Black Birds (film)

This article is about the 1967 film. For other films with similar titles, see Blackbird.

1967 Yugoslavia film

Black Birds

Crne ptice
Directed by| Eduard Galić[1]
Written by| Eduard Galić
Grga Gamulin
Zoran Tadic
Story by| Grgo Gamulin[2]
Starring| Vojislav Miric
Fabijan Sovagovic
Ivan Subic
Cinematography| Mile de Gleria[1]
Edited by| Boris Tešija[1]
Music by| Anđelko Klobučar[1]
Distributed by| Viba Film[2]

Release date

* July 18, 1967 (1967-07-18) (Yugoslavia)[1]

Running time

| 92 minutes[1]
Country| Yugoslavia
Language| Serbo-Croatian

Black Birds (Crne ptice) is a 1967 Yugoslavian war drama film directed by Eduard Galić [hr].

The original idea and script were by Grgo Gamulin. Zoran Tadić was the scenario assistant. The original music was composed by Anđelko Klobučar. The cinematography was by Mile de Gleria. The film editing was by Boris Tešija. The production design was by Branko Hundić.[1]

## Plot

[edit]

The film is a story about a group of prisoners in the Ustasha-run Stara Gradiška concentration camp that takes place during the final days of World War II. The Ustashas plan to transport the prisoners to a bridge, which they will blow up. At the same time, Partisan troops are closing in on the camp, and the prisoners themselves are hatching a plot to save their lives...[1][2]

## Cast

[edit]

* Voja Mirić
* Fabijan Šovagović
* Ivan Šubić
* Ivo Serdar
* Vanja Drach
* Rade Šerbedžija (uncredited)
* Relja Bašić
* Iva Marjanović
* Ivica Katić
* Ratko Buljan
* Pavle Bogdanović
* Nikola Gec
* Antun Vrdoljak
* Špiro Guberina
* Uglješa Kojadinović

## Background and production

[edit]

By the time Eduard Galić set out to direct Black Birds, his debut feature film, he was already an established television director and an author of award-winning documentaries. He developed an interest in a screenplay written by Grgo Gamulin, Galić's former father-in-law, that drew heavily on his personal experiences in World War II. As a long-time leftist, Gamulin spent the entire war imprisoned by the regime of the Independent State of Croatia. Facing the threat of imminent execution, on 17 April 1945 he managed to escape from the train transporting the prisoners from Lepoglava to Stara Gradiška.[2][3]

Galić secured funding for the film and, after negotiations with Jadran Film fell through, he and Fadil Hadžić founded Most, an independent production collective. The arrangements were made to produce Black Birds and Hadžić's Protest in partnership with Viba Film [sl], a Slovene production company.[2]

Galić's work on the screenplay created a conflict with Gamulin. While the Gamulin's original work was a straightforward action drama, Galić preferred the then highly influential auteur film. Together with Zoran Tadić, the assistant director, and Petar Krelja, Galić developed a new outline of the film in which three central characters were a psalm-quoting Ustasha lieutenant (Šovagović), an engineer tasked with blowing up the bridge (Mirić), and an enigmatic prisoner (Šerbedžija, in his first major film role). Gamulin felt that the new version of the screenplay had nothing to do with his original, and asked for his name to be removed from the credits. In the end, Gamulin was credited for the story, while the screenplay credits were omitted entirely.[2]

## Reception

[edit]

In its premiere, Black Birds was relegated to the out-of-competition section of the 1967 Pula Film Festival, and received very little attention.[1][2] The film's release coincided with the creative zenith of Yugoslav modernist cinema, and it was largely overshadowed by other entries that included Aleksandar Petrović's I Even Met Happy Gypsies, Puriša Đorđević's The Morning, and Ante Babaja's The Birch Tree.[1][4] Galić was disappointed by his film's failure, and the only modest consolation for him was an extra fee that he received due to Black Birds being distributed in the Soviet Union.[2] Reminiscing in 2019 on his personal feelings towards the film, Galić described them as a "love-and-hate relationship", since he had felt its exclusion from the Pula Film Festival as a "big blow" and a threat to his career.[5]

The film was virtually forgotten until it was screened at the 2010 Subversive Festival in Zagreb. On this occasion, the Croatian film critic Nenad Polimac called Black Birds "the most interesting discovery of the festival" and a "sensation", praising its visual qualities and expressiveness.[2] Other Croatian critics shared this view: Damir Radić described the film as a "masterful amalgamation of art and genre", while Tomislav Šakić noted it is "possibly the best [directorial] debut in the history of Croatian cinema".[4]

In 2012, the film was digitally restored by the Croatian and Slovene Film Archives.[6]

