Bharatiya Janata Party, Gujarat

Indian political party

Political party in India

Bharatiya Janata Party, Gujarat

ભારતીય જનતા પાર્ટી, ગુજરાત

Abbreviation| BJP
Leader| Bhupendrabhai Patel
(Chief Minister)
President| C. R. Patil
General Secretary| Ratnakarji
Headquarters| Opp. Preksha Vishwa Bharti, Koba Circle-Gandhinagar Road Koba, Gandhinagar, Gujarat 382007
Ideology|

* Conservatism (Indian)[1]
* Hindu nationalism[2]
* Hindutva[3]
* Neoliberalism[4]
* Right-wing populism[5]
* Integral humanism[6]

Political position| Centre-right to far-right[7]

ECI Status| National Party
Seats in Lok Sabha|

25 / 26

(as of 2024)
Seats in Rajya Sabha|

10 / 11

(as of 2024)
Seats in Gujarat Legislative Assembly|

161 / 182

(as of 2024)
Party flag
Website
bjpgujarat.org

* Politics of India
* Political parties
* Elections

Bharatiya Janata Party, Gujarat[8] (BJP Gujarat) is the state unit of the Bharatiya Janata Party that operates in Gujarat. C. R. Patil currently serves as state president of the party. The leader of the party is Bhupendrabhai R Patel, the incumbent chief minister of Gujarat. The head office of the party is located in Gandhinagar, Gujarat.

## Office bearers

[edit]

Source:[9]

Name  | Wing/Position  | Department
Bhupendra Patel | Chief Minister  | N/A
C. R. Patil | State President  | Member of Parliament (Navsari)
Gordhanbhai Zadafiya  | State Vice President  | N/A
Jayantibhai R. Kavadiya  | State Vice President  | N/A
Mahendrasinh P. Sarvaiya  | State Vice President  |
Nandaji V. Thakor  | State Vice President  | Spokesperson
Ku. Kaushalyakunvarba Parmar  | State Vice President  |
Janakbhai M. Patel (Bagdanawala)  | State Vice President  |
Varshaben N. Doshi  | State Vice President  |
Dr. Bharatbhai Boghara  | State Vice President  |
Mahendrabhai S. Patel  | State Vice President  |
Ushaben G. Patel  | State Vice President  |
Maheshbhai L. Kaswala  | State Secretary  |
Raghubhai D. Humbal  | State Secretary  |
Pankajbhai C. Chaudhary  | State Secretary  |
Shitalben S. Soni  | State Secretary  |
Zaveribhai D. Thakrar  | State Secretary  |
Naukaben B. Prajapati  | State Secretary  |
Jahanviben M. Vyas  | State Secretary  |
Kailashben A. Parmar  | State Secretary  |
Ku. Jayshriben L. Desai  | State Secretary  |
Binaben Acharya  | State Secretary  |
Surendrabhai M. Patel  | Treasurer  |
Dharmendrabhai C. Shah (Co-Treasurer)  | Treasurer  |
Pareshbhai R. Patel  | Office Secretary  |

### Chief Ministers

[edit]

Main article: List of chief ministers of Gujarat

Following is the list of the chief ministers of Gujarat from Bhartiya Janta Party

| Portrait  | Name  | Constituency | Term of Office  | Tenure  | Assembly

|
|
|
|
|
|

1  |  | Keshubhai Patel | Visavadar | 14 March 1995  | 21 October 1995  | 221 days  | 9th
4 March 1998  | 6 October 2001  | 3 years, 216 days  | 10th
2  |  | Suresh Mehta | Mandvi | 21 October 1995  | 19 September 1996  | 334 days  | 9th
3  |  | Narendra Modi | Rajkot West | 7 October 2001  | 22 December 2002  | 1 year, 76 days  | 10th
Maninagar | 22 December 2002  | 23 December 2007  | 5 years, 1 day  | 11th
23 December 2007  | 20 December 2012  | 4 years, 363 days  | 12th
20 December 2012  | 22 May 2014  | 1 year, 153 days  | 13th
4  |  | Anandiben Patel | Ghatlodia | 22 May 2014  | 7 August 2016  | 2 years, 77 days
5  |  | Vijay Rupani | Rajkot West | 7 August 2016  | 26 December 2017  | 1 year, 141 days
26 December 2017  | 13 September 2021  | 3 years, 261 days  | 14th
6  |  | Bhupendrabhai Patel | Ghatlodia | 13 September 2021  | 12 December 2022  | 1 year, 90 days
12 December 2022  | Incumbent | 2 years, 9 days  | 15th

