Bitmain

Chinese software and hardware company

Bitmain Technologies Ltd.

Company type| Private
Industry| Cryptocurrency
Founded| 2013
Founder| Micree Zhan, Jihan Wu
Headquarters|

Beijing, China

Area served

| Worldwide
Brands| AntMiner, AntPool, Hashnest
Website| www.bitmain.com

Bitmain Technologies Ltd., is a privately owned company headquartered in Beijing, China, that designs application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) chips for bitcoin mining.

## History

[edit]

It was founded by Micree Zhan and Jihan Wu in 2013. Prior to founding Bitmain, Zhan was running DivaIP, a startup that allowed users to stream television to a computer screen via a set-top box, and Wu was a financial analyst and private equity fund manager.[1]

By 2018 it had become the world's largest designer of application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) chips for bitcoin mining.[2] The company also operates BTC.com and Antpool, historically two of the largest mining pools for bitcoin.[3] In an effort to boost Bitcoin Cash (BCH) prices, Antpool "burned" 12% of the BCH they mined by sending them to irrecoverable addresses.[4] Bitmain was reportedly profitable in early 2018,[5] with a net profit of $742.7 million in the first half of 2018,[6] and negative operating cash flow.[2] TechCrunch reported that unsold inventory ballooned to one billion dollars in the second quarter of 2018.[7] Bitmain's first product was the Antminer S1 which is an ASIC bitcoin miner making 180 gigahashes per second (GH/s) while using 80–200 watts of power.[8] Bitmain as of 2018 had 11 mining farms operating in China.[7] Bitmain was involved in the 2018 Bitcoin Cash split, siding with Bitcoin Cash ABC alongside Roger Ver.[9] In December 2018 the company laid off about half of its 3000 staff.[10] The company has since closed its offices in Israel and the Netherlands, while significantly downsizing its Texas mining operation.[10] In February 2019, Bitmain had lost "about $500 million" in the third quarter of 2018.[11] Bitmain issued a statement saying "the rumors are not true and we will make announcements in due course."[12]

In June 2021, suspended spot delivery of sales of machines globally aiming to support local prices following Beijing's crackdown.[13]

## Bitmain's attempts at initial public offering

[edit]

In June 2018, Wu told Bloomberg that Bitmain was considering an IPO, to give early investors a chance to cash out.[14] The company completed its $1 billion pre-IPO registration with the Hong Kong Stock Exchange in August,[15][16] and filed for IPO in September.[6][2]

Bitmain Technologies filed for IPO on 26 September 2018 with the Hong Kong regulatory agency and released their first public financial statement at a time where bitcoin prices had dropped 65% from December 2017. The price drop had hurt mining hardware sales that accounted for 96% of the company's revenue.[17][18] Bitmain will use a dual class share structure. In Bitmain's case, this means the share held by company's founders would count as 10 votes.[18]

On 26 March 2019, Bitmain's application for a Hong Kong initial public offering lapsed, six months after it was filed, as investors were reportedly concerned about the fall in bitcoin's value.[19] The company issued a statement saying it would "restart the listing application work at an appropriate time in the future." Bitmain also announced that Haichao Wang would serve as its new CEO, while co-founders Micree Zhan and Jihan Wu will continue as directors.[20]

According to a Tencent News Report, after Bitmain's failed IPO attempt in Hong Kong, Bitmain filed an application in the United States seeking to go public again.[21]

## Controversies

[edit]

In 2015, Bitmain was involved in Hong Kong's first cryptocurrency-related litigation in the High Court (High Court Action No. HCA 1980 of 2015) when Bitmain sued one of the world's leading bitcoin trading platforms at the time. Bitmain accused the trading platform of "negligence and/or security issues".[22] At the commencement of proceedings, Bitmain's claim amount was around RMB 700,000. Bitmain's claim was later contested after it was revealed during the course of the litigation that serious issues of cyber-security neglect may have occurred on Bitmain's side when the transaction had been undertaken by Bitmain's staff (e.g. leaving on the auto-fill function while inputting wallet addresses, use of unsecured private networks, use of PRC banned software while conducting the transaction in PRC). The mining giant's claim ultimately failed and was discontinued after Bitmain suffered a series of interlocutory defeats (where its earlier default judgment was overturned and was even ordered to pay security for costs). As part of the terms of discontinuance, Bitmain was ordered to pay the trading platform's legal fees. The total legal fees that Bitmain had to pay the trading platform totaled over HK$1.3 Million, nearly double that of the initial claim amount.[citation needed]

