Bhuvanaikabahu VI of Kotte

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Bhuvanaikabahu VI of Kotte

King of Kotte
Reign| 1469-1477
Predecessor| Jayabahu II
Successor| Parakramabahu VII
Chieftain of Jaffna of Kingdom of Kotte
Reign| 1450-1467
Predecessor| New office
Kanakasooriya Cinkaiariyan (as king of Jaffna)
Successor| office abolished
Kanakasooriya Cinkaiariyan (as king of Jaffna)

Spouse| Queen Consort Dhana Manike from Ambalanthota royal family
Issue| Parakramabahu VII
| Names

Champaka Perumal Sapumal Bandara
House| House of Siri Sanga Bo
Father| King Parakramabahu VI - adopted father

Lord Panikal Prathiraja - father
Mother| Queen Consort Swarnamanikya Kirawelle - adopted mother

Princess Swarnawathi Kirawelle - mother
Religion| Theravāda Buddhism

Bhuvanekabahu VI of Kotte (Sinhala: සපුමල් කුමාරයා, romanized: Sapumal Kumārayā, Tamil: செண்பகப் பெருமாள், romanized: Ceṇpaka Perumāḷ), also known as Sapumal Kumaraya and Chempaka Perumal, was an adopted son of Parakramabahu VI, whose principal achievement was the conquest of Jaffna Kingdom in 1447 or 1450.[1] Bhuvanaikabahu was apparently summoned south after the demise of his adopted father. He then ruled for 17 years. According to Rajavaliya, he killed the grandson of Parakrama Bahu VI, namely Vira Parakrama Bahu or Jaya Bahu (1468 – c. 1470).

Do Couto,[clarification needed] however, who was well-informed, says after a few years' reign the king died and his half-witted son was put on the throne by his aunt, who two years later finding herself unable to rule sent for Sapumal Kumaraya from Jaffna.[2][3][4]

## Origin theories[edit]

There are number of theories as to his ethnic origin and the reason for the rebellion against his rule. According to John Holt, he was an ethnic Tamil from the eastern part of the island, whereas other sources say that he may have come from the Malabar region, Tulunadu or the Coromandel Coast.[5]

He has also been identified as adopted by Parakramabahu VI after the death of his father Manikka Thalaivan, a Karaiyar chief, who was killed in a battle mentioned in the manuscript Mukkara Hatana.[6][7][8]

He is credited with building the Nallur Kandaswamy temple in Jaffna as well as other temples and Buddhist vihares in the south. The rebellion against him is seen as a reflection of ethnic Sinhalese identity against a perceived outsider.[3][4][5]

## Conquest of Jaffna[edit]

The conquest of the Jaffna kingdom took place in many stages. First, the tributaries to Jaffna in the Vanni area, the Vanniar chieftains of the Vannimai, were neutralised. Two successive invasions followed. The first invasion did not succeed in capturing the kingdom. The second invasion in 1450 eventually did. Apparently connected with this war of conquest was an expedition to Adriampet in modern South India, occasioned, according to Valentyn,[clarification needed] by the seizure of a Lankan ship laden with cinnamon. The Tenkasi inscription of Arikesari Parakrama Pandya of Tinnevelly "who saw the backs of kings at Singai, Anurai", and elsewhere, may refer to these wars; it is dated between A.D. 1449–50 and 1453–4.[9] Kanakasooriya Cinkaiariyan the  Aryacakravarti king fled to South India with his family.

This victory seemed to have left a very important impression on the Sinhalese literati and political leaders.[citation needed] The glory of Sapumal Kumaraya is sung in the Kokila Sandesaya (Message carried by Kokila bird), written in the fifteenth century by the Principal Thera of the Irugalkula Tilaka Pirivena in Mulgirigala. The book contains a contemporary description of the country traversed on the road by the cookoo bird from Devi Nuwara (City of Gods) in the south to Nallur (Beautiful City) in the north.[10][5]

> "Beloved Kokila, wing the way to Yapa Patuna ( or present day Jaffna). Our Prince Sapumal has driven away from there King Arya Chakravarti, and has established himself in war-like might. To him, I offer this message"

> "Arya Chakravarti beheld his glory, dazzling as the glory of the sun. He beheld his might which was poised throughout the eighteen ratas. Thereupon grief entered into his heart, he abandoned his realm and fled beyond the sea".