### Deputy Chief Minister

[edit]

Main article: List of deputy chief ministers of Gujarat

Following is the list of the deputy chief ministers of Gujarat from Bhartiya Janta Party

Bharatiya Janata Party

No  | Portrait  | Name  | Term of Office  | Tenure  | Assembly  | Chief Minister
1  |  | Keshubhai Patel | March 1990  | 25 October 1990  | 220 days  | 8th | Chimanbhai Patel
2  |  | Nitinbhai Patel | 7 August 2016  | 11 September 2021  | 5 years, 35 days  | 14th | Vijay Rupani

### President

[edit]

Following is the list of the presidents of Gujarat from Bhartiya Janta Party

No  | Party leader  | Period  | Duration

|
|
|

| A. K. Patel | 1982  | 1985  | 3 years
| Kashiram Rana | 1993  | 1996  | 3 years
[10] | Vajubhai Vala | 1996  | 1998  | 2 years
| Rajendrasinh Rana | 1998  | 2005  | 7 years
[11] | Vajubhai Vala | 29-May-2005  | 26-Oct-2006  | 1 year, 150 days
[12] | Parshottam Rupala | 26-Oct-2006  | 01-Feb-2010  | 3 years, 98 days
[13] | R. C. Faldu | 01-Feb-2010  | 19-Feb-2016  | 6 years, 18 days
[14] | Vijay Rupani | 19-Feb-2016  | 10-Aug-2016  | 173 days
[15] | Jitu Vaghani | 10-Aug-2016  | 20-Jul-2020  | 3 years, 345 days
[16] | C. R. Patil | 20-Jul-2020  | present | 4 years, 154 days

## Electoral history

[edit]

Main article: Elections in Gujarat

### Legislative Assembly election

[edit]

Year  | Seats won  | +/-  | Voteshare (%)  | +/- (%)  | Outcome

|
|
|
|
|

Bharatiya Jana Sangh
1962 |

0 / 154

|  | 1.34%  |  1.34%  | Opposition
1967 |

1 / 168

|  1  | 1.88%  |  0.54%  | Opposition
1972 |

3 / 168

|  2  | 9.29%  |  7.41%  | Opposition
1975 |

18 / 182

|  15  | 8.82%  |  0.47%  | Government
Bharatiya Janata Party
1980 |

9 / 182

|  5  | 14.02%  |  14.02%  | Opposition
1985 |

11 / 182

|  2  | 14.96%  |  0.94%  | Opposition
1990 |

67 / 182

|  56  | 26.69%  |  11.73%  | Government
1995 |

121 / 182

|  54  | 42.51%  |  15.82  | Government
1998 |

117 / 182

|  4  | 44.81%  |  2.3%  | Government
2002 |

127 / 182

|  10  | 49.85%  |  5.04%  | Government
2007 |

117 / 182

|  10  | 49.12%  |  0.73%  | Government
2012 |

115 / 182

|  2  | 47.85%  |  1.27%  | Government
2017 |

99 / 182

|  16  | 49.05%  |  1.2%  | Government
2022 |

156 / 182

|  57  | 52.50%  |  3.45%  | Government

### Lok Sabha election

[edit]

Year  | Seats won  | +/-  | Outcome

|
|
|

Bharatiya Jana Sangh
1962 |

0 / 22

|  | Opposition
1967 |

0 / 24

|  | Opposition
1971 |

0 / 24

|  | Opposition
Bharatiya Janata Party
1980 |

0 / 26

|  | Opposition
1984 |

1 / 26

|  1  | Opposition
1989 |

12 / 26

|  11  | Outside support to National Front
1991 |

20 / 26

|  8  | Opposition
1996 |

16 / 26

|  4  | Government, later Opposition
1998 |

19 / 26

|  3  | Government
1999 |

20 / 26

|  1  | Government
2004 |

14 / 26

|  6  | Opposition
2009 |

15 / 26

|  1  | Opposition
2014 |

26 / 26

|  11  | Government
2019 |

26 / 26

|  | Government
2024 |

25 / 26

|  1  | Government

## Manifesto History

[edit]

### 2022 Manifesto

[edit]

Sources:[17][18][19][20][21]

