Blockade of the Cabañas Department

Salvadoran military operation

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Blockade of Cabañas

Part of the Salvadoran gang crackdown

Salvadoran Army troops in the surroundings of the department

Date| 1 August 2023 – 1 January 2024 (5 months)
Location|

Cabañas Department

Parties

Salvadoran government

* Salvadoran Army
* National Civil Police

Criminal gangs

* MS-13
* Barrio 18

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Lead figures

* Nayib Bukele
* René Merino Monroy
* Mauricio Arriaza
* Gustavo Villatoro

Uncentralized leadership

Number

7,000 soldiers
1,000 police officers

Unknown

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Casualties and losses

None

298 suspected gang members captured
2 gang members killed
50+firearms recovered along with ammunition and explosives
56 vehicles recovered
12 phones recovered
$760 cash seized

Unspecified quantities of drugs confiscated

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* v
* t
* e

Salvadoran gang crackdown

Blockades

* Soyapango
* Nueva Concepción
* Cabañas
* Southern Chalatenango

Related

* Opinion polling
* Terrorism Confinement Center

The blockade of the Cabañas Department (Spanish: Cerco Cabañas) was a military operation in El Salvador during the Salvadoran gang crackdown which started on 1 August 2023, when Salvadoran President Nayib Bukele announced that 7,000 soldiers of the Armed Forces of El Salvador (FAES) and 1,000 police officers of the National Civil Police (PNC) had surrounded the department (first level subdivision) of Cabañas to capture gang members within the department.

## Background[edit]

Due to a huge rise in murders of the country, the government of El Salvador declared a state of emergency in March 2022. By August 2023, a total of 72,000 suspected gang members had been arrested.[1]

The blockade is the sixth such operation in the country. Previously, in October 2022 Comasagua became the first area to be blockaded by security forces after the murder of a resident. In December 2022, the municipality of Soyapango inside the San Salvador Department was besieged by 8500 soldiers and 1500 police officers during the blockade of Soyapango after the announcement of the fifth phase of Bukele's "Territorial Control Plan". In the same month La Granjita and Tutunichapa were also fenced off to hunt for drug traffickers. In January 2023 a highway in Santa Ana was surrounded by the army after people complained of an increase in crime.Later, in May 2023 the city of Nueva Concepción was encircled by 5000 soldiers and 500 police officers during the blockade of Nueva Concepción to hunt for gang members after the killing of a police officer.[2] The fifth phase of the Territorial Control Plan entails establishing circles around communities, especially large cities, in order to block the means of escape of gang members and capture them.[3]

Cabañas has a population of over 160,000 people and covers a land area of 1,000 square kilometres (390 sq mi).[4]

While announcing the beginning of the blockade, president Nayib Bukele had claimed that gang members from Mara Salvatrucha (MS-13) and the 18th Street gang (Barrio 18) had fled to Cabañas for refuge from the crackdown in recent weeks.[5] Later, during the blockade, Minister of National Defense, René Merino Monroy stated that the government of El Salvador had intelligence related to gang members fleeing to Cabañas and that the attack on the National Civil Police (PNC) prompted the government to launch an operation to capture the members.[6]

## Blockade[edit]

Military walking through Cabañas Officers checking verification documents from a driver Police officer searching a truck in Cabañas

On 30 July 2023, two police officers were injured by an ambush by alleged gang members in Maquilishuat canton of Ilobasco. One of them was seriously injured and both of them were flown to San Salvador. A video of the ambush was uploaded on Twitter by the Salvadoran Minister of Defense René Merino Monroy. The National Civil Police (PNC) reported that an operation to hunt for the attackers was underway.[7]

On 1 August 2023, Salvadoran President Nayib Bukele wrote on Twitter that the government had mobilized 7,000 soldiers of the Armed Forces of El Salvador (FAES) and 1,000 police officers of the PNC to surround the department (first level subdivision) of Cabañas to capture gang members within the department. In the tweet, Bukele stated that the government's forces will "be to prevent gang members from leaving the area and cut off all supply lines belonging to terrorist groups [the gangs]" and that the operation would continue until "the operatives can extract all gang members".[1][8] Bukele claimed that gang members from Mara Salvatrucha (MS-13) and the 18th Street gang (Barrio 18) had fled to Cabañas for refuge from the crackdown.[5]

The blockade is the fifth such operation conducted by the Salvadoran government since the beginning of the gang crackdown and the first one to cover an entire department.[9]