## References

[edit]

1. ^ a b c d e f g h i j "Crne ptice". Baza HR kinematografije (in Croatian). Croatian Film Association. Retrieved 12 April 2019.
2. ^ a b c d e f g h i Polimac, Nenad (14 May 2010). "'Crne ptice': Nepoznati film Ede Galića o ustašama senzacija na SFF-u". Jutarnji list (in Croatian). Retrieved 11 November 2014.
3. ^ Maroević, Tonko. "Grgo Gamulin". matica.hr (in Croatian). Matica hrvatska. Retrieved 11 November 2014.
4. ^ a b "Crne ptice Eduarda Galića".
5. ^ "Eduard Galić: Zašto publika loše prihvaća domaći film? Zato što hrvatski filmaši zaboravljaju da rade za publiku". Slobodna Dalmacija (in Croatian). 13 February 2019. Retrieved 26 April 2019.
6. ^ "Dani Slovenskog filmskog arhiva u Zagrebu - Carmen Lhotka". kinotuskanac.hr (in Croatian). Croatian Film Association. 14 October 2013. Retrieved 10 April 2017.

## External links

[edit]

* Black Birds at IMDb
* Black Birds at AllMovie

* v
* t
* e

Genocide of Serbs in the Independent State of Croatia

Background|

* Demographics of Croatia
* Serbs of Croatia
* Serbs of Bosnia and Herzegovina
* Serbs in Vojvodina

Prelude|

* Anti-Serb sentiment
* Nazi racial policy
* Invasion of Yugoslavia
* Ustaše
* Ustaše Militia
* The Holocaust in the Independent State of Croatia
* Greater Croatia
* Croatisation
* Persecution of Eastern Orthodox Christians
* Catholic clergy involvement with the Ustaše
* Croatian Orthodox Church

Concentration camps|

* Jasenovac
* list of prisoners
* Stara Gradiška
* Đakovo
* Sisak
* Gospić
* Jadovno
* Lepoglava
* Danica
* Lobor
* Kerestinec
* Jastrebarsko
* Slana
* Kruščica
* Sajmište
* Gornja Rijeka

Massacres|

* Banski Grabovac
* Banja Luka
* Garavice
* Glina
* Rašića Gaj
* Gudovac
* Blagaj
* Voćin
* Prebilovci
* Gacko
* Pridvorica
* Ivanci
* Voćin
* Sarajevo (Villa Luburić)
* Kozara
* Syrmia

Perpetrators|

* Ante Pavelić
* Mile Budak
* Julije Makanec
* Nikola Mandić
* Ademaga Mešić
* Džafer Kulenović
* Andrija Artuković
* Mladen Lorković
* Slavko Kvaternik
* Antun Najžer
* Petar Brzica
* Miroslav Filipović
* Vjekoslav Luburić
* Ivica Matković
* Ljubo Miloš
* Ante Vrban
* Ivo Rojnica
* Dinko Šakić
* Dido Kvaternik
* Jure Francetić
* Alija Šuljak
* Viktor Gutić
* Miroslav Matijević

Notable victims|

* Jovo Bećir
* Špiro Bocarić
* Đorđe Bogić
* Milan Butozan
* Nada Dimić
* Branko Dobrosavljević
* Vukašin Mandrapa
* Muhamed Mehmedbašić
* Rafailo Momčilović
* Platon of Banja Luka
* Sava Šumanović
* Sava Trlajić
* Dositej Vasić
* Petar Zimonjić

Armed resistance|

* Đurđevdan uprising
* Eastern Herzegovina uprising
* Drvar uprising
* Srb uprising

Humanitarianism|

* Diana Budisavljević

Trials|

* Trial of Mile Budak
* Operation Gvardijan
* Trial of Aloysius Stepinac

Bibliography|

* The Yugoslav Auschwitz and the Vatican
* Encyclopedia of Genocide
* The Catholic Church and the Holocaust, 1930–1965
* Hitler–Beneš–Tito
* Viktor Novak
* Jozo Tomasevich
* Smilja Avramov
* Enver Redžić
* Antun Miletić
* Vasilije Krestić
* Mark Biondich
* Rory Yeomans
* Paul Mojzes
* Veljko Đurić Mišina
* Dejan Jović
* Hrvoje Klasić
* Serbian historiography

Cultural depictions|

* Eagles Fly Early (book, film)
* Black Birds
* The End of the War
* The Dagger
* The Diary of Diana B.
* Dara of Jasenovac
* Zaveštanje

Aftermath|

* Bleiburg repatriations
* Stone Flower
* Terrorism in Yugoslavia

Denial|

* Jasenovac – istina
* Far-right politics in Croatia

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