* $1 trillion Economy and FDI: We will make Gujarat a $1 trillion economy by maintaining its pole position in manufacturing, focusing on services and investing in human and institutional capacity-building for new-age industries. We will attract ₹5 lakh crore foreign investment and make Gujarat the Defence and Aviation Manufacturing Hub of India.
* Urban Infrastructure Beautification: We will spend ₹25,000 crore under the Gujarat Urban Development Mission to transform the urban landscape with a focus on decongesting the existing cities (Satellite Townships) and increasing ease of living (Riverfront, Recreational Parks, Urban Forests, Traffic Management Systems) for citizens.
* Olympics in Gujarat: We will launch Gujarat Olympics Mission and create world-class sports infrastructure with an aim to host the Olympic Games in 2036.
* Agri Infra: We will invest ₹10,000 crore under Gujarat Krishi Infrastructure Kosh to develop a holistic system of Khedut Mandis, modern APMCs, sorting and grading units, cold chains, warehouses, primary processing centres, etc.
* Irrigration Project: We will invest ₹25,000 crore to expand the existing irrigation network through projects such as Sujalam Sufalam, SAUNI, lift irrigation projects, micro irrigation, drip irrigation and other systems across Gujarat.
* Gaushala: We will ensure holistic care for livestock by strengthening Gaushalas (additional budget of ₹500 crore), setting up 1,000 additional Mobile Veterinary Units and ensuring complete vaccination and insurance.
* Sea Food Park, corridor and Fishing Infra:We will set up 2 Sea Food Parks (one each in South Gujarat and Saurashtra), build India's first Blue Economy Industrial Corridor and strengthen fishing related infrastructure (jetties, cold supply chain and mechanisation of boats).
* Healthcare: We will double the annual cap under the Pradhan Mantri Jan Arogya Yojana (Ayushman Bharat) from ₹5 lakh to ₹10 lakh per family and ensure free-of-cost medical treatment.
* Diagnostic Scheme: We will launch the Mukhyamantri Free Diagnostic Scheme with a corpus of ₹110 crore to provide free-of-cost diagnostic services in all government health institutions and empanelled laboratories for EWS households.
* Medical Colleges: We will create a ₹10,000 crore Maharaja Shri Bhagvatsinhji Swasthya Kosh to set up 3 Civil Medicities, 2 AIIMS-grade institutions, and upgrade infrastructure at existing healthcare facilities (Hospitals, CHCs and PHCs).
* Building School of Excellence: We will convert 20,000 government schools into Schools of Excellence with a budget of ₹10,000 crore in the next 5 years.
* Upgrading School Infra: We will launch Keshavram Kashiram Shastri Higher Education Transformation Fund with a budget of ₹1,000 crore, to construct new government colleges and revamp the existing colleges and universities with state-of-the-art facilities.
* 20 lakh Jobs: We will provide 20 lakh employment opportunities to the youth of Gujarat in the next 5 years.
* 4 Industrial College: We will establish 4 Gujarat Institute of Technology (GIT) on the lines of IITs as Centres of Excellence in the areas of Green Energy, Semiconductors, FinTech, and Aerospace.
* PM Awas Yojna-House Allocation: We will ensure that every citizen in Gujarat has a pucca house and ensure 100% implementation of the Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana.
* Family Card Yojana: We will launch a Family Card Yojana, which will enable every family to avail benefits of all State Government-run welfare schemes.
* Ration: We will provide 1 litre of edible oil four times a year and 1 kg subsidised chana per month at subsidised rates through the PDS system.
* Ration Home Delivery: We will initiate mobile delivery of ration across all 56 Tribal Sub Plan Talukas.
* Tribals Development: We will spend ₹1 lakh crore under the Vanbandhu Kalyan Yojana 2.0 for the all-round socio-economic development of tribals.
* Religious Development: We will construct a Birsa Munda Adi Jati Samriddhi Corridor between Ambaji and Umergram to spur growth by connecting every tribal district's headquarters with a 4-6 lane state highway, and by constructing a tribal cultural circuit to connect Pal Dadhvaav and the Statue of Unity to Shabari Dham.
* Building Medical Colleges: We will ensure state-of-the-art healthcare facilities in tribal areas by setting up 8 medical colleges, and 10 nursing/para-medical colleges.
* Set-up 8 GIDCs: We will set up 8 GIDCs in the tribal belt to generate employment opportunities for tribal youth.
* Education: We will set up 25 Birsa Munda Gyan Shakti Residential Schools to provide the best residential schooling facilities to 75,000 meritorious students from the tribal community.
* Free Education: We will provide free-of-cost, quality education to all female students from KG to PG.
* Free E-scooters to Female: We will start Sharda Mehta Yojana to provide free two-wheelers (electric scooters) to meritorious college-going female students from financially weak households.
* Free Bus to Female: We will provide free bus travel to female senior citizens in the state.
* 1 lakh Government Jobs: We will create more than 1 lakh government jobs for women in the next 5 years.
* Shramik Credit Cards: We will introduce Shramik Credit Cards for labourers to provide them with collateral-free loans up to ₹2 lakh.
* ₹50000 to ranker: We will provide a one-time incentive grant of ₹50,000 for OBC/ST/SC/EWS students who get into a NIRF top-ranking institution in India or a top-ranking world institution for higher education.
* Uniform Civil Code: We will ensure the complete implementation of the Gujarat Uniform Civil Code Committee's recommendation.
* Anti-Radicalisation Cell: We will create an Anti-Radicalisation Cell to identify and eliminate potential threats, and sleeper cells of the terrorist organisations and anti-India forces.
* Public-Private Damage Recovery Act: We will enact the Gujarat Recovery of Damages of Public and Private Properties Act to recover damages done to public and private properties by anti-social elements during riots, violent protests, unrest, etc.
* Police Modernization: We will spend over ₹1,000 crore on Police Force modernisation to strengthen the physical infrastructure, purchasing best-in-class weapons and equipment, and building India's most robust IT infrastructure.
* Highways: We will develop the first-of-its-kind Parikrama Path of 3,000 km encircling the whole state with 4-6 lane roads/ highways by constructing a South Eastern Peripheral Highway and North Western Peripheral Highway.
* Corridors: We will develop Gujarat Link Corridors by completing the missing links and augmenting the existing highways through the East-West Corridor connecting Dahod with Porbandar and North-South Corridor connecting Palanpur to Valsad.
* Exressway: We will develop a Saurashtra Express Highway Grid to provide seamless connectivity between important economic hubs and national highways.
* Metro: We will ensure time-bound completion of Gandhinagar and Surat Metro, and kick-start work on Saurashtra (Rajkot) and Central Gujarat's (Vadodara) first metro rail service.
* Dharmic Infrastructure: We will build a Devbhumi Dwarka Corridor to establish it as western India's biggest spiritual centre, consisting of the "World’s tallest Shree Krishna statue", a 3D immersive Bhagwat Gita experience zone and a viewing gallery for the lost city of Dwarka.
* Renovate Temples: We will invest ₹1,000 crore to renovate, expand and promote temples, following the successful transformation model of Somnath, Ambaji and Pavagadh.
* Cultural: We will invest ₹2,500 crore to promote Gujarat's culture at the national and international levels by building museums, centres for performing arts, Sardar Patel Bhawan, etc.

