicks Opus No. 3047. The instrument includes several stops that were scaled and designed by Henry Vincent Willis IV of England as one of a few larger Wicks instruments installed throughout the United States in the 1930s and 1940s. After undergoing a complete renovation in Winter, 2008, including an entirely new relay and console, the organ now consists of 82 ranks on 4 manuals and pedal. The en-chamade Herald Trumpet is actually tuba-scale and modeled after the English town hall Willis tubas. Voiced on 25" wind, it is the most commanding such stop in the Upper Midwest.[13] The Saint Paul Chamber Orchestra uses the Basilica as a venue.[14]

Since 1996, the Basilica has hosted a variety of artists and musical ensembles through its artist-in-residence program. As of 2015, the following musical entities were in residence:[15]

* Director of Music Teri Larson
* Composer Donald Krusback
* The Basilica Brass Ensemble
* The Minnesota Sinfonia
* The Rose Ensemble

### Basilica Block Party

[edit]

Main article: Basilica Block Party

Since 1995, the site has been the venue for the annual Basilica Block Party music festival, which has been described as "summertime's hottest church party".[16] The event raises money toward the ongoing restoration of the Basilica of St. Mary.[17]

## Gallery

[edit]

* Front Entrance to the Basilica of Saint Mary

* Baldachin

* Basilica coat of arms in stained glass

* Choir pews located behind the altar, with the organ pipes above them

* Domed ceiling above the altar

* Shrine of St. Anthony of Padua

* Shrine of St. Therese of Lisieux

* Stained glass windows

* Umbraculum

## See also

[edit]

* List of Catholic cathedrals in the United States
* List of cathedrals in the United States

## References

[edit]

1. ^ a b "National Register Information System". National Register of Historic Places. National Park Service. March 15, 2006.
2. ^ a b "The Basilica of Saint Mary". Archdiocese of Saint Paul and Minneapolis. Archived from the original on 2011-04-26. Retrieved 2011-06-10.
3. ^ a b c "Basilica of Saint Mary | Minnesota Digital Library". mndigital.org. Retrieved 2025-01-29.
4. ^ "The Basilica | The Basilica of Saint Mary". www.mary.org. Retrieved 2017-11-09.
5. ^ a b c d Nelson, Charles W. (1974-10-28). "National Register of Historic Places Inventory – Nomination Form: Basilica of Saint Mary". National Park Service. Retrieved 2015-04-15.
6. ^ Ninth National Eucharistic Congress, St.Paul and Minneapolis, June 23-26, 1941: Official History and Record. Executive Committee of the Ninth National Eucharistic Congress. 1941.
7. ^ Combs, Marianne (October 13, 2011). "Basilica of Saint Mary wins Partners in Preservation grant". Minnesota Public Radio. Retrieved 2012-01-19.
8. ^ Flynn, JD (May 31, 2020). "Amid riots, Basilica of St. Mary damaged by fire". The Catholic Spirit. Catholic News Agency. Retrieved December 5, 2024.
9. ^ "Senator Sticking Up for Catholics". www.churchmilitant.com. Archived from the original on August 21, 2020.
10. ^ "Pews Burned At Basilica Of St. Mary Amid Last Week's Riots". WCCO News. June 4, 2020.
11. ^ "Basilica Home". The Basilica of Saint Mary. Retrieved December 5, 2024.
12. ^ "Schola Cantorum". The Basilica of Saint Mary. 24 October 2022.
13. ^ "The Basilica Organ". The Basilica of Saint Mary. 13 February 2023. Retrieved December 5, 2024.
14. ^ "Saint Paul Chamber Orchestra: Basilica of Saint Mary". Retrieved February 21, 2018.
15. ^ "Art | The Basilica of Saint Mary". www.mary.org. 24 October 2022.
16. ^ Boller, Jay. "Basilica Block Party to rise again: Here's the '18 lineup". City Pages.
17. ^ Karen, Zamora (12 July 2014). "Two decades later, Basilica Block Party rocks on". The Star Tribune.

## External links

[edit]

Media related to Basilica of Saint Mary (Minneapolis) at Wikimedia Commons

* Official Basilica Site
* Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Saint Paul and Minneapolis Official Site
* History of the Basilica
* Basilica of St Mary, Minneapolis at "MNopedia", Minnesota Historical Society by R.L. Cartwright, 2012 (CC-By-SA).
* Basilica Block Party
* Basilica of Saint Mary Digital Collection, Minnesota Reflections

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