On 2 August 2023, Mara Salvatrucha members were reported to have been arrested, with one of them having a prior history of possessing illegal firearms, criminal association and sexual harassment who was accused of arranging firearms and soldiers in the Maquiloshuat canton in Illobasco. A member of 18th Street gang with several tattoos related to gang membership was also arrested in Illobasco while trying to hide inside a septic tank.[10][11] Later, in the evening, Mauricio Arriaza Chicas, the Director General of the PNC stated that 12 to 15 suspected gang members had been captured. Vehicle checkpoints had been set up on all roads inside the department and all the municipalities within the department were subject to regular military and police patrols.[12]

At around midnight, a team of soldiers and police officers patrolling near the Güiscoyol hill, in Sensuntepeque close to border of Chalatenango, were involved in a gunfight with a group of alleged gang members which resulted in the death of a high ranking local gangster. Hours after the incident, Monroy and Chicas both arrived at the spot to confirm the incident. Chicas later stated that the killed attacker was the third in command of the local armed MS13 structure and warned that the Salvadoran forces would retaliate with adequate force against criminals trying to attack or resist the army or the police.[13][14]

On 4 August, elements of the Salvadoran Army and the PNC searched for gang members suspected to hiding Caserío El Picacho, Cerro La Montaña, Caserío Santa Cruz and Caserío El Salamo, municipality of Sensuntepeque, Cabañas.Communication equipment was delivered to PNC units involved in the blockade.[15]

A 9mm pistol was recovered by the army along with a 22-caliber rifle in the Potrero Cubias canton, San Isidro. Three abandoned 22 caliber rifles were also recovered in the canton of El Jocote, Ciudad Dolores.The weapons were handed over the PNC.[16] The army also tweeted about the capture of a MS-13 member in the Quesera canton of Ilobasco who had previously been deported from the United States in 2019 after an attempted murder.Information about a MS-13 member with a criminal history of aggravated robbery and illegal association who was held in San Insidro and another who was captured in Barrio El Centro, Tejutepeque, with incriminating evidence ,was also tweeted about. Two members of 18th Street Gang,one of whom had an active arrest warrant for an attempted murder were also detained in San Lorenzo, Sensuntepeque.[17]

On 5 August, La Pagina reported that several gang members were trying to escape from the besieged department to the hilly municipalities of Nombre de Jesús and San Antonio de La Cruz, inside Chalatenango ,with some even trying to cross over to Honduras.Unmanned aerial vehicle patrols were carried out throughout the department.[18]La Prensa Gráfica reported that 18 suspected gang members had been detained at the police station in Sensuntepeque including 2 minors and 3 women.[19] Later, 2 heavily armed MS-13 members , aged 33 and 18 were also captured while trying to flee to Chalatenango.One of them was the second in command of the local MS armed group.[20]

On 8 August, the government sources indicated that the blockade had led to the capture of 52 suspected gang members along with 21 firearms, a grenade and an improvised weapon.[21] Later, the Director General of PNC stated that 54 gang members had been captured,including 16 local leaders who were responsible for coordinating criminal activities inside the department and confirmed that 24 M-16 and AK-47 series rifles along with ammunition and grenades , adding that those arrested would be tried together.Two of the gang members who were caught on their way to Chalatenango gave up information leading to arrests of four other gang members.[22] The police chief also confirmed that some gang members had tried to cross over to Honduras, saying that some of them had been caught near the municipalities of Victoria and Dolores in Cabañas, while trying to flee to Honduras.[23] While talking to Canal 41, Merino also reported that the blockade had led to the arrests of 56 suspected members.[6] He also said that out of the 56 people captured, 26 were from Mara Salvatrucha while 15 of them were from the Barrio-18 , with the rest being general criminals.[24]

On 9 August, the chief of the PNC, Mauricio Arriaza Chicas held a meeting with the senior officers of the PNC and Salvadoran Armed Forces to review the situation in Cabañas.[25]

The Salvadoran government continued to report about the capture of more arms and gang members in the department.[26] On 11 August , the PNC tweeted that a gang member had been killed after firing at an elite unit of PNC in the canton of Río Grande inside Sensuntepeque.[27]

On 7 September , the government claimed that 211 gang members - 77 in Ilobasco, 38 in Sensuntepeque ,9 in Guacotecti ,15 in San Isidro ,14 in Victoria , 6 in Dolores , 13 in Tejutepeque , 3 in Jutiapa and from another department - had been captured in the operation.[28]