The return of the prince to Kotte was sung by the poet, Sri Rahula Thera of Totagomuva in the Selalihini Sandesaya (Message carried by the Selalihini bird) thus:

> "Dear one, behold, here comes Prince Sapumal, the conqueror of Yapa Patuna [Jaffna].[2][11]

He is known as Chempaha Perumal as well as Ariavettaiadum Perumal in Tamil sources.[1]

## Ascension to the Kotte throne[edit]

Sapumal Kumaraya ascended the Kotte throne under the name of Bhuvanaika Bahu VI. (c. A.D. 1472–1480 at least). According to Rajaveliya, having heard that Jayabahu (1467-1472 AD) had ascended to the throne, Sapumal arrived from Jaffna, killed Jayabahu, and took the throne. An embassy arrived from Pegu for the purpose of obtaining the priestly succession from Lanka in 1476, at a moment when a serious rebellion had broken out. In the chronicles this king is given a reign of seven years from his coronation, but the Dedigama inscription is dated in his ninth year. According to E.W. Codrington, this period was from 1472 to 1480 AD. He was succeeded by his son Pandita Parakrama Bahu VII.[2]

## See also[edit]

* Mahavamsa
* List of monarchs of Sri Lanka
* History of Sri Lanka

## Notes[edit]

1. ^ a b Gnanaprakasar, S A critical history of Jaffna, p.103
2. ^ a b c "The Kotte Dynasty and its Portuguese allies". Humphry Coddrington. Archived from the original on 10 December 2007. Retrieved 3 January 2008.
3. ^ a b Peebles, Patrick (2006). History of Sri Lanka. ISBN 9780313332050. `{{cite book}}`: `|work=` ignored (help)
4. ^ a b Holt, John Clifford (31 January 1991). Buddha in the Crown: Avalokitesvara in the Buddhist. ISBN 9780195362466. `{{cite book}}`: `|work=` ignored (help)
5. ^ a b c "Portuguese encounter with King of Kotte in 1517". Denis N. Fernando. Archived from the original on 20 November 2015. Retrieved 15 October 2015.
6. ^ A. Sebastian, A Complete Illustrated History of Sri Lanka. Vijitha Yapa Publications, 2012. p 397. ISBN 9789556651492
7. ^ "Sapumal Kumaraya and Puran Appu - Later avatars of Prince Aba?". www.srilankaguardian.org. Retrieved 5 March 2017.
8. ^ Fernando, A. Denis N. "Dona Catherina was the direct heiress by virtue of her heredity". Info Lanka.
9. ^ Humphrey William Codrington, A Short History of Ceylon Ayer Publishing, 1970; ISBN 0-8369-5596-X
10. ^ The fifteenth century route to Yapa Patuna Archived 20 November 2015 at the Wayback Machine, Padma EDIRISINGHE (Sunday Observer) Retrieved 20 November 2015
11. ^ "Buddhist Jaffna". Archived from the original on 19 July 2011. Retrieved 4 January 2008.

## References[edit]

* Gnanaprakasar, Swamy (2003). A Critical History of Jaffna. New Delhi: Asian Educational Services. p. 122\. ISBN 81-206-1686-3.
* Holt, John Clifford (1991). Buddha in the Crown: Avalokitesvara in the Buddhist Traditions of Sri Lanka. Oxford University Press. p. 304\. ISBN 0-19-506418-6.
* Peebles, Patrick (2006). The History of Sri Lanka. USA: Greenwood Press. p. 248\. ISBN 0-313-33205-3.

Preceded by

Kanakasooriya Singaiariyan

|  Jaffna Kingdom
1450–1467  | Succeeded by

Kanakasooriya Singaiariyan

|
|

Preceded by

Parakrama Bahu VI

|  Kotte Kingdom
1472–1480  | Succeeded by

Pandita Parakrama Bahu VII

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House of Vijayabahu (1055–1187), (1197–1200)
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* Vijayabahu I (1055–1110)
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House of Siri Sanga Bo (1220–1505)|

