Beluga whale coronavirus SW1

Species of virus

Beluga whale coronavirus SW1

Virus classification
(unranked):  | Virus
Realm:  | Riboviria
Kingdom:  | Orthornavirae
Phylum:  | Pisuviricota
Class:  | Pisoniviricetes
Order:  | Nidovirales
Family:  | Coronaviridae
Genus:  | Gammacoronavirus
Subgenus:  | Cegacovirus
Species:  |

Beluga whale coronavirus SW1

Beluga whale coronavirus SW1 (Whale-CoV SW1) is a mammalian Gammacoronavirus, an RNA virus, discovered through genome sequencing in the liver of a single deceased beluga whale and first described in 2008. This was the first description of the complete genome of a coronavirus found in a marine mammal.[1]

The captive-born whale was male and died at age 13 after a short illness. This illness was characterised by generalised pulmonary disease and terminal acute liver failure. The liver demonstrated pathological signs, including areas of necrosis. Electron microscopy showed many round viral particles measuring around 60–80nm in the liver cytoplasm, but it could not be confirmed whether these corresponded with the RNA identified. It is not known whether the beluga is the natural host of this virus or whether the virus is pathogenic in whales. Other coronaviruses can cause liver pathologies, but it could not be confirmed whether that was the case here.[1]

A genetic analysis showed the virus to be highly divergent, but closest to the Gammacoronavirus group.[1]

A closely related virus was subsequently reported in bottlenose dolphins, with the authors proposing that both should be included in the same species, Cetacean coronavirus. In 2022 this paper was retracted due to suspected data manipulation, with the original data being unverifiable.[2]

## See also

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* Animal viruses
* Avian infectious bronchitis virus
* RNA virus

## References

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1. ^ a b c Mihindukulasuriya, K. A.; Wu, G.; St. Leger, J.; Nordhausen, R. W.; Wang, D. (2008). "Identification of a Novel Coronavirus from a Beluga Whale by Using a Panviral Microarray". Journal of Virology. 82 (10): 5084–5088\. doi:10.1128/JVI.02722-07. PMC 2346750. PMID 18353961.5084-5088&rft.date=2008&rft_id=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2346750#id-name=PMC&rft_id=info:pmid/18353961&rft_id=info:doi/10.1128/JVI.02722-07&rft.aulast=Mihindukulasuriya&rft.aufirst=K.+A.&rft.au=Wu,+G.&rft.au=St.+Leger,+J.&rft.au=Nordhausen,+R.+W.&rft.au=Wang,+D.&rft_id=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2346750&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Beluga+whale+coronavirus+SW1" class="Z3988">
2. ^ Woo, P. C. Y.; Lau, S. K. P.; Lam, C. S. F.; Tsang, A. K. L.; Hui, S.-W.; Fan, R. Y. Y.; Martelli, P.; Yuen, K.-Y. (2014). "Discovery of a Novel Bottlenose Dolphin Coronavirus Reveals a Distinct Species of Marine Mammal Coronavirus in Gammacoronavirus". Journal of Virology. 88 (2): 1318–1331\. doi:10.1128/JVI.02351-13. PMC 3911666. PMID 24227844.1318-1331&rft.date=2014&rft_id=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3911666#id-name=PMC&rft_id=info:pmid/24227844&rft_id=info:doi/10.1128/JVI.02351-13&rft.aulast=Woo&rft.aufirst=P.+C.+Y.&rft.au=Lau,+S.+K.+P.&rft.au=Lam,+C.+S.+F.&rft.au=Tsang,+A.+K.+L.&rft.au=Hui,+S.-W.&rft.au=Fan,+R.+Y.+Y.&rft.au=Martelli,+P.&rft.au=Yuen,+K.-Y.&rft_id=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3911666&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Beluga+whale+coronavirus+SW1" class="Z3988"> (Retracted, see doi:10.1128/jvi.01503-22, PMID 36314825, Retraction Watch)

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Taxonomy of the Coronaviridae

Higher taxonomy: Riboviria > Orthornavirae > Pisuviricota > Pisoniviricetes > Nidovirales > Cornidovirineae > Coronaviridae

Orthocoronavirinae

Alphacoronavirus|

| Colacovirus|

* Bat coronavirus CDPHE15

Decacovirus|

* Bat coronavirus HKU10
* Rhinolophus ferrumequinum alphacoronavirus HuB-2013

Duvinacovirus|

* Human coronavirus 229E

Luchacovirus|

* Lucheng Rn rat coronavirus

Minacovirus|

* Mink coronavirus 1

Minunacovirus|

* Miniopterus bat coronavirus 1
* Miniopterus bat coronavirus HKU8

Myotacovirus|

* Myotis ricketti alphacoronavirus Sax-2011

Nyctacovirus|

* Nyctalus velutinus alphacoronavirus SC-2013
* Pipistrellus kuhlii coronavirus 3398

Pedacovirus|

* Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus
* Scotophilus bat coronavirus 512

Rhinacovirus|

* Rhinolophus bat coronavirus HKU2

Setracovirus|

* Human coronavirus NL63
* NL63-related bat coronavirus strain BtKYNL63-9b

Soracovirus|

* Sorex araneus coronavirus T14

Sunacovirus|

* Suncus murinus coronavirus X74

Tegacovirus|

* Alphacoronavirus 1
* Feline coronavirus
* Canine coronavirus
* Canine coronavirus HuPn-2018
* Transmissible gastroenteritis virus

Betacoronavirus|

| Embecovirus|

* Betacoronavirus 1
* Bovine coronavirus
* Human coronavirus OC43
* China Rattus coronavirus HKU24
* Human coronavirus HKU1
* Murine coronavirus
* Rat coronavirus
* Myodes coronavirus 2JL14

Hibecovirus|

* Bat Hp-betacoronavirus Zhejiang2013

Merbecovirus|

* Hedgehog coronavirus 1
* Middle East respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus
* London1_novel CoV/2012
* MERS coronavirus EMC/2012
* Pipistrellus bat coronavirus HKU5
* Tylonycteris bat coronavirus HKU4

Nobecovirus|

* Eidolon bat coronavirus C704
* Rousettus bat coronavirus GCCDC1
* Rousettus bat coronavirus HKU9

Sarbecovirus|

* SARS-related coronavirus
* SARS-CoV-1
* SARS-CoV-2
* Variants
* BANAL-52
* Bat SARS-like coronavirus WIV1
* RacCS203
* RaTG13
* RmYN02
* RpYN06
* SHC014-CoV

Gammacoronavirus|

| Brangacovirus|

* Goose coronavirus CB17

Cegacovirus|

* Beluga whale coronavirus SW1

Igacovirus|

* Avian coronavirus
* Avian coronavirus 9203
* Duck coronavirus 2714

Deltacoronavirus|

| Andecovirus|

* Wigeon coronavirus HKU20

Buldecovirus|

* Bulbul coronavirus HKU11
* Common moorhen coronavirus HKU21
* Coronavirus HKU15
* Munia coronavirus HKU13
* White-eye coronavirus HKU16

Herdecovirus|

* Night heron coronavirus HKU19

Letovirinae

| Alphaletovirus|

| Milecovirus|

* Microhyla letovirus 1

Source: ICTV ––  Wikispecies

Taxon identifiers

Beluga whale coronavirus SW1|

* Wikidata: Q18965336
* Wikispecies: Beluga whale coronavirus SW1
* CoL: LCPX
* IRMNG: 11459235
* NCBI: 694015
* WoRMS: 816305

Cegacovirus|

* Wikidata: Q57754725
* NCBI: 2509476

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