By 13 September,members the number of captured gang members had risen to more than 260 , with Arriaza Chicas also claiming that the government had seized 12 phones and $760 in cash, along with 37 firearms and 56 vehicles allegedly used by gang members.[29]Later , On 26 September, Merino claimed that the authorities had captured 298 gang members and more than 50 firearms as a result of the blockade.[30]The government continued to report more weapon seizures in the department, with a buried revolved being discovered on 26 October.[31]Seizures were also reported in the month of December.[32] [33]

## Reactions[edit]

The blockade was supported by many residents of Cabañas, while the survivors of the Salvadoran Civil War living in the Santa Marta area were unhappy with the heavy deployment of military forces.[34] The Salvadoran organization Foro Nacional de la Salud (FNS) criticized the actions of the government, saying that the blockade could lead to anxiety within the local population and restricted their rights, while clarifying that they were not against capturing gang members but could not support any extreme measures.[35] The measures were criticized by Cristosal, a non governmental organization which has been critical of the Salvadoran gang crackdown.[12]

## See also[edit]

* Blockade of Nueva Concepción
* Blockade of southern Chalatenango
* Blockade of Soyapango

## References[edit]

1. ^ a b "El Salvador Troops Blockade Region In Gang Crackdown". Barron's. 1 August 2023. Retrieved 1 August 2023.
2. ^ Sandoval, Williams. "Instalan cerco militar en Nueva Concepción tras muerte de policía". La Prensa Gráfica. Retrieved 3 August 2023.
3. ^ "Despliegan 5,500 militares y policías en cerco de Nueva Concepción tras asesinato de agente" [5,500 soldiers and police deployed in siege of Nueva Concepción after murder of officer]. El Mundo (in Spanish). 18 May 2023. Retrieved 3 August 2023.
4. ^ Bowman, Verity (2 August 2023). "El Salvador Blocks Gang Members from Leaving Entire Region". The Daily Telegraph. Retrieved 2 August 2023.
5. ^ a b "El Salvador Sends 8,000 Troops and Police Officers to Comb Rural Province in Massive Anti-Gang Raid". Associated Press. San Salvador, El Salvador. 1 August 2023. Retrieved 1 August 2023.
6. ^ a b Cornejo, Iliana (8 August 2023). "Gobierno ha detenido a 56 presuntos pandilleros en el cerco militar de Cabañas". Diario El Mundo (in Spanish). Retrieved 9 August 2023.
7. ^ Marela, Palma (30 July 2023). "Dos Policías Heridos Tras Emboscada en Ilobasco" [Two Policemen Injured After Ambush in Ilobasco]. La Prensa Gráfica. Retrieved 2 August 2023.
8. ^ "El Salvador Rings Off Entire Region to Hem in Gangs". BBC. 1 August 2023. Retrieved 1 August 2023.
9. ^ "El Salvador Sends 8,000 Troops, Police to Rural Province in Gang Crackdown". Al Jazeera. 2 August 2023. Retrieved 2 August 2023.
10. ^ Cornejo, Iliana; Acosta, Dennis (2 August 2023). "Cerco militar en Cabañas ya deja cuatro pandilleros capturados". Diario El Mundo (in Spanish). Retrieved 8 August 2023.
11. ^ Rodriguez, Alfredo (3 August 2023). "Capturan a pandillero que se ocultaba en fosa séptica en Ilobasco" [They capture a gang member who was hiding in a septic tank in Ilobasco]. La Prensa Gráfica. Retrieved 8 August 2023.
12. ^ a b Marela, Palma; Sandoval, Williams (3 August 2023). "Más de 10 personas capturadas reporta la policía en cerco militar en Cabañas" [More than 10 captures reported by the police in the military siege in Cabañas]. La Prensa Gráfica. Retrieved 8 August 2023.
13. ^ Maldonado, Javier (3 August 2023). "Director de PNC dice van entre '12 y 15' capturados en cerco militar en Cabañas". Diario El Mundo (in Spanish). Retrieved 8 August 2023.
14. ^ Maldonado, Javier (3 August 2023). "Abaten en Cabañas a cabecilla de MS-13 tras ataque contra patrulleros en cerco militar". Diario El Mundo (in Spanish). Retrieved 8 August 2023.
15. ^ "Continúan acciones operativas en el Cerco de Seguridad en Cabañas – Diario La Página" (in Spanish). Retrieved 8 August 2023.
