Berkeley Springs, West Virginia

Town in West Virginia, United States

Berkeley Springs, West Virginia

Town

Town of Bath

Town square in Berkeley Springs

Seal

Motto:

"America's First Spa"

Location of Bath (Berkeley Springs) in Morgan County, West Virginia.

Coordinates: 39°37′32″N 78°13′37″W﻿ / ﻿39.62556°N 78.22694°W﻿ / 39.62556; -78.22694
Country| United States
State| West Virginia
County| Morgan
Incorporation| December 1776
Government

• Type| Mayor–council
Area

[1]

• Total| 0.34 sq mi (0.87 km2)
• Land| 0.34 sq mi (0.87 km2)
• Water| 0.00 sq mi (0.00 km2)
Elevation

[2]

| 656 ft (200 m)
Population

(2020)[3]

• Total| 758
• Estimate

(2021)[3]

| 755
• Density| 1,773.81/sq mi (685.65/km2)
Time zone| UTC−5 (Eastern (EST))
• Summer (DST)| UTC−4 (EDT)
ZIP Code|

25411

Area code| 304
FIPS code| 54-04876
GNIS feature ID| 1877535[2]
Website| townofbath.org/government

Berkeley Springs is a town in, and the county seat of, Morgan County, West Virginia, United States, in the state's eastern panhandle.[4] Berkeley Springs is also commonly used to refer to the area in and around the Town of Bath. In 1776, the Virginia Legislature incorporated a town around the springs and named it Bath. Since 1802, it has been referred to by the name of its original post office, Berkeley Springs. The population was 758 at the 2020 census. It is part of the Hagerstown–Martinsburg metropolitan area.

The area contains mineral water springs frequented by Native Americans indigenous to the area, possibly for thousands of years. After settlement by Europeans, the mineral springs drew many visitors from urban areas. Notable colonial visitors to the area included George Washington and James Rumsey. Berkeley Springs remained a popular resort area during the United States' early years. It is the home of the Berkeley Springs International Water Tasting,[5] the longest-running and largest such event in the world. Another local tradition is the famed Apple Butter Festival, started by a group of local business owners in 1974, with overwhelming support from then-Mayor Frank Heiner.[citation needed] The area continues to be a popular resort area, with tourism the primary industry in the county and there being six full-service spas using mineral water.

## History

[edit]

The Samuel Taylor Suit Cottage overlooks the town

During colonial times in 1748, George Washington, then just 16 years old, was part of the team that surveyed the Eastern Panhandle region for Thomas Fairfax, 6th Lord Fairfax of Cameron. Washington returned several times over the next several years with his half-brother, Lawrence, who was ill, hoping that the warm springs might improve his health. The springs, and their rumored medicinal benefits, attracted numerous Native Americans and Europeans to the area.[citation needed]

While vacationing in the area in 1767, Washington noted how busy the colonial town had become. Lord Fairfax had built a summer home there and a "private bath", making the area a popular destination for Virginia's social elite. With the advent of independence, An act for establishing a town at the Warm Springs in the county of Berkeley[6] was adopted by the Virginia General Assembly in December 1776. Officially, the town was named Bath, in honor of England's spa city Bath.

"Bathtub" used by George Washington

George Washington, his family members, and several colonial elites were among the town's first landowners. The town's main north-south street was named Washington, and the main east-west street was named Fairfax. Also, four acres were set aside for "suffering humanity." The area around the springs always was public land known as The Grove and overseen by a state-appointed group of Beth Trustees. This would become Berkeley Springs State Park with its springs and bathhouses, which was made part of the West Virginia state park system in 1925. Nearby, Cacapon State Park was opened in 1933. The mountain that gives its name to the park has an elevation of 2,320 feet (710 m) above sea level.[citation needed]

Bath's population increased during and immediately after the Revolutionary War as wounded soldiers and others came to the area believing that the warm springs had medicinal qualities.[citation needed]

### Chronology of names

[edit]

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|

In 1772, the springs were part of the newly formed Berkeley County, named after its colonial governor, Norborne Berkeley. The waters became known as Berkeley Springs because the existing protocol was to name springs after the colonial Virginia county in which they were located. Previously, the area had been called Warm Springs and Medicinal Springs among other names.

