Black Saturday (Lebanon)

1975 massacre during the Lebanese Civil War

Black Saturday Massacre

Part of the Lebanese Civil War
Location| Beirut, Lebanon
Coordinates| 33°44′N 35°27′E﻿ / ﻿33.733°N 35.450°E﻿ / 33.733; 35.450
Date| 6 December 1975
Target| Lebanese Muslims, Druze and Palestinians in Lebanon

Attack type

| Massacre
Deaths| 150-200[1]
Perpetrators|  Kataeb Regulatory Forces
Motive| Anti-Palestinianism, revenge for the murder of a Phalangists son

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Lebanese Civil War

First phase: 1975–1977

* Bus massacre
* Black Thursday
* Battle of the Hotels
* ASALA insurgency
* Black Saturday
* Karantina massacre
* Damour massacre
* Al-Ahdab coup
* 1976 Syrian intervention
* Tel al-Zaatar massacre
* Chekka massacre
* Aishiyeh massacres

Second phase: 1977–1982

* Chouf massacres
* St George's Church attack
* Hundred Days' War
* 1978 South Lebanon conflict
* Inter-Christian conflicts in Lebanon
* Battle of Kaukaba
* Ehden massacre
* Qaa massacre
* Battle of Qnat
* At Tiri incident
* Safra massacre
* Battle of Zahleh
* 1981 Israeli bombing
* Iraqi Embassy bombing

Third phase: 1982–1984

* 1982 Beirut bombing
* 1982 Lebanon War
* 1982 kidnapping of Iranian diplomats
* Multinational Force in Lebanon
* Assassination of Bachir Gemayel
* Sabra and Shatila massacre
* PLO withdrawal
* U.S. embassy bombing
* Barracks bombings
* Mountain War
* Battle of Bhamdoun
* Battle of Tripoli
* February 6 Intifada
* 1984 Sohmor massacre

Fourth phase: 1984–1990

* U.S. embassy annex bombing
* War of the Camps
* 1985 Beirut car bombings
* Bourj Hammoud massacre
* January 1986 Lebanese Forces coup
* Assassination of Rashid Karami
* War of Brothers
* War of Liberation
* Dahr al-Wahsh massacre
* War of Elimination
* Assassination of René Moawad
* Battle of Sidon

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Cantons and puppet states

* East Beirut canton
* People's Republic of Tyre
* Fatahland
* Civil Administration of the Mountain
* State of Free Lebanon
* Israeli occupation of Southern Lebanon
* Administration

Black Saturday (Arabic: السبت الأسود; French: Samedi noir) was the massacre of between 150 and 200 Lebanese Muslims and Druze in Beirut by Christian Phalangists on Saturday 6 December 1975, during the early stages of the Lebanese Civil War.[2][3][4] It set a precedent for later outbreaks of violence such as the Battle of the Hotels, the Karantina massacre and the Damour massacre.[4]

The killings were led by Joseph Saade, a Phalangist whose son was killed in Fanar earlier that day along with three other young men while heading to a cinema in Brumana. The four young Christian men were found dead with axes and gunshots wounds on the Fanar road in Lebanon. Saade's first son was also murdered by Palestinian gunmen while participating in a rally paper in Bekaa earlier in 1975.[5] The massacre accelerated the rapidly escalating civil war.[2]

## References

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1. ^ Haugbolle Sune, 25 Octobre, 2011, Historiography and memory of the Lebanese Civil War 1975-1990, https://www.sciencespo.fr/mass-violence-war-massacre-resistance/fr/document/historiography-and-memory-lebanese-civil-war
2. ^ a b Tamimova, May (2018). "The Black Saturday Massacre of 1975: the discomfort of assembling the Lebanese civil war narrative". Contemporary Levant. 3 (2): 123–136\. doi:10.1080/20581831.2018.1531531. S2CID 165385219.
3. ^ "Lebanon - The Early Stages of Combat". www.country-data.com. Retrieved 24 February 2021.
4. ^ a b May Tamimova (2018) The Black Saturday Massacre of 1975: the discomfort of assembling the Lebanese civil war narrative, Contemporary Levant, 3:2, 123-136, DOI: 10.1080/20581831.2018.1531531
5. ^ Venter, Al J. (19 October 2010). Barrel of a Gun: A War Correspondent's Misspent Moments in Combat. Casemate. ISBN 978-1-61200-032-9.

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