* Vijayabahu III (1220-34)
* Parakramabahu II (1234-70)
* Vijayabahu IV (1270-72)
* Bhuvanaikabahu I (1272-84)
* Interregnum (1285-86)
* Parakramabahu III (1287-93)
* Bhuvanaikabahu II (1293-1302)
* Parakramabahu IV (1302-26)
* Bhuvanaikabahu III (1326-35)
* Vijayabahu V (1335-41)
* Bhuvanaikabahu IV (1341-51)
* Parakramabahu V (1344-59)
* Vikramabahu III (1357-74)
* Bhuvanaikabahu V (1371-1408)
* Vira Bahu II (1391/92-1397)
* Vijayabahu VI (1397-1409)
* Parakramabahu Epa (1409-12)
* Parakramabahu VI (1411-66)
* Jayabahu II (1466-69)
* Bhuvanaikabahu VI (1469-77)
* Parakramabahu VII (1477)
* Parakramabahu VIII (1477-89)
* Parakramabahu IX (1489-1505)
* Parakramabahu IX (1505-13)
* Vijayabahu VII (1513-21)
* Bhuvanaikabahu VII (1521-51)
* Dharmapala (1551-97)

* of Sitawaka: Mayadunne (1521-81)
* Rajasinha I (1581-93)
* Rajasuriya (1593-94)

Kandyan period
House of Dinajara (1591–1739)
Nayaks of Kandy (1739–1815)|

* Vimaladharmasuriya I (1591-1604)
* Senarat (1604-35)
* Rajasinha II (1635-87)
* Vimaladharmasuriya II (1687-1707)
* Vira Narendra Sinha (1707-39)
* Sri Vijaya Rajasinha (1739-47)
* Kirti Sri Rajasinha (1747-82)
* Sri Rajadhi Rajasinha (1782-98)
* Sri Vikrama Rajasinha (1798-1815)

Italics indicate regent.

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Monarchs of the Jaffna kingdom

Eastern Ganga dynasty
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Tambralinga
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* Chandrabhanu (1255-62)
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Aryacakravarti dynasty
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* Kulasekara Cinkaiariyan (1277–84)
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House of Siri Sanga Bo
(1450–67)|

* Bhuvanekabahu VI

Aryacakravarti dynasty
(1467–1619)|

* Kanakasooriya Cinkaiariyan (1467–78)
* Singai Pararasasegaram (1478–1519)
* Cankili I (1519–61)
* Puviraja Pandaram (1561–1565)
* Periyapillai (1565–82)
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* Puviraja Pandaram (1582–91)
* Ethirimana Cinkam (1591–1616)
* Cankili II (1617–19)

Portuguese puppet
(1619–24)|

* Don Constantine (1619–24)

* v
* t
* e

House of Siri Sanga Bo

(1220-1597)

Kingdom of Dambadeniya
(1220–1345)|

* Vijayabahu III (1220–1224)
* Parakkamabahu II (1234–1269)
* Vijayabahu IV (1267/8–1270)
* Bhuvanaikabahu I (1271–1283)
* Interregnum (1283–1302)
* Parakkamabahu III (1302–1310)
* Bhuvanaikabahu II (1310–1325/6)
* Parakkamabahu IV (1325/6–1325/6)
* Bhuvanaikabahu III (1325/6–1325/6)
* Vijayabahu V (1325/6–1344/5)

Kingdom of Gampola
(1345–1412)|

* Bhuvanaikabahu IV (1344/5-1353/4)
* Parakkamabahu V (1344/5-1359)
* Vikramabahu III (1357-1374)
* Bhuvanaikabahu V (1372/3-1391/2)
* Vira Bahu II (1391/2-1397)
* Son of Vira Bahu II (1397)
* Son of Vira Bahu II (1397)
* Vira Alakesvara (1397-1409)
* Parakrama Bahu Epa (1409-1412)

Kingdom of Kotte
(1412–1597)|

* Parakramabahu VI (1412-1467)
* Jayabahu II (1467-1472)
* Bhuvanekabahu VI (1472-1480)
* Parakramabahu VII (1480-1484)
* Parakramabahu VIII (1484-1518)
* Dharma Parakramabahu IX (1509-1528)
* Vijayabahu VII (1509-1521)
* Bhuvanekabahu VII (1521-1551)
* Dharmapala (1551-1597)

Kingdom of Sitawaka
(1521–1593)|

* Mayadunne (1521-1581)
* Rajasinha I (1581-1593)

Kingdom of Kandy
(1473-1592)|

* Sena Sammatha Wickramabahu (1473–1511)
* Jayaweera Astana (1511–1551)
* Karaliyadde Bandara (1551–1581)
* Dona Catherina (1581–1581)
* Rajasinha I (1581–1591)

Monarchs of Kandy were only regional rulers
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