In 2017, Bitmain sued Zuoxing Yang, a former Bitmain chip design director who left Bitmain to launch Bitewei over patent rights infringements. In 2018, Yang's legal team successfully appealed to a court in China to have the patent revoked, after which Bitmain's case was dismissed.[citation needed]

In 2018, a class action lawsuit of US$5 million was commenced by Los Angeles County resident Gor Gevorkyan against Bitmain where it was alleged that Bitmain mined cryptocurrency for its own benefit on its customers’ devices.[23] It was alleged by the Plaintiffs in this case that Bitmain is benefiting—without authorization—from the lengthy "initialization" period that its ASIC [Application-Specific Integrated Circuit] devices need for set up: "Until the complicated and time-consuming initialization procedures are completed, Bitmain's ASIC [Application-Specific Integrated Circuit] devices are preconfigured to use its customers’ electricity to generate cryptocurrency for the benefit of Bitmain rather than its customers."[citation needed]

In 2018, Bitmain was involved in another legal dispute against a Labrador mining farm.[24] Bitmain Technologies sued Great North Data alleging problems from the start of the agreement between the two companies. Bitmain develops and produces miners where it operates some of its hardware out of third-party "mining farms". Great North Data provides space to companies like Bitmain to install and run their bitcoin mining equipment.[25]

In or about November 2019, the ousted co-founder of Bitmain, Micree Zhan, filed multiple lawsuits in the Cayman Islands and China against various entities of Bitmain in a bid to regain control of Bitmain. The lawsuit in China was accompanied by an asset-protection petition during which the PRC Court sided with Zhan to freeze 36 percent of Fujian Zhanhua's 10 million yuan incorporated shares owned by Bitmain, worth 3.6 million yuan, or $500,000.[26] This case highlighted what appears to be an ongoing power struggle between the two founders for control of Bitmain.[27]

### U.S. sanctions

[edit]

Further information: United States sanctions against China

In January 2025, the United States Department of Commerce placed a Bitmain subsidiary, Sophgo, on its Entity List following reports that a TSMC-made chip was illegally incorporated into a Huawei artificial intelligence processor.[28]

## References

[edit]