Bath became known permanently to the world as Berkeley Springs in 1802 when the Virginia postal system was established in the new nation, and there already was a Bath, Virginia, in Bath County.

In 1861, many residents of Virginia were opposed to Virginia's secession from the United States, some calling the act of secession treasonous. Following the Wheeling Conventions of 1861, a referendum was held in 41 mostly northwestern Virginia counties on whether to secede from Virginia and seek admission to the United States as a new state. An overwhelming majority of voters in these counties voted in favor of the proposal. Confederates commanded by Stonewall Jackson captured Bath during the Romney Expedition in January 1862, and ransacked the homes of local unionists.[7] The United States admitted the State of West Virginia on June 20, 1863. Berkeley Springs remained the conventional name used for the town. Its sister city is Bath, England.

## Geography

[edit]

Berkeley Springs is located in the Appalachian Mountains. The town lies in the eastern panhandle of West Virginia 26 miles (42 km) northwest of Martinsburg, West Virginia and 36 miles (58 km) west of Hagerstown, Maryland. Berkeley Springs is the county seat of Morgan County. Morgan County makes up one of the central counties in the eastern panhandle.

According to the United States Census Bureau, the incorporated town of Bath has a total area of 0.34 square miles (0.88 km2), all land.[8]

There are two rivers in Morgan County. The Potomac makes up the northern border, and the Cacapon River cuts through the center of the county connecting with the Potomac at Great Cacapon. Cacapon and Sleepy Creek Mountain are the two most notable mountains in the county. Berkeley Springs is nestled northwest of the Shenandoah Valley at an elevation of approximately 656 feet (200 m). Warm Spring Run cuts through the center of the town and eventually connects with the Potomac River near Hancock Station. Sleepy Creek connects with the Potomac along River Road north and east of the town.

## Demographics

[edit]

Historical population Census| Pop.| Note| %±

|
|
|

1850| 77| | —
1860| 2,982| | 3,772.7%
1870| 407| | −86.4%
1880| 534| | 31.2%
1900| 781| | —
1910| 864| | 10.6%
1920| 980| | 13.4%
1930| 1,039| | 6.0%
1940| 1,145| | 10.2%
1950| 1,213| | 5.9%
1960| 1,138| | −6.2%
1970| 944| | −17.0%
1980| 789| | −16.4%
1990| 735| | −6.8%
2000| 663| | −9.8%
2010| 624| | −5.9%
2020| 758| | 21.5%
2021 (est.)| 755| [3]| −0.4%
U.S. Decennial Census[9]

### 2010 census

[edit]

As of the census[10] of 2010, there were 624 people, 314 households, and 158 families residing in the incorporated town of Bath. The population density was 1,835.3 inhabitants per square mile (708.6/km2). There were 416 housing units at an average density of 1,223.5 per square mile (472.4/km2). The racial makeup of the town was 96.5% White, 0.5% Native American, 0.3% Asian, 1.0% from other races, and 1.8% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2.7% of the population.

There were 314 households, of which 23.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 31.8% were married couples living together, 14.6% had a female householder with no husband present, 3.8% had a male householder with no wife present, and 49.7% were non-families. 43.0% of all households were made up of individuals, and 17.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 1.99, and the average family size was 2.74.

The median age in the town was 42.9 years. 21.2% of residents were under the age of 18; 6.5% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 25.1% were from 25 to 44; 27% were from 45 to 64; and 19.9% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the town was 47.8% male and 52.2% female.

### 2000 census

[edit]

As of the census[11] of 2000, there were 663 people, 331 households, and 160 families residing in the town. The population density was 2,706.0 inhabitants per square mile (1,044.8/km2). There were 379 housing units at an average density of 1,546.9 per square mile (597.3/km2). The racial makeup of the town was 97.1% White, 1.7% African American, 0.2% Native American, 0.3% from other races, and 0.8% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.6% of the population.

