Birmingham Book Club

John Freeth and his Circle or Birmingham Men of the Last Century \- members of the Birmingham Book Club pictured in 1792 by John Eckstein.

The Birmingham Book Club, known to its opponents during the 1790s as the Jacobin Club due to its political radicalism,[1] and at times also as the Twelve Apostles,[2] was a book club and debating society based in Birmingham, England from the 18th to the 20th century. During the 18th century Midlands Enlightenment, the Radical and Unitarian allegiance of its members give it a national significance.[3]

Little is known of the club's origins, but surviving records suggest that it was in existence by 1745.[4] The club met at Freeth's Coffee House at the Leicester Arms on the corner of Bell Street and Lease Lane in Birmingham from at least 1758.[5] John Freeth announced club dinners to its members with rhyming invitations.[6] 24 members were listed in 1775.[4] Liberal and radical, as much concerned with politics as with books,[4] the club formed a focus for local support for John Wilkes between 1768 and 1774,[7] and for opposition to the Ministry of Lord North during the 1770s and 1780s.[8]

The society held an annual sale of its books,[4] and its members provided the nucleus of subscribers to the Birmingham Library which was founded in 1779.[9]

The club was still in existence, with twelve members, in 1964.[10]

## References

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1. ^ Willes, Margaret (2008), Reading matters: five centuries of discovering books, New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, p. 139, ISBN 978-0-300-12729-4, retrieved 22 January 2011
2. ^ Horden, John (1993), John Freeth (1731-1808): political ballad-writer and innkeeper, Oxford: Leopard's Head, p. 25, ISBN 0-904920-19-4
3. ^ Kaufman 1964, p. 18
4. ^ a b c d Kaufman 1964, p. 17
5. ^ Money 1977, p. 103
6. ^ Money 1977, p. 104
7. ^ Money 1977, pp. 104, 107
8. ^ Money 1977, pp. 103–104
9. ^ Money, John (2004), "Science, Technology and Dissent in English Provincial Culture: From Newtonian Transformation to Agnostic Incarnation", in Wood, Paul (ed.), Science and dissent in England, 1688-1945, Farnham: Ashgate Publishing, p. 85, ISBN 0-7546-3718-2, retrieved 23 January 2011
10. ^ Kaufman 1964, pp. 16–17

## Bibliography

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* Kaufman, Paul (1964), "English Book Clubs and Their Role in Social History", Libri - International Journal of Libraries and Information Services, 14 (1): 1–31, doi:10.1515/libr.1964.14.1.1, ISSN 0024-2667, S2CID 1454641791-31&rft.date=1964&rft_id=https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:145464179#id-name=S2CID&rft.issn=0024-2667&rft_id=info:doi/10.1515/libr.1964.14.1.1&rft.aulast=Kaufman&rft.aufirst=Paul&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Birmingham+Book+Club" class="Z3988">
* Money, John (1977), Experience and identity: Birmingham and the West Midlands, 1760-1800, Manchester University Press, ISBN 0-7190-0672-4, retrieved 16 June 2009