16. ^ "Cerco Cabañas: Incautan 3 fusiles en Ilobasco – Diario La Página" (in Spanish). Retrieved 8 August 2023.
17. ^ Acosta, Dennis (4 August 2023). "Armas abandonadas y nuevas capturas registran autoridades en cerco militar de Cabañas". Diario El Mundo (in Spanish). Retrieved 8 August 2023.
18. ^ "Pandilleros de Cabañas estarían huyendo hacia montañas de Chalatenango y de Honduras – Diario La Página" (in Spanish). Retrieved 8 August 2023.
19. ^ Bernal, David (5 August 2023). "Aumenta a 18 el número de personas capturadas en el cerco militar de Cabañas". Retrieved 8 August 2023.
20. ^ Reyes, Magdalena (6 August 2023). "Capturan a dos supuestos pandilleros con armas de guerra en el cerco militar de Cabañas" [They capture two alleged gang members with weapons of war in the military siege of Cabañas]. Diario El Mundo (in Spanish). Retrieved 8 August 2023.
21. ^ "Más de 50 pandilleros detenidos durante un cerco de seguridad en Cabañas" [More than 50 gang members held during a security circle in Cabañas]. La Prensa Gráfica. 8 August 2023. Retrieved 8 August 2023.
22. ^ Lemar, Lisette. "Director de la PNC confirma 54 capturas en Cabañas y asegura serán juzgados en grupo". Noticias de El Salvador - Noticias de El Salvador, noticias internacionales, salvadoreños por el mundo, economia, negocios, politica, deportes, entretenimiento, tecnologia, turismo, tendencias, fotos, videos, redes sociales (in Spanish). Retrieved 8 August 2023.
23. ^ "Más de 50 pandilleros capturados gracias al cerco de seguridad en Cabañas" (in Spanish). 8 August 2023. Retrieved 9 August 2023.
24. ^ Urbina, Javier (8 August 2023). "Merino Monroy: "Todavía hay remanentes de las pandillas en zona rural"". La Prensa Gráfica (in Spanish). Retrieved 8 August 2023.
25. ^ "Nuestro @Director_PNC está reunido con subdirectores y miembros de la @FUERZARMADASV evaluando los resultados del#CercoCabañas..Además se planifican nuevas estrategias, para seguir capturando a los terroristas hasta que ya no quede ninguno en el departamento". Twitter. Retrieved 12 August 2023.
26. ^ "#Seguimos ejecutando acciones del #CercoCabañas, ubicamos en lotificación El Llano, cantón El Paraíso, San Isidro, a Juan Alfredo Iraheta Mercado (a) Greñas, miembro de la MS13..Posee antecedentes delincuenciales por agrupacionesilícitas..Fueentregado a la @PNCSV..#GuerraContraPandillas". Twitter. Retrieved 12 August 2023.
27. ^ "Un terrorista de la MS13 murió tras disparar a nuestras Fuerzas Especiales, en el cantón Río Grande, Sensuntepeque, Cabañas...En el lugar quedó el arma de fuego que usó el criminal..Los agentes están ilesos..#CercoCabañas". Twitter. Retrieved 12 August 2023.
28. ^ "Cerco de Cabañas saca de circulación a 211 pandilleros – Diario El Salvador" (in Spanish). 7 September 2023. Retrieved 3 April 2024.
29. ^ "Cerco de Cabañas: más de 260 capturados y entre ellos, 50 son cabecillas de pandillas – Diario El Salvador" (in Spanish). 12 September 2023. Retrieved 3 April 2024.
30. ^ "El Ministro de @DefensaSV @merino_monroy asegura que a través del Cerco Cabañas se han detenido a 298 terroristas detenidos, se ha incautado más de 50 armas, vehículos, motocicletas, celulares y dinero en efectivo".
31. ^ "Localizan munición y revólver enterrados en Cabañas – Diario El Salvador" (in Spanish). 24 October 2023. Retrieved 3 April 2024.
32. ^ "En respuesta a denuncia ciudadana acudimos al cantón Agua Zarca, Ilobasco, Cabañas, donde ubicamos en calidad de abandono, un revólver calibre .38 con 6 cartuchos. Fue entregado a la @PNCSV #CercoCabañas #PlanControlTerritorial".
33. ^ https://x.com/FUERZARMADASV/status/1736097155494900220?s=20. `{{cite web}}`: Missing or empty `|title=` (help)
34. ^ ""Dios lo cuide", dice salvadoreña a su marido arrestado en cerco militar". France 24. 2 August 2023. Retrieved 9 August 2023.
35. ^ "Foro de Salud rechaza la "militarización" de departamento de El Salvador". La Vanguardia (in Spanish). 2 August 2023. Retrieved 9 August 2023.

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