### 2017 Manifesto

[edit]

Sources:[22][23][24]

Agri Proposals:

* Continue with the current policies for improving farm income
* To continue with Cooperative milk societies and animal welfare
* Effective implementation of law against cow slaughter

Youth Proposals:

* To open up more industrial cluster to increase Employment
* To encourage start-ups through skill development and Economic support
* Labour & remuneration policies to reflect current needs
* Along with govt policies to have results oriented employment policies
* To establish Gujarat Olympic Mission
* To create modern sports facilities and provide economic support for sports persons
* To encourage traditional sports

For Women:

* To set up a fund for women empowerment schemes
* Free higher education for women
* Healthcare facilities for women
* New women oriented policies
* To increase widow pension from time to time

Education Policy:

* To expand policies for welfare of girl child and schooling
* To expand foundational education
* To include new technological innovations in educations
* More importance to vocational education
* To better implement fee control in Private schools
* To create world class universities in the state

Healthcare:

* To provide better facilities for treatment of grave illnesses in district hospitals
* To increase availability of generic and affordable medicines
* To set up mobile clinics and 252 government diagnostic laboratories
* To free Gujarat of vector-borne diseases by 2022

Village Development:

* Cement houses for poor families
* All houses to have plumbing and toilet facilities
* To bring in waste disposal units
* Better transportation and connectivity for rural areas

Urban Development:

* Timely implementation of smart city projects
* Effective and smart traffic management systems
* Surat and Vadodhara to have metro train services
* Pipe gas connections in all houses
* AC- Bus services in major cities
* Playground facilities for children in all sectors
* Multi-level parking facilities
* Control on unlawful occupation of land

Industrial Policies:

* Policy based industrial growth
* Encouragement to Employment oriented industries
* Regulated policy for industries
* New policy for Semi-conductor and Telecommunications industries
* Government to collaborate with GIDC for global competitive industrial policies
* Better interest rates for SME lending
* To create help centres for entrepreneurs
* To ease licensing policy for Small traders via online
* Accounting services to be provided at affordable rates
* Considerable improvement in policies for co-operative societies
* Revival of closed co-operative units

Tribal Welfare:

* Effective implementation of tribal protection laws
* To create Tribal Development Board at district level
* To create registered Tribal committees
* To provide irrigation facilities in 4 lakh hectares of land in North-east tribal areas
* Special policies for Agariya communities
* Better implementation of PESA Act
* To provide land owner ship for all Tribals
* To set-up International levels tribal universities

OBC Welfare:

* To provide economic support for those in generational family businesses
* To double the grant for Thakore and Koli development corporation
* Expansion of Self-employment schemes

SC and ST Welfare:

* To create a committee for their betterment
* Easing of processes for obtaining caste certificate and BPL card
* Cement houses for everybody
* Better opportunity for education, healthcare and employment
* Creation of hawking zones for hawkers

Dalit Welfare:

* Effective protection of Dalits
* Economic support through Dr BhimRao Ambedkar Education fund
* Increase in schools
* Financial support for Dalit workers

Poor Labourers and Workers:

* 100% coverage under Suraksha Bhima Yojana
* Cement Houses for all
* Affordable healthcare
* Affordable food policies to be expanded in cities

Financially Backward Communities:

* To fund secondary and high education of students
* Financial security through Jan Dhan and PM Suraksha Bima Yojana
* New policies for holistic development of poor
* Better opportunities for employment

Ports:

* Develop ports and better marine traffic routes
* To expand RORO ferry services
* To provide financial support to communities dependent on sea
* To give financial support for Modern equipment
* To create Marine product laboratory for improvement of manufacturing

Transparent and Better Governance:

* Administrative public outreach programme
* Karm-yogi Abhiyaan for Government employees
* Online services for registration and tax payment
* Forceful implementation of Anti-liquor policies

Tourism:

* To create Sardar Patel Statue at Karmsad
* New tourism circuits
* To create yoga and medication centre in Saurashtra in association with Somnath University
* To promote Handicraft festivals
* To create memorials for great Gujarati personalities
* Better facilities for Pilgrims

Cultural Policies:

* To promote language, literature and dance forms
* To promote ras-garba and traditional art forms
* To encourage music along with literature and language
* To create and expand Art festivals
* To reserve position in Girnar authority Board for saints
* To support for religious festivals like Maha Shivratri & Lili Parikarma

Senior Citizens:

* Timely increase in old-age pension
* To provide government services at home
* Expand the Shravan tirth policy

For NRI Gujarati:

* Gujarat tour services for NRIs
* To immediately resolve issues of NRIs
* To promote Gujarati cultural activities outside India

## See also

[edit]

* Bharatiya Janata Party
* Bharatiya Janata Party, Kerala
* National Democratic Alliance
* Bharatiya Jana Sangh

## References

[edit]