There were 331 households, out of which 20.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 35.6% were married couples living together, 10.0% had a female householder with no husband present, and 51.4% were non-families. 46.5% of all households were made up of individuals, and 25.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 1.98, and the average family size was 2.85.

In the town, the population was spread out, with 19.5% under 18, 11.0% from 18 to 24, 23.4% from 25 to 44, 22.3% from 45 to 64, and 23.8% who were 65 years or older. The median age was 41 years. For every 100 females, there were 80.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 77.4 males.

The median income for a household in the town was $24,934, and the median income for a family was $33,333. Males had a median income of $25,156 versus $23,611 for females. The per capita income for the town was $14,917. About 13.4% of families and 18.7% of the population were below the poverty line, including 26.8% of those under age 18 and 15.7% of those age 65 or over.

## Transportation

[edit]

US 522 northbound and WV 9 westbound in Berkeley Springs

Two main highways serve Berkeley Springs. The most prominent of these is U.S. Route 522. US 522 traverses the region in a general north-northeast to south-southwest direction. To the north, US 522 connects Berkeley Springs to Interstate 70 and Interstate 68 near Hancock, Maryland, while heading south provides a connection to Interstate 81 near Winchester, Virginia. The other primary highway serving Berkeley Springs is West Virginia Route 9, oriented in a general northwest-to-southeast alignment. WV 9 heads westward to Paw Paw and continues east to Martinsburg. The two highways run concurrently for a short stretch along Main Street in Berkeley Springs.

## Notable people

[edit]

* Beirne Lay, Jr., U.S. Army aviator
* Tom Netherton, singer, Lawrence Welk Show
* Charles Triplett O'Ferrall, politician
* John Herbert Quick, author
* James Rumsey, early steamboat inventor
* David Hunter Strother, journalist, artist, politician and diplomat
* Lajos Veress, Hungarian military officer, buried in Berkeley Springs

## In popular culture

[edit]

A location in the online multiplayer game Fallout 76 was named and inspired by Berkeley Springs.[12][better source needed]

## Gallery

[edit]

* Storage bins no longer in use. At one time, they were used by the local sand mine for loading train cars for distribution.

* View of part of Berkeley Springs State Park

* Another view of part of Berkeley Springs State Park, with fall colors

* View of Sleepy Creek Mountain from Devil's Nose

* The former train station

## References

[edit]

1. ^ "2019 U.S. Gazetteer Files". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved August 7, 2020.
2. ^ a b U.S. Geological Survey Geographic Names Information System: Berkeley Springs, West Virginia
3. ^ a b c "City and Town Population Totals: 2020-2021". Census.gov. US Census Bureau. Retrieved July 3, 2022.
4. ^ "Find a County". National Association of Counties. Archived from the original on May 31, 2011. Retrieved June 7, 2011.
5. ^ Berkeley Springs International Water Tasting
6. ^ "Hening's Statutes at Large". vagenweb.org. Retrieved March 5, 2017.
7. ^ Cozzens, Peter (2008). Shenandoah 1862: Stonewall Jackson's Valley Campaign. Civil War America. Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina Press. ISBN 978-0-8078-3200-4.
8. ^ "US Gazetteer files 2010". United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on July 2, 2012. Retrieved January 24, 2013.
9. ^ United States Census Bureau. "Census of Population and Housing". Retrieved August 30, 2013.
10. ^ "U.S. Census website". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved January 24, 2013.
11. ^ "U.S. Census website". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved January 31, 2008.
12. ^ Berkeley Springs - Fallout 76 Wiki Guide - IGN, retrieved April 7, 2020

## External links

[edit]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Berkeley Springs, West Virginia.