1. ^ Wong, Joon Ian. "China's Bitmain dominates bitcoin mining. Now it wants to cash in on artificial intelligence". Quartz. Archived from the original on 5 December 2017. Retrieved 4 December 2017.
2. ^ a b c Lucas, Louise (27 September 2018). "China's crypto mining rig-maker Bitmain plans Hong Kong listing". Financial Times. Archived from the original on 27 September 2018. Retrieved 27 September 2018.
3. ^ "Chinese bitcoin mining giant Bitmain had revenues of $2.8 billion in the first half of the year". Business Insider. Archived from the original on 7 November 2018. Retrieved 7 November 2018.
4. ^ "Why a Cryptocurrency Mining Giant Is Burning Money in a 'Black Hole'". Motherboard. 20 April 2018. Archived from the original on 7 November 2018. Retrieved 7 November 2018.
5. ^ Cheng, Evelyn (23 February 2018). "Secretive Chinese bitcoin mining company may have made as much money as Nvidia last year". CNBC. Archived from the original on 29 April 2018. Retrieved 30 April 2018.
6. ^ a b Hu, Bailey (27 September 2018). "Bitmain files for IPO in Hong Kong". TechNode. Archived from the original on 27 September 2018. Retrieved 27 September 2018.
7. ^ a b Yang, Joyce (October 2018). "Bitmain IPO concerns: the crypto giant recorded a big loss in Q2 2018". Techcrunch. Archived from the original on 8 November 2018. Retrieved 8 November 2018.
8. ^ "MANIC MINERS: Ten Bitcoin generating machines". Archived from the original on 14 June 2017. Retrieved 6 November 2018.
9. ^ Kharif, Olga (17 November 2018). "Bitcoin Cash Clash Is Costing Billions With No End in Sight". Bloomberg. Archived from the original on 17 November 2018. Retrieved 18 November 2018.
10. ^ a b Roberts, John Jeff (15 October 2019). "Texas Bitcoin Mining Startup Gets $50 Million From Peter Thiel to Steal China's Crypto Crown". Fortune. Archived from the original on 15 October 2019. Retrieved 16 October 2019.
11. ^ "Bitmain E9 - Bitmain Antminer E9". bitmaine9.com. 29 August 2021. Retrieved 2 September 2021.
12. ^ Ji, Qian. "比特大陆回应2018年Q3财报亏损约5亿美元:传闻不实_财经网 - CAIJING.COM.CN". m.caijing.com.cn. Archived from the original on 25 February 2019. Retrieved 25 February 2019.
13. ^ "World's top Bitcoin mining-rig maker halts sales as clients flee". The Seattle Times. 23 June 2021. Retrieved 2 September 2021.
14. ^ Schmidt, Blake (7 June 2018). "Crypto's 32-Year-Old Billionaire Mining King Considers an IPO". Bloomberg. Archived from the original on 28 September 2018. Retrieved 28 September 2018.
15. ^ Ambler, Pamela. "All You Need To Know About Crypto Mining Phenom Bitmain". Forbes. Retrieved 2 September 2021.
16. ^ Zhao, Runhua (13 August 2018). "World's largest bitcoin mining company Bitmain plans an IPO greater than Facebook's". TechNode. Archived from the original on 13 August 2018. Retrieved 13 August 2018.
17. ^ Patterson, Michael (26 September 2018). "The World's Biggest Crypto Company Just Opened the Books for Its IPO". www.bloomberg.com. Archived from the original on 29 October 2018. Retrieved 21 October 2018.
18. ^ a b John, Alun. "Cryptocurrency giant Bitmain chooses Hong Kong for IPO". U.S. Archived from the original on 21 October 2018. Retrieved 21 October 2018.
19. ^ Lucas, Louise (26 March 2019). "Plans for world's largest cryptocurrency IPO shelved". Financial Times. Archived from the original on 27 March 2019. Retrieved 27 March 2019.
20. ^ Fioretti, Julia (26 March 2019). "Cryptocurrency miner Bitmain lets Hong Kong IPO application lapse". Reuters. Archived from the original on 27 March 2019. Retrieved 27 March 2019.
21. ^ "潜望｜比特大陆"政变"始末：吴忌寒获股东力挺 詹克团已激起民愤_腾讯新闻". new.qq.com. 30 October 2019. Archived from the original on 18 May 2020. Retrieved 17 March 2020.
22. ^ WK To & Co, WK To & Co (16 March 2018). "Matt Tsang - Solicitor - Professional Highlight" (PDF). WK To - Our People. Archived (PDF) from the original on 25 February 2021. Retrieved 16 March 2020.
23. ^ "Bitmain Class Action | Bitcoin | Class Action". Scribd. Archived from the original on 11 November 2020. Retrieved 17 March 2020.
24. ^ Antle, Rob. "Legal dispute pits Labrador data center against Chinese bitcoin mining equipment supplier". CBC News.
25. ^ Antle, Rob (27 April 2017). "Legal dispute pits Labrador data centre against Chinese bitcoin mining equipment supplier". cbc.ca. Retrieved 1 May 2022.
26. ^ "Chinese courts freeze Bitmain assets worth over $1 million · TechNode". TechNode. 17 December 2019. Archived from the original on 5 March 2020. Retrieved 18 March 2020.
27. ^ Zhao, Wolfie (11 June 2020). "Bitmain's Power Struggle Takes Toll on Customers as Co-Founder Halts Shipments". Nasdaq.com. Retrieved 1 May 2022.
28. ^ Freifeld, Karen (15 January 2025). "US blacklists company that ordered TSMC chip found in Huawei processor". Reuters. Retrieved 15 January 2025.

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