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* Björn Goldstein (2015) The unconscious Indianization of 'Western' conservatism – is Indian conservatism a universal model?, Global Discourse, 5:1, 44-65, doi:10.1080/23269995.2014.946315
* Mazumdar, Surajit (2017). "Neo-Liberalism and the Rise of Right-Wing Conservatism in India". Desenvolvimento Em Debate. 5 (1): 115–131. doi:10.51861/ded.dmds.1.011. Archived from the original on 14 April 2023. Retrieved 24 April 2022 - via Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich.
* Chhibber, Pradeep. K.; Verma, Rahul (2018). Ideology and Identity: The Changing Party Systems of India. Oxford University Press. pp. 50–150. ISBN 978-0-19-062390-6. LCCN 2018001733. Archived from the original on 14 April 2023. Retrieved 2 May 2022.
2. ^ * Henrik Berglund. "Religion and Nationalism: Politics of BJP." Economic and Political Weekly 39, no. 10 (2004): 1064–70. JSTOR 4414737.
* Chhibber, Pradeep K. "State Policy, Party Politics, and the Rise of the BJP." In Democracy without Associations: Transformation of the Party System and Social Cleavages in India, 159–76. University of Michigan Press, 1999. JSTOR 10.3998/mpub.23136.12.
3. ^ * Chatterji, Angana P.; Hansen, Thomas Blom; Jaffrelot, Christophe (2019). Majoritarian State: How Hindu Nationalism Is Changing India. Oxford University Press. pp. 100–130. ISBN 978-0-19-007817-1. Archived from the original on 14 April 2023. Retrieved 8 November 2020.
* Jaffrelot, Christophe, and Cynthia Schoch. "Conclusion to Part I." In Modi's India: Hindu Nationalism and the Rise of Ethnic Democracy, 148–54. Princeton University Press, 2021. doi:10.2307/j.ctv1dc9jzx.12.
* Chhibber, Pradeep. K.; Verma, Rahul (2018). Ideology and Identity: The Changing Party Systems of India. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-062390-6. LCCN 2018001733. Archived from the original on 14 April 2023. Retrieved 2 May 2022.
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* Gopalakrishnan, Shankar (7 July 2006). "Defining, Constructing and Policing a 'New India': Relationship between Neoliberalism and Hindutva". Economic & Political Weekly. 41 (26): 2803–2813. JSTOR 4418408. Archived from the original on 17 October 2020. Retrieved 26 September 2020.
* Wilson, Kalpana; Ung Loh, Jennifer; Purewal, Navtej (July 2018). "Gender, Violence and the Neoliberal State in India" (PDF). Feminist Review. 119 (1): 1–6. doi:10.1057/s41305-018-0109-8. S2CID 149814002. Archived (PDF) from the original on 10 December 2020. Retrieved 8 November 2020.
* Mathur, Navdeep (2018). "The low politics of higher education: saffron branded neoliberalism and the assault on Indian universities". Critical Policy Studies. 12 (1): 121–125. doi:10.1080/19460171.2017.1403343. S2CID 148842457.
5. ^ * McDonnell, Duncan; Cabrera, Luis (2019). "The right-wing populism of India's Bharatiya Janata Party (and why comparativists should care)". Democratization. 26 (3): 484–501. doi:10.1080/13510347.2018.1551885. S2CID 149464986.
* Özçelik, Ezgi (2019). Right-wing Populist Governments Rhetorical Framing of Economic Inequality : the Cases of BJP in India and AKP in Turkey. Koç University.
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15. ^ "Jitu Vaghani appointed as the BJP State President for Gujarat". Financialexpress. 10 August 2016.
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17. ^ "BJP announces 'Sankalp Patra' Manifesto for Gujarat Elections 2022". DeshGujarat. 26 November 2022. Retrieved 30 November 2022.
18. ^ Bureau, ABP News (26 November 2022). "BJP's Manifesto For Gujarat Polls Promises Anti-Radicalisation Cell, Law For Property Damage". news.abplive.com. Retrieved 30 November 2022. `{{cite web}}`: `|last=` has generic name (help)
19. ^ "In Gujarat, BJP promises 20 lakh jobs, Uniform Civil Code implementation". Hindustan Times. 26 November 2022. Retrieved 30 November 2022.
20. ^ "BJP Manifesto For Gujarat : 5 साल में 20 लाख रोजगार, लड़कियों को मुफ्त इलेक्ट्रिक स्कूटी; गुजरात चुनाव के लिए BJP का घोषणापत्र जारी". Hindustan (in Hindi). Retrieved 30 November 2022.
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24. ^ "Gujarat elections 2017: BJP manifesto promises loans, funds for farmers, Kolis, Thakors". The Indian Express. 9 December 2017. Retrieved 22 December 2022.

### Cited sources

[edit]

* Malik, Yogendra K.; Singh, V.B. (April 1992). "Bharatiya Janata Party: An Alternative to the Congress (I)?". Asian Survey. 32 (4): 318–336. doi:10.2307/2645149. JSTOR 2645149.
* Banerjee, Sumanta (22 July 2005). "Civilising the BJP". Economic & Political Weekly. 40 (29): 3116–3119. JSTOR 4416896.
* Halarnkar, Samar (13 June 2012). "Narendra Modi makes his move". BBC News. "The right-wing Hindu nationalist Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP), India's primary opposition party"