* Berkeley Springs travel guide from Wikivoyage
* Official Website of Town of Bath Government Berkeley Springs
* Official Website of Berkeley Springs
* Berkeley Springs – Morgan County Chamber of Commerce

* v
* t
* e

Municipalities and communities of Morgan County, West Virginia, United States

County seat: Berkeley Springs

Towns|

* Berkeley Springs
* Paw Paw

Map of West Virginia highlighting Morgan County

CDP|

* Great Cacapon

Unincorporated
communities|

* Berryville
* Burnt Factory
* Campbells
* Cherry Run
* Doe Gully
* Duckwall
* Green Ridge
* Greenwood
* Hancock
* Hansrote
* Holton
* Jerome
* Jimtown
* Johnsons Mill
* Largent
* Lineburg
* Magnolia
* Mount Trimble
* New Hope
* North Berkeley
* Oakland
* Omps
* Orleans Cross Roads
* Ridersville
* Ridge
* Roundtop
* Rock Gap
* Sir Johns Run
* Sleepy Creek
* Smith Crossroads
* Spohrs Crossroads
* Stotlers Crossroads
* Unger
* Woodmont
* Woodrow

* West Virginia portal
* United States portal

* v
* t
* e

Eastern panhandle of West Virginia

Regions|

* Potomac Highlands
* Shenandoah Valley

Counties|

* Berkeley
* Grant
* Hampshire
* Hardy
* Jefferson
* Mineral
* Morgan
* Pendleton

Communities|

* Bayard
* Berkeley Springs
* Bolivar
* Capon Bridge
* Carpendale
* Charles Town
* Elk Garden
* Franklin
* Harpers Ferry
* Hedgesville
* Keyser
* Martinsburg
* Moorefield
* Paw Paw
* Petersburg
* Piedmont
* Ridgeley
* Romney
* Shepherdstown
* Wardensville

Attractions
and natural
features|

* Appalachian Trail Conservancy
* Berkeley Springs State Park
* Cacapon Resort State Park
* Cacapon River
* Capon Springs & Farms Resort
* Champe Rocks
* Chesapeake and Ohio Canal National Historical Park
* Fort Ashby
* Fort Mill Ridge Civil War Trenches
* George Washington National Forest
* Germany Valley
* Hanging Rocks
* Harpers Ferry Historic District
* Harpers Ferry National Historical Park
* Hollywood Casino at Charles Town Races
* Ice Mountain Preserve
* Indian Mound Cemetery
* James Rumsey Monument
* Jefferson Rock
* Jennings Randolph Lake
* John Brown's Fort
* Lost River
* Lost River State Park
* Monongahela National Forest
* Morgan Morgan Monument
* Mount Storm Lake
* North Branch Potomac River
* Northwestern Turnpike
* Potomac Eagle Scenic Railroad
* Potomac River
* Potomac State College
* Seneca Caverns
* Seneca Rocks
* Shenandoah River
* Shepherdstown Historic District
* Shepherd University
* Sleepy Creek Lake
* Smoke Hole Caverns
* South Branch Potomac River
* Spruce Knob
* Storer College
* Summit Point Motorsports Park
* The Trough
* Trout Pond
* Tuscarora Trail
* Washington Heritage Trail

* v
* t
* e

Municipalities of West Virginia

Cities|

* Beckley
* Benwood
* Bluefield
* Bridgeport
* Buckhannon
* Cameron
* Ceredo
* Charles Town
* Charleston
* Chester
* Clarksburg
* Dunbar
* Elkins
* Fairmont
* Follansbee
* Gary
* Glen Dale
* Grafton
* Hinton
* Huntington
* Hurricane
* Kenova
* Keyser
* Kingwood
* Lewisburg
* Logan
* Madison
* Mannington
* Marmet
* Martinsburg
* McMechen
* Montgomery
* Morgantown
* Moundsville
* Mount Hope
* Mullens
* New Cumberland
* New Martinsville
* Nitro
* Oak Hill
* Paden City
* Parkersburg
* Parsons
* Pennsboro
* Petersburg
* Philippi
* Pleasant Valley
* Point Pleasant
* Princeton
* Ranson
* Ravenswood
* Richwood
* Ripley
* Romney
* Ronceverte
* Salem
* Shinnston
* Sistersville
* Smithers
* South Charleston
* Spencer
* St. Albans
* St. Marys
* Stonewood
* Thomas
* Vienna
* War
* Weirton
* Welch
* Wellsburg
* Weston
* Westover
* Wheeling
* White Sulphur Springs
* Williamson
* Williamstown

