Black Saturday (Lebanon)

Black Saturday Massacre

Part of the Lebanese Civil War
Location| Beirut, Lebanon
Coordinates| 33°44′N 35°27′E﻿ / ﻿33.733°N 35.450°E﻿ / 33.733; 35.450
Date| 6 December 1975
Target| Lebanese Muslims, Druze and Palestinians in Lebanon

Attack type

| Massacre
Deaths| 200+ killed[1]
Perpetrators|  Kataeb Party

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Lebanese Civil War

First phase: 1975–1977

* Bus massacre
* Black Thursday
* Hotels
* ASALA insurgency
* Black Saturday
* Karantina
* Damour
* 1976 Syrian intervention
* Tel al-Zaatar
* Chekka
* Aishiyeh

Second phase: 1977–1982

* Chouf
* Hundred Days' War
* Litani
* Kaukaba
* Ehden
* Qaa
* Qnat
* At Tiri
* Safra
* Zahleh
* 1981 Israeli bombing
* Iraqi Embassy bombing

Third phase: 1982–1984

* 1982 Beirut bombing
* 1982 Lebanon War
* 1982 Iranian diplomats kidnapping
* Assassination of Bachir Gemayel
* Sabra and Shatila
* U.S. Embassy bombing
* Barracks bombings
* Mountain War
* Tripoli
* February 6 Intifada
* 1984 Sohmor massacre

Fourth phase: 1984–1990

* U.S. embassy annex bombing
* War of the Camps
* 1985 Beirut bombings
* LF coup
* Assassination of Rashid Karami
* War of Brothers
* War of Elimination
* War of Liberation
* Dahr al-Wahsh massacre
* Assassination of René Moawad
* Sidon

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Cantons and puppet states

* East Beirut canton
* People's Republic of Tyre
* Northern Canton
* Civil Administration of the Mountain
* State of Free Lebanon
* South Lebanon security belt
* administration

Black Saturday (Arabic: السبت الأسود; French: Samedi noir) was the massacre of about 300 Lebanese Muslims and Druze in Beirut by Phalangists on Saturday 6 December 1975, during the early stages of the Lebanese Civil War.[2][3][4] It set a precedent for later outbreaks such as the Battle of the Hotels, the Karantina massacre and the Damour massacre.[4]

The killings were led by Joseph Saade, a Phalangist whose son was killed in Fanar earlier that day along with 3 other young men while heading to a cinema in Brumana. The four young Christian men were found dead with axes and gunshots wounds on the Fanar road in Lebanon. Saade's first son was also murdered by Palestinian gunmen while participating in a rally paper earlier in 1975. [5]

The massacre set Beirut ablaze, and accelerated the rapidly escalating civil war.[2]

## References[edit]

1. ^ Lebanese Civil War 6 December 1975 Saturday. Website liberty05. Retrieved 17 July 2017.
2. ^ a b Tamimova, May (2018). "The Black Saturday Massacre of 1975: the discomfort of assembling the Lebanese civil war narrative". Contemporary Levant. 3 (2): 123–136. doi:10.1080/20581831.2018.1531531. S2CID 165385219.
3. ^ "Lebanon - The Early Stages of Combat". www.country-data.com. Retrieved 24 February 2021.
4. ^ a b May Tamimova (2018) The Black Saturday Massacre of 1975: the discomfort of assembling the Lebanese civil war narrative, Contemporary Levant, 3:2, 123-136, DOI: 10.1080/20581831.2018.1531531
5. ^ Venter, Al J. (19 October 2010). Barrel of a Gun: A War Correspondent's Misspent Moments in Combat. Casemate. ISBN 978-1-61200-032-9.

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