Towns|

* Addison (Webster Springs)
* Albright
* Alderson
* Anawalt
* Anmoore
* Ansted
* Athens
* Auburn
* Bancroft
* Barrackville
* Belmont
* Bath (Berkeley Springs)
* Bayard
* Belington
* Belle
* Bethany
* Beverly
* Blacksville
* Bolivar
* Bradshaw
* Bramwell
* Brandonville
* Bruceton Mills
* Buffalo
* Burnsville
* Cairo
* Camden-on-Gauley
* Capon Bridge
* Carpendale
* Cedar Grove
* Chapmanville
* Chesapeake
* Clay
* Clendenin
* Cowen
* Danville
* Davis
* Davy
* Delbarton
* Durbin
* East Bank
* Eleanor
* Elizabeth
* Elk Garden
* Ellenboro
* Fairview
* Falling Spring
* Farmington
* Fayetteville
* Flatwoods
* Flemington
* Fort Gay
* Franklin
* Friendly
* Gassaway
* Gauley Bridge
* Gilbert
* Glasgow
* Glenville
* Grant Town
* Grantsville
* Granville
* Hambleton
* Hamlin
* Handley
* Harman
* Harpers Ferry
* Harrisville
* Hartford City
* Hedgesville
* Henderson
* Hendricks
* Hillsboro
* Hundred
* Huttonsville
* Iaeger
* Jane Lew
* Junior
* Kermit
* Kimball
* Leon
* Lester
* Lost Creek
* Lumberport
* Mabscott
* Man
* Marlinton
* Mason
* Masontown
* Matewan
* Matoaka
* Meadow Bridge
* Middlebourne
* Mill Creek
* Milton
* Mitchell Heights
* Monongah
* Montrose
* Moorefield
* New Haven
* Newburg
* North Hills
* Northfork
* Nutter Fort
* Oakvale
* Oceana
* Paw Paw
* Pax
* Peterstown
* Piedmont
* Pine Grove
* Pineville
* Poca
* Pratt
* Pullman
* Quinwood
* Rainelle
* Reedsville
* Reedy
* Ridgeley
* Rivesville
* Rowlesburg
* Rupert
* Sand Fork
* Shepherdstown
* Smithfield
* Sophia
* Star City
* Summersville
* Sutton
* Sylvester
* Terra Alta
* Thurmond
* Triadelphia
* Tunnelton
* Union
* Wardensville
* Wayne
* West Hamlin
* West Liberty
* West Logan
* West Milford
* West Union
* White Hall
* Whitesville
* Winfield
* Womelsdorf (Coalton)
* Worthington

Villages|

* Barboursville
* Beech Bottom
* Bethlehem
* Clearview
* Valley Grove
* Windsor Heights

* v
* t
* e

County seats of West Virginia

* Beckley
* Berkeley Springs
* Buckhannon
* Charles Town
* Charleston
* Clarksburg
* Clay
* Elizabeth
* Elkins
* Fairmont
* Fayetteville
* Franklin
* Glenville
* Grafton
* Grantsville
* Hamlin
* Harrisville
* Hinton
* Huntington
* Keyser
* Kingwood
* Lewisburg
* Logan
* Madison
* Marlinton
* Martinsburg
* Middlebourne
* Moorefield
* Morgantown
* Moundsville
* New Cumberland
* New Martinsville
* Parkersburg
* Parsons
* Petersburg
* Philippi
* Pineville
* Point Pleasant
* Princeton
* Ripley
* Romney
* Spencer
* St. Marys
* Summersville
* Sutton
* Union
* Wayne
* Webster Springs
* Welch
* Wellsburg
* West Union
* Weston
* Wheeling
* Williamson
* Winfield

Authority control databases

International|

* VIAF
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National|

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